In recent years, with classroom teaching reform of basic education step into the “deep water area”, teachers’ professional development has become the most important driving force of the reform. Making teachers pay attention to lesson examples and classroom learning based on textbooks, has become an important direction for research and practice. Many front-line teachers and teaching researchers continue to carry out various forms of pedagogical practice and research, based on practical issues of classroom teaching with the goal of improving classroom teaching ability of teacher and learning effectiveness of students.
  With the continuous expansion of globalization and informatization and the renewal of educational ideas, traditional concept of teachers’ professional development is more and more unsuitable for the current situation. In recent years, paying attention to teachers’ practical knowledge, real classroom teaching issues, carrying out practical research and building a teachers’ community of research have become the main direction of teachers’ professional development.

  What’s more, the development of traditional classroom teaching ability based on personal teaching experience and “Fighting Alone” Model is becoming more and more unsuitable for the rapid development of global informationization. The professional development based on teaching and learning community has gradually become the mainstream of front-line teachers and could promote classroom efficiency.

前 言

近年来，随着基础教育课堂教学改革不断向“深水区”拓展，教师专业发展成为改革最重要的推动力量。而基于校本，引导教师关注课例、关注课堂学习成为重要的研究与实践方向，很多一线教师和教学研究人员从课堂教学实际问题出发，以问题为导向，以提高教师课堂教学能力和学生学习成效为目标，不断开展形式多样的教学教研活动。
      随着全球化和信息化的不断拓展，教育理念的更新，传统的教师发展观越来越不适应教师职业发展的现状。近年来，关注教师实践性知识、真实课堂教学问题、开展行动研究、构建教师研究共同体等成为教师专业发展的主要方向。
       同时，传统教师单纯基于个人教学经验，“单打独斗”式的课堂教学能力发展越来越不适应当前全球网络信息化飞速发展的时代大环境，而以教师教学与学习共同体构建的专业发展模式逐渐成为一线教师专业成长，促进高效课堂的主流。

Fire is the most common disaster that seriously endangers human life and property and directly affects social development and stability. In recent years, the number of high-rise buildings keeps increasing with social and economic development. Fires happening in High-rise and super high-rise buildings are very common over the world. Although these buildings are generally equipped with better fire-fighting facilities, people are still caught by surprise when a fire breaks out. The severity of fires always remind people to increase the intensity of fire-fighting work, so as tonip in the bud. This calls for higher requirements for the design, construction, monitoring, operation and maintenance personnel engaged in fire protection engineering, as well as higher requirements for knowledge accumulation, skill requirements and learning ability of the employees.

 Fire safety is closely related to economic development and involves all kinds of industries and families, social stability and people’s life and work. Only by popularizing the safety laws and regulations and scientific and technological knowledge to the whole society, enhancing the safety awareness and prevention ability of the whole people, we can effectively prevent and reduce the harm caused by fire. Therefore, in order to do a good job in the fire safety of government offices, organizations, enterprises and institutions, the legal representatives of these units, fire safety management personnel and operators of key types of fire control have to master the necessary knowledge of fire safety management, as well as basic technical knowledge of fire protection and fire fighting, such as fire burning and fire fighting facilities.

前 言

火灾是严重危害人类生命财产、直接影响到社会发展及稳定的一种最为常见的灾害，近年来，随着社会和经济建设的发展，高层建筑不断增多，高层和超高层建筑火灾在世界各地屡见不鲜，尽管这些建筑一般都配备了较先进的消防设施，可一旦起火，人们往往还是措手不及，火灾的严重性，时刻提醒人们要加大消防工作的力度，做到防患于未然。这就对从事消防工程的设计、施工、监测、运行维护人员的要求大大增加，对从业人员的知识积累、技能要求、学习能力提出了更高的要求。
      安全工作涉及各行各业、千家万户，与经济发展、社会稳定和人民群众安居乐业密切相关。只有全社会普及安全法规和科技知识，提高全民安全意识，增强全民防范能力，才能有效地预防和减少火灾的危害。所以，要把机关、团体、企业、事业单位的消防安全工作做好，单位的法定代表人、消防安全管理人员以及消防重点工种操作人员等，除应掌握必要的消防安全管理知识外，还必须学习和掌握火灾燃烧和消防设施等基本防火、灭火技术知识。

With the continuous improvement of people’s quality of life and economic level, more and more people pay more attention to the safety of the living environment, so a lot of safety product manufacturing industry has been derived. Fire protection products are the most typical safety products, which can be used in almost all buildings. Fire protection products are related to the normal operation of fire protection work and the safety of people’s lives and property. Therefore, the supervision and management of fire products is very important.
    Fire products are public safety products under the compulsory management of the state. The quality of fire products is closely related to national economic construction and people’s life and property safety. Therefore, it is a long-term work to strengthen the supervision and management of fire-fighting products, crack down on fake and inferior fire-fighting products, and maintain the market order of fire-fighting products. In order to further strengthen the supervision and management of fire-fighting products, promote the standardized development of fire-fighting product supervision, do a good job in the investigation of hidden dangers of fire-fighting products, ensure the development of local fire-fighting product supervision, promote the standardization and specialization of fire-fighting product supervision, and strive to build a new pattern of fire-fighting product supervision, this book discusses the problems of strengthening the supervision and management of fire products, and provides reference value for strengthening the supervision and management of fire products.

前 言

随着人们生活质量及经济水平的不断提升，越来越多的人更注重居住环境的安全， 所以衍生出了很多安全产品制造业， 消防产品就是最为典型的一种安全性产品，基本所有的建筑物都会使用到。消防产品关乎着消防工作的正常进行，关乎着人们生命财产安全，因此对于消防产品的监督和管理工作就至关重要。
       消防产品是纳入国家强制性管理的公共安全类产品，消防产品的质量与国家经济建设、人民生命财产安全息息相关。因此，加强消防产品监督管理，打击假冒伪劣消防产品，维护消防产品市场秩序，是提高社会公共安全保障水平的一项长期工作。为进一步加强对消防产品的监督管理，推动消防产品监督工作规范化发展，做好消防产品隐患调查工作，并确保当地消防产品监督工作的开展，推进消防产品监督工作规范化、专业化，努力构建消防产品监督工作新格局，本书对加强消防产品监督管理工作的问题进行探讨，为消防开展加强消防产品监督管理工作提供参考价值。

Ship power station is the core of ship and its power system. Ship power station automation is an important part of ship engine room automation. With the rapid development of shipbuilding industry, the ship’s large-scale and automation, as well as the continuous development of electronic information technology and automatic control technology, especially in recent years, with the development of computer technology, control technology, communication technology, network technology and so on, the ship has appeared a network-based integrated automation system for ship power station. The automation system of marine power station is developing towards the integration and networking of monitoring.
    With the rapid development of the shipbuilding industry, the large-scale and high-tech of the ship are becoming increasingly prominent. There are many new concepts, new technologies and new equipment in the marine power system and automation device. The former teaching materials can not meet the requirements of the times, and the new teaching materials related to ship power station and system are very few.

前 言

船舶电站是船舶及其电力系统的核心，船舶电站自动化是船舶机舱自动化的重要组成部分。随着船舶工业的飞速发展，船舶大型化和自动化以及电子信息技术和自动控制技术不断发展，特别是近几年来计算机技术、控制技术、通信技术、网络技术等的发展，船舶上已出现集监、控、管于一体的网络型船舶电站综合自动化系统。船舶电站自动化系统正向着监控的综合化和网络化方向发展。
       伴随着船舶行业的快速发展，船舶的大型化和高科技日趋显著。突出表现在船舶电力系统及自动化装置方面，出现了许多新观念、新技术、新设备，以往的教材已不能满足时代的要求，而涉及到船舶电站及系统的新教材更是少之甚少。

Land is the basis of human survival, is an important means of production, but also the source of all social material wealth. Nowadays, the population, resources, environment and food problems are all related to land. Reasonable planning, development and utilization of limited land resources to realize the sustainable development of society and economy have become an important topic of concern of governments all over the world and the focus of academic circles. China is the largest developing country in the world with a large population. The per capita land, cultivated land, woodland and grassland are 0.84 Hm2, 0.11 Hm2, 0.11 hm2 and 0.25 Hm2, respectively, which are only 60% - 80% of the world’s average level of similar land use, ranking 120th, 114th, 120th and 84th in 160 countries in the world. With the development of social economy and the continuous growth of population, the contradiction between people and land in China will be increasingly acute. Therefore, it is very important to cherish and reasonably utilize extremely limited land resources and coordinate the relationship between people and land.          Since China’s reform and opening up, urban and rural development is in the process of scale expansion, which has induced many contradictions and conflicts. The contradiction between limited land resources and unlimited development needs will exist for a long time in China’s social development. Economical and intensive land use is the way to solve the problem in this state, but it is not the ultimate goal to use land economically and intensively. The ultimate goal is to make efficient use of land, promote development and ecological harmony. For a long time, China’s economic development is mainly driven by the extensive mode of cheap land and cheap labor force, resulting in the low degree of land intensification, and the scale of construction land is close to the future index. However, construction land still plays an irreplaceable role in promoting economic development. The sustainable use of construction land will exist for a long time with the development of human society. At present, it is not enough to pay attention to the utilization and benefit of the stock land. Only by making the stock land play a revolutionary role in the transformation of the development mode is the foundation that the developed regions should set an example for the national development strategy.

前 言

土地是人类赖以生存的基础，是重要的生产资料，也是一切社会物质财富的源泉。当今世界所面临的人口、资源、环境和粮食等几大难题，无一不与土地相关，合理规划、开发和利用有限的土地资源，实现社会、经济的可持续发展，已成为世界各国政府所关注的重要议题，也成为当今学术界关注的焦点。我国是世界上最大的发展中国家，人口众多，人均土地、耕地、林地和草地分别为 0.84hm2、 0.11hm2、0.11hm2 和 0.25hm2，仅为世界同类用地平均水平的 60%~80%，在全世界 160 个国家中分别位居第 120、 114、 120 和 84 位， 而随着社会经济的发展和人口的继续增长，我国的人地矛盾将日趋尖锐。因此，十分珍惜、合理利用极其有限的土地资源，协调人地关系显得尤为重要。
       中国自改革开放以来，城乡发展均处于规模扩张过程，诱发了众多的矛盾与冲突。有限的土地资源与无限的发展需求之间的矛盾将会在中国社会发展中长期存在。节约、集约用地就是在这种状态下所产生的解决问题的办法，但节约、集约用地并不是最终目的，高效利用、促进发展、生态和谐才是终极目标。长期以来，我国经济发展主要以廉价土地和廉价劳动力的粗放式带动为主，致使土地的集约化程度较低，并使建设用地规模量迫近未来的指标。但建设用地在促进经济发展中依然起着其他资源所不能替代的作用，建设用地的永续利用将伴随着人类社会的发展而长期存在。目前，仅仅关注存量土地的利用与利用效益是不够的，使存量土地在发展方式转变中起到革命性的变革作用，才是发达地区应该为国家的发展战略起表率作用的根本。