Due to the sustained development of the global economy, China’s industrialization and scientific level have been improved. Since the development of the 1940s, people’s travel requirements no longer just stay on the road, but pay more attention to the construction quality of multiple travel projects such as roads and bridges, so as to greatly
improve the convenience of people’s travel.
    For the current highway bridge construction process, its own level has been developed to a certain extent. Taking the overpass as an example, this paper analyzes its own construction foundation and development status. The construction technology of bridge rotation plays an important role. At the same time, the research on the trend of large-span and large tonnage of swivel bridges is gradually starting. But according to the current situation of our country, compared with developed countries, there is still a certain gap in the theory of rotary construction technology, and there is no more perfect normative document. Therefore, in order to promote the bridge construction in China to a better direction, it is necessary to understand the core content of the rotary construction technology from the theoretical point of view.
    Therefore, this book elaborates and analyzes the highway engineering and bridge construction from 13 chapters, and discusses the current construction technology, hoping to promote the development and progress of the road and Bridge cause in China.

前 言

由于全球经济的持续发展， 中国工业化及科学水平得到提升。 上世纪 40 年代发展至今，人们对于出行要求不单单停留在“有路走就行”，而更加注重公路、桥梁等多个出行工程的施工质量，进而大幅度提升人们出行的便捷性。

对于当前公路桥梁的建设过程而言，自身水平得到了一定程度的发展，为此以跨线桥为例，针对性分析其自身建设基础与发展现状。桥梁转体施工技术有着极为重要的作用，同时当前转体桥梁也逐渐开始向大跨度与大吨位的趋势研究。但根据我国当前的现状，针对转体施工技术的相关理论与发达国家还存在一定差距，也没有较为完善的规范性文件，所以为推动我国桥梁施工朝更好的方向迈进，必须从理论的角度了解转体施工技术需要具备的核心内容。
      因此，本书从十三章内容对公路工程与桥梁施工进行阐述与分析，对当前的施工技术进行谈论，希望能够促进我国路桥事业的发展与进步。

In today’s society, what people need most is a healthy body and mind, but due to various factors, some people will also produce a variety of diseases. And some of these diseases will make patients have severe pain, seriously affect the treatment of patients’ diseases and patients’ rehabilitation life, and even affect patients’ mental health, resulting in mental illness. In order to treat patients better, we must first reduce the pain of patients. Therefore, the treatment and rehabilitation of pain in various diseases are of great significance to the treatment of patients.
    People in daily life and work will be faced with a variety of pain disorders, affecting the normal state of life. Pain medicine has a wide range, the more common ones are head pain, neck pain, shoulder pain, chest and back pain, waist and buttock pain, limb joint pain and various other pain, the vast majority of people have experienced the interference of the above pain. Therefore, it is of great significance for the development of medicine to continuously improve the research of pain medicine, update the examination and evaluation techniques of pain medicine, improve the management mode of pain medicine, and improve the rehabilitation treatment and nursing level of pain medicine, which is also conducive to the physical and mental health of people and the harmonious development of society.

前 言

在当今社会中，人们最需要的就是一个健康的身体和心理，但由于各种因素，部分人也会产生各种各样的疾病。且其中部分疾病会使得病人产生剧烈的疼痛感，严重影响了对病人疾病的治疗以及病人的康复生活， 甚至还会影响病人的心理健康，产生心理疾病。要想更好的对病人进行治疗，首先就要减轻病人的疼痛感。因此，各种疾病中的疼痛治疗和疼痛康复对病人的治疗有着重要的意义。
        人们在日常生活和工作当中会面临着各种疼痛疾病的困扰，影响了正常的生活状态。疼痛医学的范围较广，较为常见的有头部疼痛、颈部疼痛、肩部疼痛、胸背部疼痛、腰臀部疼痛、四肢关节疼痛以及各种其他疼痛，绝大多数人都经历过以上几种疼痛的干扰，因此，不断提高对疼痛医学的研究，更新疼痛医学检查和评定技术方法，改善疼痛医学管理模式，提高疼痛医学的康复治疗和护理水平，对医学的发展有着重要的意义，也有利于人们的身心健康，促进社会的和谐发展。

With the improvement and development of China’s market economy mechanism,China’s infrastructure construction is also significantly enhanced, especially the investment in highway transportation facilities, which provides a rare development opportunity for highway construction units. At the same time, it also puts forward higher requirements for more highway construction units, and people pay special attention to the improvement of project quality in the construction link and management. This is not only related to the overall image of the enterprise, but also related to the safety of people’s life and property. Therefore, only by strengthening the quality of highway bridges, can we make the construction of highway bridges more scientific and standardized.
    Although in recent years, China’s highway construction has made great progress, especially the construction technology and management level have been developed to a certain extent. However, there are still many deficiencies in many aspects, among which the quality problem of highway is the most prominent. Different from other construction projects, highway construction is a highly complex and important project. On the other hand, on the basis of ensuring the construction progress, we should be able to control the cost of highway construction as much as possible, and at the same time, we should be able to strictly meet the quality requirements of highway bridges. If we can’t supervise and manage the construction of highway bridge effectively, it is likely to cause some hidden dangers to the safety of highway. Therefore, this paper discusses the development of highway, subgrade engineering, pavement engineering, special subgrade engineering, asphalt pavement engineering, cement concrete pavement engineering construction technology, construction machinery, construction methods, project management and bridge engineering construction and management.

前 言

随着我国市场经济机制的完善和发展，我国的基础设施建设力度也明显增多，特别是对于公路交通设施基础上的投资力度也明显增强，这给予公路建设单位提供了不可多得的发展机遇。同时也给更多的公路建设单位提出了更高的要求。尤其是对施工环节和管理方面能够特别注重工程质量的提升，这不仅仅是关系到企业的整体形象，更是关系到人民的生命和财产安全，所以，只有加强公路桥梁的质量，才有促使我国公路桥梁的工程施工更加的科学化和规范化。
       尽管在近些年来我国公路建设取得长足进步，特别在施工技术和管理层面上都得到一定的发展。但是在很多的方面还是存着不足之处。而其中主要是公路的质量问题是最突出的，在公路建设方面与其他的建设工程不同，这是一项具有高度复杂性和重要性的工程项目，从另外一方面来说，在保证施工进度的基础上要能够尽可能控制好公路建设的成本支出，同时还要能够严格满足公路桥梁的质量要求。如果不能对公路桥梁施工环节进行有效监督和管理，这就很有可能给公路的安全造成一定的隐患。为此，本文从当前我国的公路的发展、路基工程、路面工程、特殊路基工程、沥青路面工程、水泥混凝土路面工程施工技术、施工机械、施工方法以及项目管理和桥梁工程施工与管理等方面展开论述。

With the development of global economic integration, the research on quality issues has become the focus now. The quality development strategy has become an important part of China’s strategic development. How to improve the quality has become an important task for China’s development. The level of quality shows the comprehensive level of a country’s economy, science and technology, education and other aspects. With the improvement of people’s living standard, enjoying quality has become people’s desire now. Therefore, we should strengthen the construction, supervision and management of quality to promote the economic development of our country and lay a solid foundation for the growth of China’s economic strength.
    This paper starts with the concept of quality supervision, expounds the basic knowledge of quality supervision, and then describes the methods and significance of food quality inspection. And this paper expounds the quality audit and certification, including product quality and laboratory certification, and describes the impact of quality on cost management. This paper discusses the quality management from the perspective of customer demand, and briefly describes the management of service quality, including the definition, mode, system, etc. This paper expounds the division of responsibility and obligation of product quality, and finally describes the improvement of quality, including steps, contents, tools and so on. This paper hopes to provide useful reference for readers, and use the contents of this book in the work of quality supervision and management.

前 言

随着经济全球一体化的发展，对于质量问题的研究也成为现在的重点，质量发展战略已经成为我国战略发展的重要部分，如何提高质量成为现在我国发展的重要任务。质量水平的高低展现了一个国家经济、科技、教育等方面的综合水平。随着人们生活水平的提高，享受质量也成了人们现在的愿望。所以要加强对于质量的建设、监督和管理，促进我国的经济发展。为我国经济实力的壮大打下坚实的基础。
        本文首先从质量监督的概念着手，阐述了质量监督的基本知识；然后又讲述了食品质量检验的方法和意义；对于质量的审核和认证做了阐述包括产品质量、实验室的认证；讲述了质量对于成本管理方面需要注意的问题；从顾客需求角度讲述了质量的管理；对于服务质量的管理做了简单阐述包括定义、模式、体系等；对于产品质量的责任和义务划分做了阐述；最后讲述了质量的改进，包括步骤、内容、工具等等。希望能给读者提供有用的参考意见，在质量监督与管理的工作中能够用到本书的内容。

Road construction enterprises are facing fierce and even cruel competition and challenges. Under the planned economy system, local protection and industry protection no longer exist. Survival of the fittest is the rule of market economy. Road construction enterprises only need benefits from management and survive by management. As a very important task, improving the management level of enterprises as soon as possible is put in front of the managers of highway construction enterprises.
     Highway engineering construction project is a one-time project, which is characterized by large scale, many variable factors, strong mobility of construction units and fierce competition in the industry. These characteristics require that the management of the project must be strengthened, so that the highway construction enterprises can set up the construction organization, set up the construction team and organize the implementation process of the project according to the requirements of the project management. At the same time, it is necessary to ensure that the progress, quality, labor, machinery, materials, cost, safety, environment, data, completion acceptance and other aspects of the project can be coordinated with each other and well controlled to ensure the smooth completion of the project. At the same time, with the continuous emergence of new technology, new process, new equipment and new materials, the requirements for highway engineering personnel are higher and higher. The professional level and management ability of technical personnel in the basic construction organization of highway engineering have become the key to the orderly, efficient and high-quality completion of highway engineering construction projects. This book mainly starts from the concept of project management, and deeply analyzes the organization management, cost management, progress management, quality management, contract management, safety management and information management in project management, so as to better provide project management services and improve the construction efficiency of the whole construction project.

前 言

公路施工企业面临激烈甚至残酷的竞争和挑战，计划经济体制下的地方保护、行业保护不复存在， 优胜劣汰是市场经济的规则， 公路施工企业只有向管理要效益，靠管理求生存。尽快提高企业的经营管理水平，作为一项非常重要的任务摆在了公路施上企业管理者的面前。
      公路工程施工项目属于一次性工程，其特点是规模大、变动因素多、施工单位流动性强、行业竞争激烈，这些特性要求必须加大项目的管理工作，使公路施工企业按照项目管理要求设置施工组织机构， 组建施工队伍， 对工程项目实施过程组织。 同时，又要保证工程进度、质量、劳动、机械、材料、成本、安全、环境、资料、竣工验收等方面能相互协调，并得到很好的控制，以保证项目顺利完成。同时，新技术、新工艺、新设备、新材料的不断涌现，对公路工程人员的要求越来越高。公路工程基层施工组织中的技术人员的业务水平和管理能力的高低， 已经成为公路工程建设项目能否有序、高效、高质量完成的关键。本书主要从项目管理的概念入手，深入分析工程项目管理中的组织管理、费用管理、进度管理、 质量管理、合同管理、安全管理和信息管理，从而更好地提供项目管理服务，提高整个建筑工程的施工效率。