建筑信息模型（Building Information Modeling）是以建筑工程项目的各项相关信息数据作为基础，建立起三维的建筑模型， 通过数字信息仿真模拟建筑物所具有的真实信息。它具有信息完备性、信息关联性、信息一致性、 可视化、协调性、模拟性、优化性和可出图性八大特点，将建设单位、设计单位、施工单位、监理单位等项目参与方在同一平台上，共享同一建筑信息模型， 利于项目可视化、精细化建造。
       现代大中型建设项目一般都具有投资金额大、建设周期长、参与单位多、项目复杂程度高、 全生命周期信息量大等特点， 传统的项目管理方法就显得力不从心了。BIM 技术的应用在一定程度上解决了这一问题。随着 BIM 技术的不断发展和完善，已有很多 BIM 应用的成功案例。相信随着 BIM 相关理论和实践技术的不断发展，将会为建筑行业带来更大的惊喜。
      鉴于以上的建筑业 BIM 行业形势，建筑信息化要求，明确提出：技术的研究与应用应该从原有的设计阶段向施工阶段扩展，加大两者之间的交流，从而减少过程中产生的信息流失程度；如何将技术与多维的项目管理进行集成，以便应用在大型的项目基于技术的建筑工程成本管理系统工程施工，实现项目全生命周期可视化信息管理。同时为了培养技术方面的专业人员，工程硕士班也在国内的相关大学中建立了起来。在行业内，已经从前期的设计院、 施工单位和咨询单位过渡到业主方面，更多的业主通过技术来完成项目的管理，各大房地产公司也在努力将技术应用到企业中去，并以此作为企业未来的核心竞争力。
       目前， 国内 BIM 应用正在不断发展， 形势一片大好， 加快建筑信息模型（BIM） 、基于网络的协同工作等新技术在工程中的应用，推动信息化标准建设的目标，同时启动中国 BIM 标准的制订工作。我国政府这一系列的措施必定对我国的 BIM 应用产生巨大的推动作用。在当前 BIM 正蓬勃发展的大好形势下，对我国应用 BIM 的过程中在理论上和实践上所收获的很多成果进行总结和整理， 无疑对推动 BIM 在下一阶段的应用和发展是大有裨益的。

The quality of a construction project is not only related to the applicability of the project and the investment effect of the construction project, but also to the people’s life and property safety. The process of engineering construction is the process of quality formation. Persisting in handling work in accordance with project construction procedures and controlling the quality of each stage of the construction process is the key to ensuring project quality. The characteristics of construction project quality are determined by the characteristics of the construction project itself and the characteristics of construction production.
      Based on the above characteristics of the construction project, the quality of the construction project itself has the following characteristics:
       1. There are many influencing factors. The quality of construction projects is affected by many factors such as design level, quality of materials, advanced construction methods, technical measures, personnel quality, and construction period.
     2. Quality concealment. In the construction process of construction projects, there are many hidden projects and many crossovers between working procedures. Therefore, the engineering quality has great concealment.
     3. Limitations of final inspection. After the project is completed, it is impossible to judge the product quality by final inspection like general industrial products, or to disassemble the product to check its internal quality. Therefore, the final inspection of the project has great limitations.
       Project cost control runs through the whole process of construction project decision-making, design, bidding, construction, and completion acceptance. In the construction project, the quality of the project is closely related to the project cost. Cost control and quality improvement are the direction for all construction projects to make every effort. On the surface, project cost and project quality seem to be a contradictory complex. Therefore, it is planned to write the book Modern Building Construction and Cost. The construction and construction cost are classified and explained, and the influence relationship between the two is actively studied. The author hopes to provide a certain reference for the majority of the same industry.

前 言

建设工程质量不仅关系工程的适用性和建设项目的投资效果，而且关系到人民群众的生命和财产安全。工程建筑过程就是质量的形成过程，坚持并严格按照工程建设程序办事，把好建设过程中各个阶段的质量关，是保证工程质量的关键。建筑工程质量的特点是由建设工程本身的特性和建设生产特点决定的。
        基于建设工程以上特点形成了建筑工程质量本身具有以下特点：
        1.影响因素多。建筑工程质量，受到设计水平、材料好坏、施工方法先进与否、技术措施是否到位、人员素质的高低、工期等多因素的影响。
        2.质量隐蔽性。建设工程在施工过程中， 隐蔽工程特别多、时间产品特别多、工序交接交叉多。因此，工程质量存在很大的隐蔽性。
        3..终检的局限性。工程项目建成后，不可能像一般工业产品一样靠终检来判断产品质量，或将产品拆卸、解体来检查其内在的质量，因此工程项目终检具有很大的局限性。
        工程造价控制贯穿于建设项目决策、设计、招投标、施工、竣工验收等阶段的全过程。而建筑工程中与工程造价密切相关的是工程质量的好坏。造价的控制以及质量提高都是任何建筑工程千方百计进行努力的方向，表面上看工程造价与工程质量似乎是矛盾的综合体，所以拟撰写《现代建筑施工建设与造价》一书，对建筑施工与施工造价进行分类阐释，积极研究两者之间的影响关系，希望能够为广大同行业者提供一定的参考。

The construction industry promotes economic development and improves people’s production and living environment. In the period of rapid development of the construction industry, quality and safety accidents are prone to occur in the construction management, which lead to the rise of project cost, delay of construction period, casualties and other situations, and affect the completion of the project.
      However, as the economy develops faster and faster, the drawbacks of various industries have also emerged. As the foundation of the people’s “living”, the construction industry has always adhered to the principle of “quality as the foundation, to be stable and orderly. However, it can be obtained from the news media and various channels that jerry-built projects have appeared more and more frequently in recent years, and many people are worried about this. In this case, it is particularly important to improve the construction technology level of construction projects and strengthen on-site construction management, thereby enhancing the quality of housing construction.
        With the continuous improvement of the current urbanization level and the continuous expansion of the scale of the city, the quality of construction projects has received more and more attention. Under the development of modern economy, the quality of various construction projects has received more and more attention from all walks of life, so the market competition of construction projects has become more and more intense. Only by continuously improving the quality of construction projects and meeting the needs of the people can the sustainable and stable development of the modern construction industry be realized.

前 言

建筑业促进经济发展的同时并改善人民生产和生活环境，在建筑行业突飞猛进的时期，施工管理中容易发生的质量、安全等事故，导致工程造价上升、工期延误、人员伤亡等情况出现，影响工程按时完成。
        建筑行业作为经济建设的基础行业也使首当其冲。但是发展得越快，各个行业的弊端也就随之显现出来，建筑行业作为人民的衣、食、住、行中的“住”的基础，一直都奉行着质量为根本的原则，稳固而有序的发展，但是，从新闻媒体及各个渠道都可得到，近年来豆腐渣工程出现的越来越频繁，许多人因此而产生担忧。在这种情况下，提高建筑工程施工技术水平，加强现场施工管理，从而增强房屋建筑的质量，就显得尤为重要。
        随着当前城镇化水平的不断提升，城市规模不断扩大，相关建筑工程质量受到了越来越多的关注，尤其是在现代经济发展之下，更是加大了对于各类建筑工程项目的质量重视，因此也就使得建筑工程的市场竞争力变得越来越大。只有不断提升建筑工程质量， 满足人民群众的需求， 才能实现现代化建筑行业的可持续稳定发展。

Archives record people’s important information in various social activities, which is a very important information resource. For a long time, file information is mainly recorded in paper materials, but paper materials are not easy to save, there is a great risk of damage, and the query is inconvenient, and the use effect is not good.
         With the rapid development of science and information technology, information resources have achieved digital storage, especially in the information age, archives from paper information into digital information has become an important work content of archives management. Compared with paper storage information, digital information has incomparable advantages in both query and storage. Therefore, the realization of archives informatization is the only way of archives management.
      Accelerating the construction of archives informatization is one of the important contents of China’s informatization construction, and it is also the requirement of strengthening the standardized management of archives, realizing the scientific management of archives, and realizing the socialized service of archives information. Therefore, all departments should increase the capital investment in the construction of archives informatization, improve the basic equipment of archives informatization construction, and speed up the pace of establishing archives database and digital archives.
      This book starts from the basic content of archives management, through understanding the basic work of archives management, deeply analyzes the future situation of archives information construction, and puts forward suggestions on the construction of archives database and digital archives, hoping to provide useful reference for the construction of archives management information.
         In the process of writing this book, many experts and scholars have referred to their views. I would like to express my heartfelt thanks. There are still some imperfections in the book, and we hope that experts and scholars can criticize and correct it.

前 言

档案记录着人们在各项社会活动中的重要信息，是非常重要的信息资源。长期以来的档案信息主要记录在纸质材料上，但纸质材料不易保存，存在很大的损毁风险，且查询不便，利用起来效果不佳。
        随着科技与信息技术的飞速发展，信息资源已经实现了数字化存储，尤其是在信息化时代，档案由纸质信息转化为数字信息已成为档案管理的重要工作内容。相较于纸质存储信息，数字化信息无论是在查询读取上还是在保存上都有着不可比拟的优势，因此实现档案信息化是档案管理的必由之路。
        加快档案信息化建设是我国信息化建设的重要内容之一，也是加强档案规范管理工作，实现档案管理科学化，实现档案信息社会化服务的要求，为此各部门应加大档案信息化建设的资金投入，完善档案信息化建设的基础设备，加快建立档案数据库和数字档案室的步伐。
        本书从档案管理基础内容出发，通过了解档案管理的基础工作，深入分析了未来档案信息化建设的状况，提出了建设档案数据库、数字档案室的建议，希望能为档案管理信息化建设提供有益借鉴。
        本书在撰写过程中参考了许多专家学者的观点，在此表示衷心感谢。书中内容仍有不完善之处，还望广大专家学者批评指正。

With the development and progress of science and technology, information technology and digital technology have been unprecedentedly developed. In today’s world, the development trend of economic globalization is also overwhelming. The driving force of promoting economic globalization comes from information technology and information industry. With the development of the information age, China’s traditional surveying and mapping technology has also entered the era of digitization and information surveying and mapping.
         China’s modern surveying and mapping engineering technology is developing and improving, in this process encountered many problems, the most important is about the upgrading of modern surveying and mapping engineering technology. Because the geographical environment of most areas of our country is more complex, and these areas are usually popular tourist cities or economically developed areas, in such areas, modern surveying and mapping engineering is particularly important. It is related to our country people's life safety guarantee, at the same time, good modern engineering construction and urban basic development planning is also inseparable from the development of modern surveying and mapping engineering technology. The traditional surveying and mapping engineering needs to rely on manual recording and operation, but with the continuous development and progress of science and technology, various modern surveying and mapping engineering technologies are constantly created.

前 言

随着科学技术的发展和进步，信息技术、数字技术都得到了空前的发展，在当今世界，经济全球化的发展趋势也势如破竹，推动经济全球化的动力则来源于信息技术和信息产业，伴随着信息时代的发展，我国的传统测绘技术也迈向了数字化、信息化测绘时代。
        我国的现代测绘工程技术正在发展和完善，在这个过程中遇到了许许多多的问题，其中最重要的就是关于现代测绘工程技术升级的问题。因为我国的大部分地区的地理环境都比较的复杂，并且这些地区的通常是我国的热门旅游城市或者是经济发达地区，在此类地区现代测绘工程尤为重要，它关系着我们国家人们的生活安全保证，同时良好的现代工程建设和城市的基础发展规划也离不开现代测绘工程技术的发展。传统的测绘工程需要依靠人工记录和操作来进行，但随着科学技术的不断发展与进步，各项现代测绘工程技术被不断地创造出来。