China’s construction industry has experienced 40 years of extensive and rapid development since the Reform and Opening up. Now it is facing great adjustment. The construction industry is currently in the stage of large cycle decline and small cycle nesting and overlapping. During the 13th Five Year Plan period, it will remain in the consolidation stage. China’s construction enterprises are in the critical period of transformation and reform. On the other hand, the construction industry also faces more development opportunities during the 13th Five Year Plan period. Engineering cost management is a major professional basic course of engineering management and civil engineering. It is a comprehensive engineering technology, involving a wide range of knowledge and a large scope. With the deepening of the reform of engineering management system in China, the system, method and content of engineering cost management and construction management have been greatly improved, and many relevant specifications have been innovated. In this context, the content of project cost management and construction management should also be adjusted appropriately, with the combination of theory and practice as the benchmark goal, so as to cultivate application-oriented talents with solid theoretical basis.
      This book studies and analyzes the construction project cost and construction management, and explains in detail, including the explanation of the relevant contents of the project cost; what constitutes the project cost; pricing basis and mode of project cost; composition and calculation of construction cost; construction management; how to control construction cost and construction schedule; how to control the construction quality.

前 言

我国建筑行业经历了自改革开放至今 40 年的粗放型快速发展阶段， 现在正面临较大调整，建筑业目前正处于大周期下滑、小周期筑底的嵌套重叠阶段，在“十三五”期间都将保持在盘整阶段，我国建筑企业处于转型改革的关键时期。另一方面，建筑行业在“十三五”期间也面临更多的发展机遇。工程造价管理是工程管理类以及土木工程类主要的专业基础课程，是一门综合工程技术、牵涉的知识面广、范围大，而随着我国工程管理制度改革的不断深化，工程造价管理和施工管理体制、方法和内容也有了很大的改进，许多相关规范纷纷推陈出新，在此背景下，工程造价管理和施工管理的内容也应进行适当调整，以理论结合实践，以培养具有扎实理论基础的应用型人才为基准目标。
       本书对建设工程造价和施工管理进行研究分析并详细说明，研究内容包括对工程造价相关内容的解释说明；工程造价由哪些构成；工程造价的计价依据与计价模式；对建设工程造价构成与计算；施工管理；怎么样进行施工成本控制和对施工进度进行控制；对施工质量如何控制。

With the ringing of the bell in the new century, human beings have crossed the threshold of the 21st century. In the new century, how to do a good job in the protection of forest resources, for China, which starts to build a well-off society in an all-round way, is a major event related to the fundamental interests of the whole nation. It has been proved that the poor protection of forest resources will not only damage the ecosystem, worsen the natural environment and intensify the soil erosion, but also cause land desertification, flood and other natural disasters. Under the new situation, China must coordinate the relationship between the development of forest resources and the protection of forest resources. Starting from the problems, especially the problem of burning forest resources wantonly in some rural areas of modern China has been restricting the protection level of forest resources in China. 

Based on this, this paper is mainly written from two aspects, the first part introducesthe general situation of forest resources; the forestry policy and management system of contemporary China; the forestry construction and the evolution of forest rights of contemporary China; the forestry science and technology and education of contemporary China. The second part mainly focuses on the coordination of forest resources protection and agricultural development, looking for the road of harmonious development of forestry and agriculture, including: the function and benefit of protective forest system for different agricultural environmental protection; agroforestry complex economy; firewood forest and rural energy

前 言 

随着新世纪钟声的敲响，人类跨人了 21 世纪的门槛。在新世纪，如何搞好森林资源的保护工作，对于开始全面建设小康社会的中国来说，是关系到整个民族根本利益的一件大事。事实雄辩证明:森林资源保护工作搞不好，不仅会使生态系统受到破坏，自然环境变得恶劣，水土流失不断加剧，而且也是造成土地沙漠化、洪涝灾害和其他自然灾害的原因之一。在新形势下，我国必须要协调好林业资源开发与森林资源保护之间的关系，从问题着手，尤其是现代我国部分农村存在的肆意焚烧林业资源的问题一直制约我国森林资源的保护水平。

基于此，本文主要从两个角度对本文展开撰写，其中，第一部分介绍了森林资源概况；当代中国的林业方针与管理体制；当代中国林业建设与林权演变；当代中国的林业科技与教育等内容。第二部分则主要针对森林资源保护与农业发展协调性的问题展开探究，寻找林业与农业和谐发展的道路，其内容包含：防护林体系对不同农业环境保护的功能和效益；农林业复合经济；薪炭林与农村能源。

“Financial management” is a management discipline that studies how to manage the capital movement through planning, decision-making, control, assessment, supervision and other management activities, so as to improve the capital efficiency. It is a knowledge system formed by scientific summary of financial management work of enterprises and departments of national economy under the guidance of economic principles and economic management theories, combined with relevant issues of organizing productivity and dealing with production relations. Financial management is the product of modern socialized mass production. As a traditional accounting which provides financial reports to the outside world, with the change of technology and economic environment, its theory and practice are also developing. First of all, the rapid development of information technology has brought opportunities for the modernization of financial accounting, and the emergence of many information disclosure tools has also brought unprecedented competitive pressure to financial accounting. Traditional financial accounting is facing the challenge of how to adapt to the new technology environment in order to survive and develop; secondly, the rapid development of the capital market in recent years has become the main driving force for the reform and development of financial accounting in China. Listed companies have large scale, complex business, endless organizational design and business innovation, which constantly put forward new topics for financial accounting practice, and of course, also bring impetus to the development of financial accounting theory.
     In the course of compiling, the author has read many excellent teaching materials and related materials, and absorbed and absorbed the essence. The author hereby expresses his heartfelt thanks to the authors concerned. Due to the limited level of editors, it is inevitable that there are some mistakes and irregularities in the book, so readers are requested to give criticism and correction.

前 言

“财务管理”是研究如何通过计划、决策、控制、考核、监督等管理活动对资金运动进行管理，以提高资金效益的一门经营管理学科。它是以经济学原理和经济管理理论为指导，结合组织生产力和处理生产关系的有关问题，对企业和国民经济各部门财务管理工作进行科学总结而形成的知识体系。财务管理工作是近代社会化大生产的产物。财务会计作为传统的对外提供财务报告的会计，随着技术和经济环境的变化，其理论和实务也在发展。首先，信息技术的日新月异为财务会计工作的现代化带来了机遇，众多信息披露工具的出现也给财务会计带来了前所未有的竞争压力，传统的财务会计面临如何适应新技术环境的挑战，以求得生存和发展；其次，近年来资本市场的迅猛发展，业已成为我国财务会计改革和发展的主要动力，上市
公司规模大，业务复杂，组织设计和业务创新层出不穷，不断给财务会计实务提出新的课题，当然也给财务会计理论的发展带来了动力。
       在编写过程中，参阅了许多优秀教材和相关资料，借鉴、吸收了其中的精华，在此特向有关作者表示衷心感谢。由于编者水平有限，书中难免存在一些错误和不妥之处，恳请读者给予批评指正。

Engineering construction and technology is an important part of the construction project objectives of the highway construction industry. The realization of reliable construction quality, efficient efficiency and personal safety of participants is not only related to the construction environment of the project, but also to the management mode of the construction project. However, in China’s highway construction industry, the current situation and management effect of construction technology management are not optimistic, the construction efficiency is low, the progress is slow, and the waste of personnel and property is serious. The main reason for this phenomenon is that the construction and technical management are not comprehensive enough and standardized management is not carried out, which makes some management not well implemented.
        The technical operation process and operation specifications in the construction process are closely related to the quality of the project and the safety of the construction personnel. Although our country has begun to attach importance to the construction of construction site construction operation management system, and initially established the corresponding construction manual and management system, but these manual and system are not well implemented in the actual construction process due to various reasons, resulting in the reduction of construction management role and construction management confusion. And it has a negative impact on the survival of enterprises and the overall development of highway engineering construction industry.
     Therefore, this book analyzes the contemporary highway engineering construction and technology from nine chapters, and analyzes the reasons for the current situation of highway engineering construction in China, so as to ensure the smooth progress of highway construction in China.

前 言

工程施工及技术是公路建设行业施工项目目标的重要组成部分。可靠的施工质量、高效的效率和参与人员人身安全的目标实现，不仅与项目施工环境有关，也和施工项目的管理方式有关。然而，在我国公路建设施工行业里，施工技术管理现状及管理效果不容乐观，施工效率低、进度慢，人员和财产浪费比较严重。造成这种现象的主要原因在于施工及技术管理不够全面，没有进行标准化管理，从而使得某些管理没有得到很好的落实。
        施工过程中的技术操作流程、操作规范与工程项目的质量及施工人员的安全息息相关。虽然我国已经开始重视施工现场施工操作管理体系的建设，也初步建立了相应的施工手册和管理体系，但是这些手册和体系在实际的施工过程中由于各种原因没有很好地执行，导致施工管理作用降低和施工管理的混乱，对企业的生存和公路工程施工行业的整体发展产生负面影响。
        因此，本书从九章内容对当代的公路工程施工与技术进行分析，对我国公路工程施工现状进行原因剖析，以保证我国公路建设事业的顺利进行。

This book introduces the new concept of coal mine mechanical and electrical management, coal mine mechanical and electrical management system, coal mine mechanical and electrical safety assessment standard, coal mine production capacity verification, coal mine ventilation, pressure, drainage, lifting and transportation equipment selection calculation, three major protections, mechanical and electrical equipment integrity standard, coal mine mechanical and electrical equipment maintenance technical specifications, major production safety accidents and emergency rescue plan, selection and compilation of typical mechanical and electrical accidents in coal mines, etc. This book not only covers the necessary knowledge of mechanical and electrical management personnel, but also looks forward to the development concept of coal mine with the combination of coal mine automation informationization, which has certain guidance, practicability and scientific nature.

This book is full and accurate, practical and convenient for reference. It is a rare reference book for managers at all levels in mine, department, district and team of coal mine mechanical and electrical major. This book can be used as a reference for coal mine mechanical and electrical management personnel and engineering technicians, as well as for other professional coal mine management personnel.

前 言

本书介绍了煤矿机电管理的新理念，煤矿机电管理制度，煤矿机电安全评价考核标准，煤矿生产能力核定，煤矿通、压、排、提、运设备选型计算，三大保护，机电设备完好标准，煤矿机电设备检修技术规范，重特大生产安全事故及突发事件应急救援预案，煤矿典型机电事故案例选编等内容。本书不仅涵盖了机电管理人员必备的知识，还结合煤矿自动化信息化对煤矿的发展理念进行了展望，具有一定的指导性、实用性和科学性。
     本书内容详实，实用性强，查阅方便，是煤矿机电专业矿、处、区、队各级管理人员不可多得的一本参考书。本书可供煤矿机电管理人员及工程技术人员参考使用，也可供煤矿其他专业管理人员学习借鉴。