The purpose of mechanical design is to improve work efficiency and reduce the difficulty of work. The design and manufacture of machinery is the focus of relevant departments. With the development of science and technology and computer network, automation technology is gradually linked with mechanical manufacturing to realize the intelligent manufacturing process of products. The rapid development and popularization of automation technology have greatly accelerated people’s life and work efficiency, promoted the automation construction level in various fields, and created more benefits for social economy. The organic combination of automation technology and mechanical production industry, the comprehensive use of network technology, intelligent technology, numerical control technology, and so on., can comprehensively improve the design level and manufacturing quality of industrial machinery, and lead China’s machinery manufacturing industry to continuously advance towards virtualization, environmental protection and networking.
   As the basis of the change of social economic structure and economic development in China, modern industry has been gradually integrated with more and more high-tech with the continuous development of modern science and technology, and more advanced scientific and technological industrial theories have been derived, which makes the development trend of intelligence and automation in China’s high-tech industry. The traditional mechanical design and manufacturing industry has a higher economic cost, but the actual design capacity is smaller, and it is no longer suitable for the needs of industrial machinery development system in the new economic era. Especially after China’s accession to the world trade organization, the internal economic cost and external industry competition pressure brought by the international market are always full of domestic mechanical design and manufacturing industry. In the environment of both demand and pressure, the domestic machinery manufacturing and automation industry needs to clarify the future development direction and find new goals.

前 言

机械设计目的是提高工作效率、降低工作难度，机械的设计与制造是有关部门聚焦的重点。随着科技与计算机网络的发展，自动化技术逐渐与机械制造相联系，实现产品智能化的制造过程，自动化技术的快速发展和普及应用，大大加快了人们生活和工作效率，促进了各个领域的自动化建设水平提升，为社会经济创造了更多效益。将自动化技术与机械生产行业有机结合，综合利用网络技术、智能技术、数控技术等，可全面提高工业机械设计水平和制造质量，引领我国机械制造产业向着虚拟化、环保化、网络化方向不断迈进。
       现代工业作为我国社会经济结构变更和经济发展的基础，随着现代科技的不断发展已经逐渐与越来越多的高新技术相融合， 并且衍生出更多的先进科技工业理论，使我国高新工业产业出现智能化与自动化的发展趋势。传统的机械设计与制造工业自身经济成本较高，但是实际上的设计产能则较小，已经逐渐不再适合新经济时代工业机械发展体系的需求。尤其是我国加入世界贸易组织以后，国际市场带来的内部经济成本和外部行业竞争压力时刻充斥着国内机械设计制造产业，在需求与压力并重的环境下，国内机械制造及自动化产业需要明确未来发展方向，寻找新目标。

With the continuous development of China’s highway transportation industry, the number of highway bridge projects is also increasing, which greatly promotes the development of our country and facilitates the daily travel of our people. In the construction process of highway bridge, tunnel construction is often carried out. The construction of tunnel is very difficult, and the requirements for construction technology are also high, so it is easy to have various problems in the construction process.
   With the development and progress of society, the construction of modern highway and bridge in our country is developing rapidly, and the construction of highway tunnel is a very important project. In this regard, this book combines the current construction status of highway bridge tunnels in China, effectively improving the construction technology and quality management of road and bridge tunnels.
   Compared with other construction projects, highway and bridge construction is the main body of its management. Compared with other engineering construction, highway bridge engineering is relatively complex. On the basis of ensuring the progress of the project, we need to save the construction cost to the greatest extent, attach importance tothe construction management of highway and bridge, and put forward corresponding countermeasures to ensure the safe and effective construction of the project.

前 言

随着我国公路交通行业的不断发展，建设的公路桥梁工程数量也越来越多，极大推动了我国的发展，方便了我国人民的日常出行。在公路桥梁的施工过程中，经常会进行隧道的施工，隧道的施工十分困难，对施工技术的要求也较高，很容易在施工过程中出现各种问题。
       社会的发展进步使得我国现代化的公路桥梁建设工程发展迅速，而公路隧道建设是一项十分关键的工程建设项目。对此，本书结合了当前我国公路桥梁隧道的施工现状，有效地完善道路桥梁隧道的施工工艺和质量管理工作。
       公路桥梁建设和其他建设项目比较而言有着很大差别，公路和桥梁是其管理的主体。与其他的工程建设相比公路桥梁工程相对复杂，在保证工程进度的基础上需要最大程度的节省建设成本， 重视公路桥梁施施工管理工作， 提出相应的解决对策，确保工程建设安全有效的进行。

Highway bridge is the throat of traffic artery, its operation status is related to economic development and people’s life. The research of highway and bridge maintenance management system has been more mature in many developed countries, but it is still in the development stage in China. The research of highway bridge maintenance management system is of great significance to ensure the scientific, reasonable and economic determination of maintenance countermeasures, prolong the service life of highway bridges, and ensure the safe operation of highway bridges.

   Highway bridge can provide basic guarantee for people’s safe travel, and it is an important transportation hub connecting various regions effectively, so it is necessary to pay more attention to its safety. With the continuous improvement of China’s social economy, highway and bridge construction plays an important role. However, the maintenance and reinforcement of highway bridges need to be strengthened in the process of use, which is an indispensable main method to increase the service time of highway bridges.

   China’s existing highway bridge construction has made great achievements, but most of the highway bridges have low design technical standards and poor traffic capacity, which can not meet the needs of transportation brought by rapid economic development, and the maintenance of old bridges will be in a peak period. The maintenance and management of highway bridges can not be separated from advanced concepts and technologies. At present, there are some problems in the maintenance concept of highway bridges, such as focusing on the construction of light maintenance, no distinction between road and bridge maintenance, unclear maintenance concept, indifferent crisis consciousness and lack of systematic concept; in terms of system, there is a lack of maintenance backbone team, the system is in form, and the management environment is not comprehensive; there are no perfect rules and regulations, and the technical understanding is not thorough; in terms of resources, the overall quality of human resources needs to be improved, maintenance funds are short, equipment is not complete, and timely maintenance information is lacking. In addition, there are also great deficiencies in the quality and safety of maintenance.

前 言

公路桥梁是交通动脉的咽喉，它的运营状况关乎经济发展和人民生活。公路桥梁养护管理系统的研究在许多发达国家已经比较成熟，而在我国还处于发展阶段。公路桥梁养护管理系统的研究对于确保通过科学、合理、经济确定养护对策，延长公路桥梁使用寿命，保证公路桥梁的安全运营具有重要意义。
        公路桥梁可以为人们的安全出行提供基本保障，是各个地区有效连接的重要交通枢纽，故需提高对其安全性的重视程度。随着我国社会经济的不断提升，公路桥梁建设起着举足轻重的作用。然而公路桥梁在使用过程中需要加大养护与维修加固的力度，这是增加公路桥梁使用时间不可缺少的主要方法。

我国现有公路桥梁建设已取得巨大成就，但大多数公路桥梁的设计技术标准较低、通行能力差，不能满足快速经济发展带来的交通运输需要，旧桥养护将处于一个高峰期。公路桥梁的养护和管理离不开先进的理念和技术，目前公路桥梁养护观念上存在着重建设轻养护、路桥养护不分、养护概念不明确、危机意识淡漠、缺乏系统观念的问题；在体制方上缺少养护骨干队伍、体制处于形式、管理大环境不全面问题；规章上没有完善的规章制度，对技术理解不透彻；资源上，整体的人力资源素质有待提高，养护资金短缺，设备不全， 缺少及时的养护信息。另外养护质量、安全上也存在很大的不足。

Highway engineering test and detection is an important part of highway construction quality management. Through test and detection, the quality of various raw materials, semi-finished products and finished components can be evaluated quantitatively, so as to make full use of local raw materials, and rapidly promote the application of new materials, new technologies and new processes, and reasonably control the construction quality and scientifically evaluate the quality of highway engineering. Therefore, the test and detection work will play a very important role in ensuring and improving the project quality, speeding up the construction progress, reducing the project cost and promoting the progress of highway engineering construction technology. The research object of highway engineering management is mainly how to organize productivity reasonably, improve production relations, and adjust superstructure timely to meet the needs of productivity development.
   Highway engineering test detection is a complex system of basic knowledge of highway engineering, basic theory of test and detection and test operation skills. It is an effective means of highway engineering quality inspection and an important part of highway construction quality management. It can directly reflect the overall quality level of the project, find problems in time and take effective measures and means to solve them. Therefore, it plays an important role in highway construction. For new materials, new technology and new technology, the design theory and construction technology can be improved through test and research. Highway engineering test and detection technology is a new subject under development. It is a combination of theoretical knowledge of test and detection, practical operation skills and related basic knowledge. It involves a wide range of knowledge and contains more project contents. In order to make the engineering test and detection personnel or quality control management personnel obtain relatively systematic and complete highway construction detection knowledge, so as to do a good job in the engineering construction of engineering material quality construction control parameters, on-site construction process quality and engineering quality acceptance of these key links, this book is specially compiled.

前 言

公路工程试验、检测工作是公路施工质量管理中的一个重要组成部分。通过试验、检测，能用定量的方法评价各种原材料、半成品和成品构件的质量，从而充分地利用当地原材料，亦能迅速推广应用新材料、新技术和新工艺，能合理地进行施工质量控制和科学地评定公路工程质量。因此，试验、检测工作对于保证和提高工程质量、加快施工进度降低工程造价、推动公路工程施工技术进步，将起到极为重要的作用。 公路工程管理研究的对象， 主要是在公路建设中如何合理地组织生产力，不断改善生产关系，适时地调整上层建筑，以适应生产力发展的需要。
       公路工程试验检测是公路工程基础知识、试验检测基础理论和测试操作技能于一体的复杂的系统，是进行公路工程质量检测的一种有效手段，是公路建设质量管理工作的重要组成部分，它可以直观地反映出该工程的整体质量水平，及时发现问题并采取有效的措施和手段进行解决，因此对公路的建设具有至关重要的作用。对于新材料、新工艺、新技术，通过试验检测和研究，可以完善设计理论和施工工艺。公路工程试验、检测技术是一门正在发展的新学科，是试验检测理论知识和实际操作技能及相关基础知识于一体，涉及知识面较广，包含的项目内容较多。为使工程试验检测人员或质量控制管理人员获得比较系统完整的公路施工检测知识，以便在工程施工中做好工程材料质量施工控制参数现场施工过程质量和工程质量验收这几个关键环节的把关工作，特编写此书。

Since the reform and opening up, China’s highway construction has developed rapidly. With the development of economy and the enhancement of comprehensive national strength, China’s building materials, equipment and construction technology have developed rapidly, providing safe and comfortable services for people’s travel and highway transportation. But the following road maintenance work is also facing new challenges.
   This book adheres to the scientific development concept of combining theory and practice, relying on the two parts of highway engineering and highway maintenance engineering, analyzes the problems and status quo in the whole process of highway engineering planning and design, highway engineering construction, highway maintenance, highway maintenance management, ordinary highway maintenance management, rural road maintenance management and highway maintenance engineering cost management. This book gives feasible suggestions for these problems, in order to provide a practical teaching material and reference book for the majority of road traffic practitioners in China, and make a little contribution to the sustainable construction of highway engineering construction in China.

前 言

改革开放以来，我国公路建设事业迅猛发展。随着经济的发展、综合国力增强，我国的建筑材料、设备、建筑技术都有了较快的发展，为人民出行和公路运输提供了安全舒适的服务。但是随之而来的公路养护工作也面临着新的挑战。
       本书坚持理论与实践相结合的科学发展观，以公路工程与公路养护工程两部分为依托，分析了公路工程规划设计、公路工程建设施工、公路养护、高速公路养护管理、普通公路养护管理、农村公路养护管理以及公路养护工程成本管理全过程存在的问题与现状，并针对这些问题给出可行性建议，以期为我国广大道路交通从业者提供一本切合实用的教材与参考书，为我国公路工程建设的可持续建设略尽绵薄之力。