“Mining and Environmental Treatment in Mining Area” is the mining technology that follows the principle of circular economy and green industry, form the coordination of mining and environment, and realize “low mining, high efficiency, low emission”. Green mining is the only way for the healthy development of coal industry. The purpose of compiling Mining and Environmental Treatment in Mining Area is to prevent or minimize the adverse effects of coal mining on the environment, so that the development of coal resources can achieve the best economic and environmental benefits.
   Mining and environmental treatment in mining area is an open and complex system, which needs to solve a lot of problems in basic theory, technology, system optimization, policies and regulations. These problems belong to the fields of natural science, engineering technology and social science. The research contents include: water conversation mining technology, land and building protection and ecological reconstruction technology, coal and gas coordinated mining technology, gas concentration and utilization technology, solid waste utilization technology, clean development and processing technology of mineral resources, ecological restoration technology of mine wasteland, evaluation on mineral development benefits and effects, resources and environment safety and monitoring and early warning in mining area, and mine resource establishment comprehensive development and mining eco industrial park optimization, eco mining system analysis, circular economy, etc. This book has described the main techniques and methods to solve these problems.

前 言

"矿区开采与环境治理”是一种遵循循环经济绿色工业的原则，形成开采与环境协调一致，实现“低开采、高效率、低排放”的开采技术。矿区绿色开采是煤炭工业健康发展的必由之路。编写《矿区开采与环境治理》，旨在防止或尽可能减轻煤矿开采对环境造成的不良影响，使煤炭资源开发能够取得最佳的经济效益和环境效益。
       矿区开采与环境治理是一个开放的复杂大系统，需解决大量基础理论、技术工艺、系统优化及政策法规等方面的问题。这些问题分属自然科学、工程技术与社会科学等领域。研究内容包括：保水开采技术、土地与建筑物保护与生态重建技术、煤与瓦斯协调开采技术、瓦斯浓缩利用技术、固体废弃物利用技术、矿产资源清洁开发与加工技术、矿区废弃地生态修复技术、矿产开发效益效果评价、矿区资源环境安全与监测预警、矿区资源立体综合开发与矿业生态工业园优化、生态矿业系统分析、循环经济等。本书阐述了解决这些问题的主要技术和方法。

As one of the pillar industries of national economy, construction industry will also develop rapidly. At present, some key projects of great significance and a large number of high-rise and super-high-rise buildings have been built all over the country. The construction technology has made great progress in solving the construction problems of major projects. It has been proved by practice that strengthening the research on the theory and application of construction technology is of great significance for improving the high-tech content of construction technology, completing large-scale engineering construction with high quality and high efficiency, promoting the popularization and application of efficient construction technology achievements in construction engineering, realizing the modernization of construction technology, and finally realizing the modernization of China’s construction industry.
  This book has analyzed the traditional construction site management theory and management status, pointed out the feasibility and necessity of strengthening management in the construction site management, and taken the construction site management theory as the guidance to improve the management status and ensure the quality of construction projects.
  Based on the summary of various engineering application practices, combined with the current national standards, specifications and construction industry regulations, this book has focused on the quality control of construction acceptance batch and the prevention of possible common quality problems, analyzed and introduced the effective technical measures which have been proved to meet the acceptance standard.

前 言

建筑业作为国家经济支柱产业之一也将迅速发展。目前，全国各地已先后建造了一些具有重大意义的重点工程和一大批高层、超高层建筑。建筑施工技术在解决重大项目的施工难题的科研攻关中得到了长足发展。实践证明，加强建筑施工技术理论与应用的研究对于提高施工技术的高科技含量，高质量、高效率地完成大型工程建设， 促进高效的施工技术成果在建筑工程中的推广应用， 实现施工技术现代化，并最终实现我国建筑业的现代化具有重要意义。
       本书对传统建筑施工现场管理理论及管理现状进行了分析，指出在施工现场管理中强化管理的可行性和必要性，并以施工现场管理理论为指导，改善管理现状，保证建筑工程质量。
       本书在各类工程应用实践总结的基础上，结合现行的国家标准、规范、建筑行业规程，以施工验收批质量控制和防治可能出现的质量通病为主，分析并介绍了实践证明符合验收标准且行之有效的技术措施。

With the development of information society, tremendous changes are taking place in the way of human existence, life style and behavior. As the basic facilities of the information society, the computer network information system has been developed and applied to various fields of the national economy and various aspects of social life. It has become an indispensable part of national affairs, economic construction and other important fields and people’s daily lives. Computer network information system deeply influences and improves people’s lives.
  However, the inherent vulnerability of the computer network information system itself makes the information system security problems everywhere, people’s production and life order are also affected or destroyed. Therefore, the information system security problem has become an important threat to the information society. In order to reduce the security risks faced by computer information networks, we must adopt corresponding technical measures to protect network equipment and program data. For computer network information security and protection technology, it belongs to an auxiliary technology of computer network. Because of the existence of such network technology, users can ensure that the relevant network information will not be stolen when they use the computer network. However, due to the continuous development of modern science and technology, more and more criminals use the network to steal information, so as to achieve the purpose of crime. Therefore, the research and upgrading of computer network security and protection technology has been very urgent.

前 言

随着信息社会的发展，人类的生存方式、生活方式和行为方式正发生着巨大的变化。计算机网络信息系统作为信息社会的基础性设施，已发展应用到国民经济的各个领域和社会生活的各个方面，成为国家事务、经济建设等重要领域和人们日常生活必不可少的组成部分，深深地影响并改善着人们的生活。
      但是，计算机网络信息系统本身所固有的脆弱性使得信息系统安全问题无处不有、无时不在，人们的生产生活秩序也随之受到影响或破坏，信息系统安全问题也因此成为信息社会所面临的重要威胁。为了低计算机信息网络所面临的安全风险，
我们必须采取相应的技术手段，保护网络设备和程序数据。对于计算机网络信息安全及防护技术而言，其属于计算机网络的一项辅助技术，正是因为存在着这样的网络技术，用户在对计算机网络进行使用时才能够保证相关的网络信息不被窃取，然而，由于现今科技的不断发达，越来越多的不法分子利用网络进行信息窃取，进而达到犯罪目的，所以，针对于计算机网络安全及防护技术的研究与升级，已经刻不容缓。

Highway bridge engineering construction project is a one-off project, which is characterized by large scale, many variable factors, strong liquidity of construction unit and fierce industry competition. These characteristics require that the project management must be strengthened, so that highway construction enterprises can set up construction
organization, set up construction team and organize project implementation process according to project management requirements. At the same time, we should ensure that the project progress, quality, labor, machinery, materials, cost, safety, environment, data, completion acceptance and other aspects can be coordinated and well controlled, so as to ensure the smooth completion of the project.

At the same time, in order to ensure the construction quality, our country has carried out the highway engineering supervision system, which is an important content of our country’s highway and bridge infrastructure construction management system reform, and is an effective measure to improve the investment efficiency and construction management level. With the rapid development of national highway, the demand for highway engineering supervision technical personnel is increasing, so it is urgent to cultivate a certain number of qualified highway engineering supervision personnel. The main task of supervision in the construction stage is that the supervision engineer must grasp the work of “five control, two management and one coordination” from the perspective of organization, technology, contract and economy, that is, quality control, safety control, environmental protection control, cost control, progress control, contract management, information management and organization coordination.
  In addition, with the emergence of new technology, new technology, new equipment and new materials, the requirements for highway engineering personnel are higher and higher. The professional level and management ability of the technical personnel in the basic construction organization of highway engineering has become the key to the orderly, efficient and high-quality completion of highway engineering construction projects. In view of this situation, we compiled Highway Bridge Engineering and Construction Project Management to facilitate the use of highway engineering personnel.

前 言

公路桥梁工程施工项目属于一次性工程，其特点是规模大、变动因素多、施工单位流动性强、行业竞争激烈，这些特性要求必须加大项目的管理工作，使公路施工企业按照项目管理要求设置施工组织机构，组建施工队伍，对工程项目实施过程组织。同时，又要保证工程进度、质量、劳动、机械、材料、成本、安全、环境、资料、竣工验收等方面能相互协调，并得到很好的控制，以保证项目顺利完成。
       同时，为保障施工质量，我国推行了公路工程监理制度，这是我国公路桥梁基本建设管理体制改革的一项重要内容， 是提高投资效益和施工管理水平的有效措施。随着国家高速公路的迅速发展，对公路工程监理技术人员的需求不断增加，培养一定数量的合格的公路工程监理人员已迫在眉睫。工程施工阶段监理的主要任务是，监理工程师必须从组织、技术、合同和经济的角度抓好“五控、两管、一协调”工作，即质量控制、安全控制、环境保护控制、费用控制、进度控制、合同管理、信息管理和组织协调。
       此外，新技术新工艺、新设备、新材料的不断涌现，对公路工程人员的要求越来越高。公路工程基层施工组织中的技术人员的业务水平和管理能力的高低，已经成为公路工程建设项目能否有序、高效、高质量完成的关键。针对这种情况，我们编写了《公路桥梁工程与施工项目管理》，以方便公路工程人员使用。

With the development of economy, the construction industry has also made rapid development, and in the social economy, the construction industry occupies a very important position. In recent years, people pay more attention to the whole process of construction cost, but some problems will appear in the process of cost management, which has a certain impact on the development of construction economy. In the construction management, the cost is an important part, which plays an important role in controlling the project funds. Only scientific and reasonable cost control can promote the development of construction economy.
  At the present stage, the continuous development of market economy intensifies the competition among enterprises to a certain extent. If a construction enterprise wants to achieve long-term sustainable development in the fierce competitive environment, it must enhance its own strength. However, as far as the current construction enterprises are concerned, there are still some problems in cost management in some small and medium-sized enterprises, which greatly reduces the economic benefits of enterprises. With the rapid development of economy, people pay more and more attention to the project cost. In the process of construction economic management, it is a very important part, which is directly related to the project cost, investment control and project efficiency.

前 言

随着经济的发展，建筑行业也取得了迅速的发展，而在社会经济中，建筑行业占据着非常重要的地位。近年来，人们对全过程的建筑工程造价关注度有所提高，但由于造价管理过程中会出现一些问题，对建筑经济的发展产生了一定的影响。而建筑管理中，造价是重要的组成部分，对工程的资金具有重要控制作用。只有科学合理的对造价进行控制，才能促进建筑经济的发展。
      现阶段，市场经济的不断发展在一定程度上加剧了各企业之间的竞争，而一个建筑企业要想在激烈的竞争环境中取得长期可持续发展，就必须将自身实力提升上来。然而，就当下建筑企业的实际来看，在部分中小企业中还存在成本管理方面的问题，以至于大大降低了企业的经济效益。随当前经济快速发展，人们越来越重视工程造价问题。在建筑经济管理的过程中，这是非常重要的一个组成部分，直接关系到工程成本、投资控制以及工程效益等。