Wang Yang, member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and vice premier of the State Council, stressed that all ministries and commissions of the State Council and Xinjiang should deeply study the agricultural water saving work in southern Xinjiang to ensure that the goal of poverty alleviation in southern Xinjiang can be achieved on schedule.
      In order to implement the important deployment requirements of vice premier Wang Yang, in November 2016 and February 2017, the central Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Water Resources and the Ministry of Agriculture came to Xinjiang twice to carry out research. Leaders of relevant departments of the autonomous region went to Jiashi County to carry out field research, and communicated and exchanged opinions on relevant issues in the agricultural water-saving pilot work in southern Xinjiang.
      In order to ensure the long-term effectiveness of the project, we can establish farmers’ water users association, well power dual control service team, agricultural efficient water-saving operation management company, agricultural cooperatives, machinery cooperatives, new agricultural business entities, etc. to participate in the operation and management, form a diversified operation and management system and mechanism, and ensure the long-term role of the project.

   The development of China’s water conservancy construction requires us to seriously sum up the past experience and lessons. The development of agricultural water-saving projects in southern Xinjiang can provide rich experience for China’s water conservancy construction work and help us find a new way of water conservancy and hydropower project construction suitable for China’s national conditions.

前 言

中共中央政治局委员、国务院副总理汪洋在研究部署新疆南疆脱贫攻坚工作时强调，国务院各部委和新疆方面要深入研究南疆的农业节水工作，确保新疆南疆如期实现脱贫攻坚目标。
      为了贯彻落实汪洋副总理重要部署要求， 2016 年 11 月、 2017 年 2 月中央财政部会同水利部、农业部先后两次来疆开展调研，自治区相关部门领导到伽师县开展实地调研，就南疆农业节水试点工作中的有关问题进行沟通、交换意见。
      为了保证项目实施后能长期发挥其功效，可建立农民用水者协会、井电双控服务队、农业高效节水运行管理公司、农业合作社、机械合作社、新型农业经营主体等，参与经营管护，形成多样化运行管护体制机制，保证工程长期发挥作用。
      我国水利建设事业的发展要求我们必须认真总结过去的经验和教训，南疆农业节水项目的开展，可以为我国水利建设工作提供丰富的经验，有利于走出一条适合我国国情的水利水电工程建设新路。

With the rapid development of national economy, the application of national roads and bridges is gradually increasing, and the construction quality of roads and bridges is also greatly improved. The innovation and application of detection technology improve the quality control. The effective detection of construction quality and construction materials is of great significance to the quality detection and later acceptance during the construction period, and helps to improve the quality and level of road and bridge quality detection and ensure the quality of road and bridge.
  The construction quality of roads and bridges is not only related to the development of transportation, but also related to the development of local economy. At present, most of the roads and bridges in our country have some quality problems. If these quality problems can not be found in time, and take effective measures to solve them in time, it will inevitably have adverse effects on traffic. In the construction of roads and bridges, the use of quality detection technology can effectively solve the problem, and can find the problem in time. According to different quality problems, corresponding solutions are .formulated. The detection technology is mainly used to detect whether the indexes and parameters meet the standards in the construction process.
  Roads and bridges play a very important role in the whole field of transportation, which not only affects the safety of people’s travel, but also affects the economic development. In the construction process of roads and bridges, due to the influence of many factors, there are many quality problems in roads and bridges, which not only directly affect the traffic safety of roads and bridges, but also shorten their service life, threaten the safety of people’s lives and property, and restrict the speed of economic development. Therefore, in the process of road and bridge construction, according to the actual situation of road and bridge engineering, the more reasonable quality detection technology is adopted to ensure that the quality problems can be found in time, and effective measures are taken to solve them, so as to improve the construction quality and level of road and Bridge, and ensure the safety and reliability of its traffic.

前 言

随着国家经济快速发展，国家道路和桥梁的应用逐渐增加，随之对道路和桥梁的施工质量重视程度也大幅提升。检测技术的创新与应用提高了质量控制，对施工质量与施工材料进行有效检测， 对施工期间的质量检测与后期验收都有着重要意义，并且有助于提高道路桥梁质量检测的质量和水平，保障道路桥梁的质量。
       道路与桥梁的施工质量，不仅关系着交通运输领域的发展，也关系着地方经济的发展。目前我国的道路与桥梁，大部分都存在一定的质量问题，如果这些质量问题不能被及时的发现，并采取有效的措施及时进行解决，必然会对交通通行产生不良的影响。而在道路与桥梁的施工中，采用质量检测技术，可以有效的对该问题进行解决。可以及时的发现问题的所在，根据不同的质量问题，制定相应的解决方案。 检测技术主要是用于检测在施工过程中， 各项指标及参数是否符合标准的重要方法。
      道路与桥梁在整个的交通领域，有着非常重要的作用，不仅影响着人们出行的安全性，也影响着经济的发展。道路桥梁在施工过程中，由于受到诸多因素的影响，导致道路与桥梁存在众多的质量问题，直接影响了道路与桥梁通行安全性的同时也缩短了其使用寿命， 同时也威胁着人们的生命财产的安全、 制约着经济的发展速度。因此在道路与桥梁的施工过程中，根据道路与桥梁工程的实际情况，采用较为合理的质量检测技术，保障能够及时的发现质量问题，采取有效的措施进行解决，提高道路与桥梁的施工质量及水平，保障其通行的安全性及可靠性。

With the rapid development of traffic in China, the traffic engineering environment becomes more and more complex, and the traffic engineering safety has been paid more and more attention by the society. In the actual design of traffic engineering safety facilities, it is necessary to comprehensively and reasonably design the markings, signs, contour marks and guardrails, fully consider the road conditions and the surrounding environment, and truly reflect the concept of “harmonious traffic” .At the same time, due to the development of China’s road traffic, the increase and diversification of vehicles, the incidence of traffic accidents has become an upward trend. Traffic accidents not only cause a large number of casualties and property losses, but also bring misfortune to countless families and seriously affect the stability of society. Therefore, the prevention and reduction of traffic accidents is the main task of traffic departments and traffic designers in various countries.

  The safety facilities of traffic engineering is an important part of the traffic system, which is related to the overall quality of the whole traffic engineering, pedestrian safety, and the smooth realization of harmonious traffic. Practice has proved that the design and construction of scientific and perfect traffic engineering safety facilities can ensure the driving efficiency, safety and comfort to a great extent, and realize the high quality and high benefit of road operation. Therefore, traffic designers and constructors should realize the important role of traffic safety facilities, integrate them into the construction process of traffic engineering, and realize the goal of harmonious traffic as soon as possible.

前 言

随着我国交通事业的日新月异，交通工程环境变得日趋复杂，交通工程安全问题受到了社会越来越多的关注，在实际的交通工程安全设施的设计中要对标线、标志、轮廓标以及护栏进行全面合理地设计，充分考虑道路本身状况及周围的环境，真正体现“和谐交通”的理念；同时，我国社会和道路交通事业的发展，交通工具的增加以及多样化，交通事故的发生率成上升趋势。由于交通事故的发生不仅造成大量的人员伤亡，财产的损失，还给无数家庭带来了不幸，严重的影响了社会的稳定。因此，预防和减少交通安全事故，是各国交通部门以及交通设计者的主要任务。
       交通工程的安全设施是交通系统的重要组成部分，关系到整个交通工程的整体质量、行人安全，也关系到和谐交通能否顺利实现。实践证明，科学、完善的交通工程安全设施的设计与施工能从很大程度上保证行车高效、安全、舒适，实现道路运营的高质量、高效益。因此，交通设计和施工人员应该认识到交通安全设施所发挥的重要作用，在交通工程施工过程中将其融入，早日实现和谐交通的目标。

In order to prolong the service life of roads, ensure smooth traffic and seriously implement the policy of "prevention first and prevention combined", it is necessary to adhere to daily maintenance, timely repair damaged parts, regularly keep roads intact, smooth, clean, beautiful and periodically carry out preventive large and medium-sized maintenance, gradually improve technical conditions, and improve road use quality and disaster resistance ability.
  Pavement maintenance and preventive road maintenance have far exceeded the long-term understanding of road maintenance engineering itself. We should strengthen the implementation of maintenance and preventive road maintenance, and establish the maintenance planning, concept and management system of the whole road network. At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen the research, implementation and promotion of application technology matching with pavement maintenance and preventive road maintenance. Road maintenance is multifaceted and very important. In order to make the highway serve the national economy better, the management should be further strengthened. The highway should be brought into the track of scientific maintenance and standardized management, so as to consolidate and improve the technical condition of the highway.

前 言

为延长道路的使用周期，保障畅通，认真贯彻“预防为主，防治结合”的方针，坚持日常保养，及时修复损坏部分，经常保持道路完好、畅通、整洁、美观、周期性地进行预防性大中修，逐步改善技术状况，提高道路的使用质量和抗灾能力。
        路面保值和预防性道路养护已经远远超过我国长期理解的道路养护工程本身。我们应加强路面保值型和预防性的道路养护实施，建立让道路保值或增值的全路网路面资产养护规划、理念和管理体制。同时加强与路面保值和预防性道路养护相配套的应用技术研究、实施和推广。道路的养护工作是多方面的，也是十分重要的。为了使公路能更好地为国民经济服务，应进一步加强管理，切实把公路纳入科学养护与规范化管理的轨道，使公路的技术状况得到巩固，改善和提高。

In recent years, under the background of global economic integration, China’s urban development process is gradually accelerating. In the process of urban construction, scientific and reasonable urban planning and design can not only greatly improve people’s travel convenience, but also provide the necessary guarantee for economic development. But at present, many cities in China, including the first tier cities, have the phenomenon of unbalanced urban planning and design, blind pursuit of modernization and neglect of ecological environment, which has restricted the long-term healthy development of cities to a certain extent.
   The task of urban design is to create a comfortable, convenient, efficient, healthy and beautiful material and social environment for people, and build an organic space order and social order for urban communities. It is a comprehensive planning and design work, which requires to integrate the needs of various professions, make reasonable arrangements and coordinate development. It is a reasonable design of urban space environment, mainly based on reality, but also ideal and rich imagination. Its goal is the unity and perfection of urban space environment, the best optimization of comprehensive benefits, and the organic coordination of social life.
   It is necessary for urban planning and design to adapt to urban development. The majority of urban planning and design workers only effectively implement the urban planning, and fully consider the humanities, environment, resources, culture and other aspects, so as to truly promote the urban planning and design more reasonable and long-term, and truly promote the long-term development of the city and drive the sustainable progress of the whole urban economy.

前 言

近年来，在全球经济一体化的大背景下，我国的城市发展进程逐渐加快，而在城市建设的过程中，科学合理的城市规划设计不仅可以大幅提高人们出行的便利，同时也可为经济发展提供必要的保障。但就目前来看，我国许多包括一线城市在内的城市都普遍存在着城市规划设计不平衡、 盲目追求现代化、 忽略生态环境的现象，且已经在一定程度上制约了城市的长期健康发展。
       城市设计的任务是要为人们创造一个舒适宜人、方便高效、卫生优美的物质环境和社会环境，为城市社区建设一种有机空间秩序和社会秩序，它是一项综合规划设计工作，要求能综合各专业的需要，做到合理安排，协调发展。它是对城市空间环境的合理设计，主要立足于现实，又要有理想并具有丰富想象力，其目标是城市空间环境的统一、完美；综合效益上的最佳优化；社会生活上的有机协调。
      城市规划设计适应城市发展是十分必要的，而广大城市规划设计工作者只有切实将城市规划落到实处，并充分考虑到人文、环境、资源、文化等多个方面，才能真正促使城市规划设计更加合理、长期，才能真正推动城市的长期发展并带动整个城市经济的可持续进步。