The construction of urban facilities is the basis of forming and perfecting the function of a city and giving full play to the role of the city center. It is the basic condition for invigorating the local economy, improving the living environment of the city and improving the grade of the city. Municipal engineering management is not only directly related to the safety of people’s lives and property, but also related to the sustained, rapid and healthy development of economic construction, and also related to social stability. How to ensure the safe production of construction projects, avoid or reduce safety accidents, and protect the safety and health of employees, is an important issue in the field of engineering construction. The national construction authorities and local authorities have promulgated a series of standards for municipal engineering management, in order to strengthen the safety responsibility of all parties involved in construction projects, strengthen the supervision and management of safety production of construction projects, and improve the safety level of municipal engineering in China.

   The construction of urban facilities is the basis of forming and perfecting the function of a city and giving full play to the role of the city center. It is the basic condition for invigorating the local economy, improving the living environment of the city and improving the grade of the city. Municipal engineering management is not only directly related to the safety of people’s lives and property, but also related to the sustained, rapid and healthy development of economic construction, and also related to social stability. How to ensure the safe production of construction projects, avoid or reduce safety accidents, and protect the safety and health of employees, is an important issue in the field of engineering construction. The national construction authorities and local authorities have promulgated a series of standards for municipal engineering management, in order to strengthen the safety responsibility of all parties involved in construction projects, strengthen the supervision and management of safety production of construction projects, and improve the safety level of municipal engineering in China.

前 言

城市设施建设是形成和完善城市功能、发挥城市中心作用的基础，它是搞活本地区经济，改善城市居住生活环境，提高城市品位的基本条件。市政工程管理工作不仅直接关系到人民群众生命和财产安全,而且关系到经济建设持续、快速、健康发展,更关系到社会的稳定。 如何保证建设工程安全生产， 避免或减少安全事故,保护从业人员的安全和健康,是工程建设领域急需解决的重要课题。 国家建设主管部门和地方先后颁布了一系列市政工程管理的规范标准,以加强建设工程参与各方的安全责任,强化建设工程安全生产监督管理,提高我国市政工程安全水平。
       工程建设活动的结果既是各行各业赖以生存和发展的基础设施，同时又是社会财富的主要载体。目前我国的建筑机电工程取得了卓越的成就，有力地促进了社会各项事业的发展。目前我国正处于经济社会发展的战略机遇期，国家制定了宏大的中长期社会经济发展规划，一方面为工程建设行业创造了巨大的发展机遇，另一方面对工程建设也提出了更高的要求。可以说，在相当长的时期内，建筑机电工程建设的质量好坏、安全与否、进展快慢等，不仅涉及局部地区、特定单位和人群的利益，而且直接影响到社会生活秩序的安定，关系到国家发展战略目标的实现。

With the deepening of China’s Reform and Opening up and the rapid development of economy, the competition of global enterprises is becoming more and more fierce, which puts forward new requirements and challenges to human resource management of enterprises. Human resource strategy and planning is one of the basic tasks of human resource management. Human resource strategy and planning is the process of transforming the business strategy and overall goal of an enterprise into the actual human resource demand. It is the starting point and basis of various specific human resource management work, and is the direction and roadmap of various human resource work to be carried out in a certain period in the future. Therefore, it plays an important role in the whole human resource management activities to formulate the human resource strategy and planning according to the enterprise’s environment. It is directly related to the success or failure of the enterprise’s daily standard.

  This book takes the strategic management of human resources based on competitive advantages as the main line, connecting the analysis of human resources environment, the analysis of human resources strategy and enterprise competitive advantage, the selection of human resources strategy, the formulation and implementation of human resources strategy and planning, evaluation, control and so on., which are connected in one line and clear in order; the content is relatively comprehensive and substantial. It includes the basic theories and methods of human resource strategy and planning, such as the analysis and prediction of human resource stock, demand and supply. The methods are diverse and specific, and the types of human resource strategy selection are rich and fully elaborated; it highlights Chinese characteristics and practice, attaches importance to the theory and practice of localization, and hopes to provide constructive suggestions to readers and promote the development and progress of human resources in China.

前 言

随着我国改革开放的不断深入和经济的迅速发展，全球企业的竞争越来越激烈，对企业人力资源管理提出了新的要求和挑战。人力资源战略与规划是企业进行人力资源管理的基础性工作之一。人力资源战略与规划是将企业的经营战略和总体目标转化为现实的人力需求的过程， 是各项具体的人力资源管理工作的起点和依据，是今后一定时期内各项人力资源工作得以开展的方向和路标。因此，根据企业所处的环境，客观科学地制定符合企业特点的人力资源战略与规划，在整个人力资源管理活动中占有举足轻重的地位。直接关系到企业经营目标的成败。
      本书以基于竞争优势的人力资源战略管理为主线，将人力资源环境分析、人力资源战略与企业竞争优势分析、人力资源战略选择、人力资源战略与规划制订与实施、评价与控制等主要内容联系起来，一脉贯通，条理明晰；内容比较全面充实。囊括人力资源战略与规划的基础理论、基本方法，例如人力资源存量、需求、供给的分析预测，方法比较多样且说明比较具体，人力资源战略选择的类型很丰富且阐述比较充分；突出中国特色和实践，重视本土化理论与实践，希望能给读者提供建设性意见，促进我国人力资源发展与进步。

The 21st century is a century of globalization, marketization, and informationization, a century dominated by knowledge. The creator of knowledge and the carrier of knowledge alone will surpass all other resources owned by the enterprise (such as land, raw materials, houses, machines, etc.) to become the most important strategic resource. Human resources have become the focus of common concern in current era.
  “Human resources are the most important resource in an enterprise” has become the consensus of almost all professional managers. China’s market economy is becoming more and more mature, and the market competition in China is becoming more and more fierce. Especially after joining WTO, Chinese companies will definitely face the direct competition against global companies. It has been repeatedly approved that the core of competition is the competition of talents, the competition of quality and quantity of human resources. Therefore, it is very natural that “Human Resource Development and Management” is selected as a compulsory course by world-class business schools for MBA education.

  At present, most companies of a certain size all have a specialized human resource management structure, whose responsibility is to effectively develop and utilize human resources, that is, to rationally allocate human resources according to the requirements of the company’s development strategy. With the application of a series of processes such as recruitment, training, utilization, assessment, incentives, adjustments, and so on, it will mobilize employees, make them fully exert their potentials, create values and bring benefits to the company, and ensure the realization of the company’s strategic goals.

前 言

21 世纪是全球化、市场化、信息化的世纪，是知识主宰的世纪。知识的创造者与知识的载体一人将超越企业所拥有的其他资源（如土地、原材料、房屋、机器等）成为最重要的战略性资源，人力资源成了当今时代人们共同关注的焦点。

“人力资源是企业中最重要的资源”几乎成为所有职业经理人的共识。中国的市场经济越来越走向成熟，中国的市场竞争也越来越激烈，尤其是加入了世贸组织后，中国企业必将直接面对全球企业的竞争。事实反复证明：竞争的核心是人才的竞争，是人力资源质量和数量的竞争。因此，国际一流商学院培养 MBA 时都把《人力资源开发与管理》作为一门必修课是十分自然的事。
      当前具备一定规模的企业大多设有专门的人力资源管理结构，其职责是有效地开发和利用人力资源，即根据企业发展战略的要求，有计划地对人力资源进行合理配置，通过对企业中员工的招聘、培训、使用、考核、激励、调整等一系列过程，调动员工的积极性，发挥员工的潜能，为企业创造价值，给企业带来效益，确保企业战略目标的实现。

Regular high school is the last link of basic education. It is a transitional stage from general education to professional education, a transitional stage from an adult to an adult, or a transitional stage in which students step out of school and enter society. When students complete high school education, they will stand at the crossroads of life, they are also faced with life choices, whether entering the university or going to the society, diversion is inevitable. Even if they enter the university, they are faced with the problems that every high school student must face and think about, such as what kind of university to go to and what kind of major to study. Therefore, no matter for further study or entering the society, how to make use of the three-year time, through effective academic design and suitable career planning, to lay the foundation for students’ “growing up, being a talent and gaining success” is an arduous task that ordinary high schools must think about and undertake.

  Career planning can provide great help to one’s career development.
  First of all, we should be clear about the goal. Through scientific tools and professional methods, career planning helps us to find out what our real interests are and what objective conditions we have, and make a comprehensive analysis and matching of the above factors, so as to help us find our own positioning in the career world. The suitable is the best. Do what is suitable for you, and the probability of success is always higher than that of other things. No one will doubt it. It is a good thing not only for the development of individual career, but also for the progress of the whole society to let everyone’s ability be brought into full play.
  Say goodbye to those days without goals and plans, pursue things that make you really interested and really feel happy and happy. Be the captain of your own career, steer your own sailing boat, and start a wonderful journey of life full of infinite possibilities.

前 言

普通高中作为基础教育的最后一个环节是从普通教育走向专业教育的过渡阶段，是学生从未成年走向成年的过渡阶段，也可能是学生走出学校走入社会的过渡阶段。当学生完成高中教育的时候，都会站在人生的十字路口，都同样面临着人生选择，无论是开入大学，还是走向社会，分流是不可避免的。即便是升入大学，也面临着开什么样的大学、学什么样的专业等每一个高中生必须面对和思考的问题。所以，无论对于学业深造还是踏入社会，如何利用三年时间，通过有效的学业设计和适合的生涯规划，为学生“成人、成才、成功”奠定基础，这是普通高中必须思考和担当的艰巨任务。
      职业生涯规划对一个人的职业生涯发展能够提供巨大的帮助。

首先要明确目标。职业生涯规划通过科学的工具和专业的方法，帮助我们弄清楚自己真正的兴趣是什么，自己具备哪些客观条件，并对以上这些因素进行综合分析与匹配，最终帮助我们找到自己在职业世界的定位。合适的才是最好的。做适合自己的事，比做其他事情，成功的概率总是要高一些，这一点相信没有人会怀疑。让每个人的才能得到最大限度的发挥，不仅对个人事业的发展，而且对整个社会的进步，都是一件好事。
       跟过去没有目标、没有规划的日子说再见，追求那些让你真正感兴趣、真正能感受到快乐与幸福的事情，做自己生涯的船长，掌舵自己前进的帆船，开启一段精彩的、充满无限可能的人生旅途。

Agriculture is the foundation of national economy, and crop production is the primary production of agricultural system. Its development level directly affects people’s basic living needs and quality, and restricts the development of national economy, people’s livelihood and social economy. It is a crucial field in national economic construction.
Agronomy, as one of the subjects serving the development of crop production, is a practical science which is most close to the actual production. At present, China’s agriculture is in an important period of accelerating the transformation from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture. It is facing the major challenges of ensuring national food security, increasing farmers' income, easing the constraints of resources and environment, and enhancing the competitiveness of agricultural products at home and abroad. Therefore, it is of great significance to analyze and discuss the problems in the development of crop production from the perspective of agronomy, and to understand and master the relevant theory and technology system of agronomy.

  China’s agriculture should be revitalized, China’s agriculture should be developed continuously, and what should China rely on to realize agricultural modernization? Practice shows that China’s agricultural development depends on policy, science and technology, and investment. However, it still depends on science and technology to solve problems. The development of agriculture depends on science and technology, the progress of science and technology depends on talents, and the cultivation of talents depends on education, which is the objective need and law of modern agricultural development. Relying on science and technology and education is the only way to revitalize agriculture. It is of great strategic and far-reaching historical significance to vigorously develop China’s science and technology, especially agricultural science and technology, to achieve the goal of increasing production in the 1920s of the 21st century.

前 言

农业是国民经济的基础，而作物生产是农业系统的第一性生产，其发展水平直接影响人们的基本生活需求和质量，制约着国计民生和社会经济的发展，是国民经济建设中至关重要的领域。农学作为为作物生产发展服务的学科之一，是最为贴近生产实际的实践性科学。当前，我国农业正处于传统农业向现代农业加速转变的重要时期，面临着保障国家粮食安全、增加农民收入、缓解资源环境约束和增强农产品国内外市场竞争力的重大挑战。因此，从农学的角度来分析和讨论作物生产发展中的问题，了解和掌握农学的有关理论与技术体系具有特别重要的意义。
      我国的农业要振兴，中国的农业要持续发展，中国要实现农业现代化，靠什么呢？实践告诉我们，中国的农业发展“一靠政策、二靠科技、三靠投入”，但最终还是要依靠科技解决问题。农业发展靠科技，科技进步靠人才，人才培养靠教育，这是现代农业发展的客观需要和规律。依靠科技和教育，是振兴农业的必由之路。大力发展我国的科学技术，特别是发展农业科学技术，对实现 21 世纪 20 年代的增产目标，具有十分重要的战略意义和深远的历史意义。