With the acceleration of social process and the development of the times, China has entered the crucial period of Reform and Opening up. In order to change the way of development and build a well-off society in an all-round way, it is necessary to strengthen the recognition of the importance of mechanical design and manufacturing, to enhance the importance of equipment installation and maintenance, and to increase the strength of innovation to speed up the development process of mechanical design. Workers should also improve their technical knowledge and level, enhance their comprehensive quality, strengthen the installation and maintenance skills for equipment, promote the rapid development of mechanical design industry, contribute their own strength to the development of China’s manufacturing industry, and promote the development and progress of China’s social economy.
    Nowadays, the world has entered the era of intelligence. Modern construction machinery is the product of intelligence. The rapid development of the national economy, especially the implementation of the western development policy, requires the construction machinery manufacturing industry to provide a large number of efficient construction machinery. In order to develop design ideas, shorten design cycle, reduce manufacturing costs and improve efficiency, we have compiled this book.

前 言

随着社会进程的加快和时代的发展，我国已经进入改革开放的攻坚时期。要努力转变发展的方式，全面建成小康社会，必须强化机械设计的制造的重要性认识以及提升对设备的安装和维修方面的重视程度，加大创新的力度加快机械设计的发展进程。工作者也要提高自身的技术知识和水平，增强自己的综合素质，加强对于设备的安装维修技巧，促进机械设计业的飞速发展，为我国的制造业发展贡献自己的力量，促进我国的社会经济的发展和进步。
        当今世界已进入智能化时代，现代建设机械是智能化的产物。国民经济的飞速发展，特别是西部大开发政策的实施，要求建设机械制造业提供大量高效能的建设机械。为了开拓设计思路，缩短设计周期，降低制造成本，提高使用效率，我们编著了此书。

In recent years, with the continuous improvement of China’s social and economic level, urban roads and other infrastructure construction are also developing, and the number of road and bridge projects is gradually increasing. In order to better meet the requirements of urban construction for road and bridge, it is necessary to continuously improve the construction and maintenance level of urban road and bridge, which not only determines the quality and service life of road and bridge, but also determines the development of the region to a certain extent. However, the construction and maintenance conditions of urban roads and bridges are complex and diverse, and there will be various problems. Therefore, it is very important to improve the construction and maintenance level of urban roads and bridges. Only in this way can we promote the continuous development of urban road construction and lay a solid foundation for the rapid development of urban regional economy.
       This book systematically expounds the urban bridge construction and road engineering from the content of 16 chapters. The chapters are comprehensive, hoping to contribute to the development and progress of urban road construction in China.

前 言

近年来，随着我国社会经济水平的不断提高，城市道路等基础设施建设也在不断发展， 道路桥梁工程数量逐渐增多。 为了更好地满足城市建设对道路桥梁的要求，就要不断提高城市道路桥梁的施工和养护水平，这不仅决定着道路桥梁的质量和使用寿命，也在一定程度上决定着区域的发展。但城市道路桥梁的施工与养护条件是复杂多样的，会出现各种各样的问题。因此，不断提高城市道路桥梁的施工和养护水平是至关重要的，只有这样才能推动城市道路建设的不断发展，为城市区域经济快速发展打下坚实的基础。
       本书从十六章内容系统的对城市桥梁施工与道路工程进行阐述，章节内容全面，希望能够有助于我国城市道路建设事业的发展与进步。

Since the beginning of the 21st century, in order to promote the sustainable and healthy development of economy and accelerate the process of socialist modernization, China has clearly put forward the urbanization strategy, and the speed of urbanization has been accelerating. The corresponding infrastructure construction, such as urban indemnificatory residential engineering, transportation facilities, urban water supply, gas supply and heating facilities has also developed. However, at present, the funds in China’s financial budget are far from meeting the needs of infrastructure construction. At the same time, the private surplus funds have expanded unprecedentedly and maintained stable development. How to make better use of these non-governmental capital and let it participate in the infrastructure construction of our country has become a realistic problem in front of us. The development of public private partnership (PPP) provides a way to solve this problem.
       After the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the country has strengthened the Reform and Opening up. From the first mention of PPP mode at the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee to the introduction of relevant policies by the National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Finance, PPP mode has been gradually popularized in China and relevant policies have been gradually improved. PPP model not only uses idle social funds to relieve the pressure of financial budget funds, but also enables the government and the private sector to establish a cooperative relationship in the field of infrastructure construction, develop strengths and avoid weaknesses, and complement each others’ advantages, so as to better play their respective roles and advantages, reasonably allocate resources, put an end to resource abuse, optimize the allocation of resources, improve the use efficiency of resources, meet the public demand, improve the social governance function, and ensure the quality of infrastructure and public products.

前 言

进入 21 世纪以来， 为促进经济的持续健康发展， 加快社会主义现代化建设进程，我国明确提出城镇化战略，城镇化速度不断加快，相应的城市保障性居住工程、运输设施、城市供水供气供暖设施等基础设施建设也随之发展。但是，当前我国财政预算内的资金远远无法满足基础设施建设的需要，与此同时，民间剩余资金却空前膨胀，且保持了稳定发展。如何更好地利用这些民间资本，让其参与到我国基础设施建设中，成为摆在我们面前的现实问题。政府和社会资本合作模式（Public Private Partnership，简称 PPP 模式）的发展为解决这一问题提供了思路。
       党的第十八次全国代表大会以后，国家加大了改革开放的力度。从党的十八届三中全会首次提到 PPP 模式，到国家发改委、财政部等陆续出台相关政策， PPP 模式在国内逐渐得到了普及，相关政策也得到了逐步完善。 PPP 模式不仅利用社会闲置资金缓解了财政预算资金压力，而且使得政府部门和私营部门在基础设施建设领域建立起合作关系，扬长避短，优势互补，从而更好地发挥了他们各自的作用以及各自的优势，合理调配资源，杜绝资源滥用，优化了资源的配置，提高了资源的使用效率，满足了公共需求，完善了社会治理功能，保障了基础设施和公共产品质量。

Nowadays, China’s overall economic situation shows a rapid development trend, therefore, the construction industry is getting more and more attention and become an important pillar industry in China’s economic development industry. The quality of construction projects directly affects people’s living environment, urbanization process and sustainable development of society, therefore, the construction technology plays a particularly important role in the construction engineering. In order to improve the competitiveness of China’s construction industry, we must strive to build an excellent construction team in China’s construction industry.
      How to improve the combat ability of the construction team is a big problem we must solve, therefore, this book discusses the relevant knowledge of construction technology in detail from eight chapters, including construction knowledge, construction technology, construction precautions, construction standards and methods of concrete and reinforcement, waterproof engineering, civil engineering and stone, construction engineering and decoration engineering, enumerating relevant cases to elaborate and analyze in detail and introducing the related contents of architectural technology knowledge as comprehensively as possible. in order to provide updated and comprehensive technical knowledge for the construction and later development of construction projects, and contribute to the innovation and development of building technology.
       Due to the large content of this book and the cumbersome knowledge involved, as well as the format, depth and span of each chapter are inconsistent, leading fallacies inevitable, so that the author hopes he can get criticism and correction from readers while communicating with them.

前 言

目前，我国整体的经济状况呈现出飞速发展的态势，建筑行业也因此日趋受到重视，成为我国经济发展行业当中重要的支柱性行业。建筑工程的质量好坏，直接影响人们的居住环境、城市化进程以及社会的可持续发展，因此建筑技术在建筑工程中起着尤为重要的作用。然而，如果想要提高我国建筑行业的竞争能力，就必须努力打造我国建筑行业中一支优秀的建设团队。
       如何提高建设团队的作战能力，是我们必须解决的一大问题。因此，本书从八个章节详细论述了有关建筑技术的相关知识，包括建筑知识、施工工艺、施工注意事项、混凝土与钢筋的施工标准及方法、防水工程、土建工程及石材、建筑工程以及装修工程。其中也不乏列举相关案例加以详细的阐述分析，尽可能全面地介绍了建筑技术知识的相关内容，以期能够为建筑工程的施工与后期发展提供更新、更全面的技术知识，为建筑技术的创新与发展添砖加瓦。
      由于本书包罗内容不较多，涉及知识较为烦琐，且各章节内容的格式、深度和广度也并不一致，谬误无可避免，希望在与广大读者交流学习的同时，能够得到广大读者的批评指正。

BIM (Building Information Modeling) technology is a kind of digital tool applied in building planning, design, construction, operation and management in the field of civil engineering. BIM can integrate all kinds of information in the whole life cycle of buildings, share and transmit information, provide collaborative work for all parties in the whole process of construction and operation, provide technical support for industrial chain connection and industrial construction, and create conditions for improving quality, efficiency, energy conservation and environmental protection of construction industry.
      The emergence of BIM has led to a new revolution in the construction industry. It breaks through the bottleneck of traditional design methods, adopts three-dimensional parametric design concept, defines three-dimensional model with a new method, and greatly improves the efficiency of the whole process of construction project from initial design, construction to later operation management. The value of BIM technology has been recognized by the owner, designer, constructor, etc. It can be predicted that BIM technology will make great progress in the future construction industry and lead the construction industry to a new height.
    Although BIM technology plays a revolutionary role in the construction industry, it is a new thing after all. Relevant technicians, such as design, construction and operation and maintenance personnel, do not have a comprehensive understanding of BIM technology. Civil engineering students in colleges and universities know little about BIM technology, which is far from the technical requirements and development trend of the whole industry. In order to integrate with industry development and market demand faster and better, it is necessary to make a thorough and detailed review of BIM technology research and application in civil engineering. Therefore, in the process of writing this book, starting from the origin and development of BIM, it analyzes the bottleneck problems in BIM promotion process, and looks forward to the development trend of BIM, in order to show the latest trend and achievements of civil engineering development, and contribute to the development of civil engineering, software engineering, information engineering and other disciplines.
      Due to the limited level of editors and the rush of time, there are inevitably some shortcomings in the book. The author sincerely hopes that teachers, students and readers will put forward valuable opinions and give criticism and correction, with a view to further revision and improvement.

前 言

       BIM（建筑信息模型）技术是一种在土木工程领域中应用于建筑物规划、设计、施工、运营以及管理等方面的数字化工具。 BIM 能整合建筑物全生命周期内的各种信息并进行信息的共享和传递， 为项目全过程各方建设及运营主体提供协同工作，为产业链贯通和工业化建造提供技术保障，为建筑业的提质增效、节能环保创造条件。
        建筑信息模型（Building Information Modeling， BIM）的出现，引发了建筑行业一场新革命，它突破了传统设计方法的瓶颈，采用三维参数化的设计理念，以一种全新的方法定义三维模型，使得建筑项目从初期设计、施工到后期运营管理的全过程效率都得到了大幅提升， BIM 技术的价值得到了业主方、设计方、施工方等的认可。可以预见 BIM 技术在未来建筑行业将取得长足发展，并引领建筑行业达到一个新的高度。
        虽然 BIM 技术对于建筑行业有着革命性的作用，但它毕竟是新生事物，设计、施工和运维等相关技术人员对它的认知还不够全面，高校土木类学生对这一技术也所知甚少，这一现状与整个行业的技术要求和发展趋势相距甚远，为了更快更好地与行业发展和市场需求相融合， 必要对 BIM 在土木工程中的技术研究与应用情况做深入细致的梳理。因此，本书在撰写过程中，从 BIM 的起源与发展出发，解析了BIM 推广过程中的瓶颈问题，并对 BIM 的发展趋势进行了展望，以期展现土木工程发展的最新态势和成就，为土木工程、软件工程和信息工程等学科的发展贡献绵薄之力。
       限于编者水平有限和时间仓促，书中难免存在不足之处，诚挚地希望广大师生与读者提出宝贵意见，给予批评指正，以期进一步修订完善。