Water resources are an important material basis for maintaining human survival and promoting social development. The development and utilization of water resources is an aspect of transforming and utilizing nature. With the rapid development of China's economy, water shortages and water pollution have become increasingly serious. Therefore, it is particularly important to strengthen the rational development and sustainable use of water resources. At the same time, the development of economy and science and technology also makes the water conservancy enterprise in the lifeblood of the national economy and the position of the basic industry more prominent. The improvement of water conservancy construction is of great significance to further promote the development and utilization of hydropower, protect the ecological environment and promote China's economic development.

This book first introduces the status quo and problems of water resources development and water conservancy project construction. The next six chapters are the foundation for water resources development, water resources development and utilization, water resources development and utilization projects, water conservancy projects, water conservancy and hydropower projects, and construction management of engineering projects. They elaborate the theory, technology and construction of water resources development.

As the book contains more content, involves more cumbersome knowledge, and has more compilers, the format, depth and breadth of the contents of each chapter may not be inconsistent; and the fallacies are inevitable. Readers are invited to criticize and correct. Suggestions for improvement will be gratefully received.

前 言

水资源是维持人类生存和促进社会发展的重要物质基础，水资源开发利用，是改造自然、利用自然的一个方面，随着我国经济的快速发展，水资源短缺以及水资源污染现象日益严重，因此，加强对水资源的合理开发以及可持续利用显得尤为重要。与此同时，经济与科学技术的发展，也使水利事业在国民经济中的命脉和基础产业地位愈加突出；水利工程建设水平的提高更是进一步促进水能水电的开发利用，保护生态环境，促进我国经济发展具有举足轻重的重大意义。

本书开篇对水资源开发与水利工程建设的现状与问题进行概述，后又分为水资源开发基础、水资源开发利用、水资源开发利用工程、水利工程建设、水利水电工程建设与工程项目的施工管理六章分别对水资源开发的理论、技术与水利工程施工建设进行详细阐述。

由于本书包罗内容较宽泛，涉及知识较烦琐，编写人员较多，各章节内容的格式、广度和深度可能并不一致，且谬误无可避免，敬请读者批评指正。

Hydrogeology refers to the changes and movements of groundwater in nature. Hydrogeology is the science of studying groundwater. It is a branch of geology, which mainly studies the distribution and formation of groundwater, the physical properties and chemical composition of groundwater, groundwater resources and their rational utilization, the adverse effects of groundwater on engineering construction and mining and their prevention and control. With the development of science and the needs of production and construction, hydrogeology is divided into regional hydrogeology, groundwater dynamics, hydro geochemistry, water supply hydrogeology, mine hydrgeology, soil improvement hydrogeology and other sub-disciplines.

Rational development and utilization of water resources is the embodiment of the concept of sustainable development in water resources. While taking into account social economy and environmental protection, water resources are effectively exploited. In addition, this activity can be continued.

This book was divided into 12 chapters to analyze and elaborate hydrogeology and water resources development. We hope it will help some of the relevant staff.

前言

水文地质，指自然界中地下水的各种变化和运动的现象。水文地质学是研究地下水的科学，它是地质学的一个分支学科，主要是研究地下水的分布和形成规律，地下水的物理性质和化学成分，地下水资源及其合理利用，地下水对工程建设和矿山开采的不利影响及其防治等。随着科学的发展和生产建设的需要，水文地质学又分为区域水文地质学、地下水动力学、水文地球化学、供水水文地质学、矿床水文地质学、土壤改良水文地质学等分支学科。近年来，水文地质学与地热、地震、环境地质等方面的研究相互渗透，又形成了若干新领域。

水资源合理开发利用是人类可持续发展概念在水资源问题上的体现。是指在兼顾社会经济需水要求和环境保护的同时，充分有效地开发利用水资源，并能使这种活动得以持续进行。

本书分十二章内容对水文地质与水资源开发进行相应的分析与阐述，希望能够帮助一些相关工作人员。

As the most critical part of the whole process of engineering construction projects, water conservancy project design determines the key to the success of the project. The core of water conservancy project design quality management is to establish a set of systematic project management system, so that the design unit can solve the problems existing in project design stage between the owner, the government construction related departments and other relevant units or institutions involved in the project construction. In the design of water conservancy projects, only the combination of professional design and project cost preparation can ensure that the designed project results are scientific, reasonable and economically feasible. With the rapid development of the social economy, China's water conservancy industry has made great progress. The quality of water conservancy projects directly affects the normal life of the surrounding residents. The concrete construction of water conservancy projects needs to be carried out according to the engineering design. Therefore, the scientific design will inevitably affect the quality of the project, so the construction personnel must constantly improve the design of water conservancy projects to further control the occurrence of safety hazards. The book mainly analyzes the necessity of improving the current water conservancy project design, and proposes corresponding improvement measures according to the existing deficiencies, hoping to provide relevant reference to relevant people.

Any project needs to go through the design stage before construction to provide a reference for the construction of the project, as well as in water conservancy projects. Before the construction, the design unit will go to the construction site to conduct detailed investigation and understanding of the geological and hydrological conditions, climatic conditions and the surrounding environment, and then make a design plan based on the actual points of the project. In the design process, for which problems need to be paid attention to in the construction process, the process arrangement of each construction stage, the construction progress of the project, and various cost and expenditure will be clearly marked. If the actual construction estimation is insufficient at a certain stage, it will affect the quality of the construction, and then there will be changes in the cost and expenditure, which will seriously affect the smooth progress of the construction.

前 言

水利工程设计作为工程建设项目整个过程中最为关键的环节，决定着项目工程的实施成败的关键。水利工程设计质量管理的核心是通过建立一整套的系统化项目管理制度，以利于设计单位在业主、政府建设相关的主管部门及其他参与项目建设的相关单位或机构之间解决项目在设计阶段中存在的问题。在水利工程项目设计中，只有各专业设计与项目造价编制有机的结合，才能确保设计出来的项目成果科学合理、经济可行。伴随着社会经济的快速发展，我国水利事业得到很大进步。水利工程建设的好坏直接影响到周边居民的正常生活。具体的水利工程施工需要根据工程设计来进行，所以，设计的科学与否必然会影响到工程的质量，所以施工人员必须不断完善水利工程设计，进一步控制安全隐患的发生。本书主要通过对当前完善水利工程设计的必要性进行分析，并根据其中存在的不足提出相应的完善措施，希望能够给相关人士提供一定的借鉴性。

任何一项工程在施工之前都需要经过设计阶段，为工程的施工提供参考依据，在水利工程中同样如此。在施工之前，设计单位会到施工现场，对地质水文状况，气候条件以及周围环境等进行详细的调查了解，然后结合工程的实际点，作出设计方案。在设计的过程中，对于在哪个施工环节需要注意哪些问题，各个施工阶段的工序安排，工程的施工进度，以及各项成本支出都会作出明确的标示。如果在某一阶段对实际施工估算不足，就会影响到施工的质量，进而在成本支出方面出现变动，严重影响到施工的顺利进行。

As an important construction project connecting different regions, roads and bridges have an important impact on China’s economic development and cultural exchanges. As the saying goes: “To be rich, build roads first”. With a developed transportation system, it is possible to achieve better economic and cultural development in China’s vast territory. Therefore, the importance of municipal roads and bridges engineering is obvious, and the current quality requirements for roads and bridges are becoming stricter.

Over the years, with the development of urbanization, the quality of municipal road construction and water supply & drainage project has been greatly improved; while the urban transportation system has been continuously improved. Compared with the backward transportation system in the past, it has fundamentally improved and achieved leap-forward development. However, a series of municipal engineering problems were also reflected in those "crisp buildings" reported by various news sources a few years ago and various shoddy projects for now. 

First of all, the construction quality supervision system is imperfect, and the management loopholes are large. Some government officials abuse their power, draw illegal interests from the construction of the project, and cut corners. The quality of construction is difficult to guarantee. Secondly, the level of construction technology is not high. Many technical problems cannot be fundamentally solved, but only traditional construction methods are used. Finally, due to the neglect of the maintenance work of the bridge, a series of quality problems such as collapse of the bridge and delamination of the pavement have occurred. There’s huge potential safety hazard. 

Therefore, this book is divided into three parts to elaborate and analyze the municipal roads & bridges and water supply & drainage projects, hoping to promote the development of China’s municipal engineering construction.

前 言

道路桥梁作为连通不同地区的重要建设工程，对我国的经济发展以及文化交流都有着重要影响。俗话说：要想富，先修路。有了发达的交通方式，才有可能在我国辽阔的地域中取得更好的经济文化发展。因此，市政道路桥梁工程的重要程度可见一斑，并且当前对道路桥梁的质量要求愈发严格。

这些年来，随着城市化的发展，市政道路建设和给水排水工程质量有了很大的提高，城市交通体系也不断地完善。与以往落后的交通体系相比，从根本上得到了很大的改善，实现了飞跃地发展。但由几年前被各界新闻媒体报道的“楼脆脆”，到现在的各种豆腐渣工程的桥梁等，也都折射出一系列的建设工程问题。

首先，施工的质量监督体系不完善，管理漏洞大，一些政府官员滥用职权，从工程建设中牟取不法利益，偷工减料，施工的质量得不到保证。其次，施工技术水平不高，很多技术性问题无法从根本上得到解决，而仅仅是使用传统的建筑方法。最后，由于疏忽了对桥梁的维护工作，造成了桥梁塌陷，铺层脱落等一系列的严重问题，存在着巨大的安全隐患。

因此，本书分三部分对市政道路桥梁与给排水工程进行详细的阐述与分析，希望对我国市政工程建设事业的发展有一定的推动作用。

With the continuous advancement of science and technology, the rapid development of the global economy, and the rapid increase in population, the land is seriously desertified, the cultivated land is gradually decreasing, natural disasters are frequent, and the greenhouse effect is expanding. It can be seen that the ecological environment has been seriously damaged. The problem of human survival is increasingly threatened. More and more people are paying attention to the protection of the ecological environment. The concept of harmonious development between human and nature has gradually penetrated into people’s hearts. How to balance economic development, resource development and environmental protection is an important issue that needs to be solved in this era.

The traditional construction industry is not only the pillar industry of the national economy, but also one of the three major energy-consuming industries. Its problems of high emission, high investment and high pollution have been very serious. According to relevant data, the construction industry accounts for 30% of the world's total energy consumption. In China’s new buildings, high loss types account for up to 80%. The coverage area of green buildings in existing buildings is only 760 million square meters, and the effective utilization rate of building energy is less than 30%. At the same time, according to the latest statistical yearbook, the total consumption of building energy in China increased from 53.09 million tons to 70.17 million tons of standard coal in 2010-2013, and the proportion of the total energy consumption of China is also increasing. The development of the construction industry should contribute to the national economy and promote low-carbonization of the industry from various angles, such as deepening reform and innovation, improving energy efficiency, and reducing environmental pollution, etc.

China’s economy has long been a short-sighted and rough economic development model at the expense of environmental pollution. It is characterized by high energy consumption, high loss, low life and land use. With the continuous progress of the society, it is obvious that this method is no longer suitable for the development trend of the current world, so it is necessary to realize the ecological and green construction industry as soon as possible. On the other hand, with the continuous development of environmental protection concepts, the ecological and green construction industry has also received extensive attention from experts and the general public. China’s economy is in rapid development, and China’s urbanization development is accelerating. In the future, China’s large housing demand will be still very strong. In the past, housing was only a place to provide shelter for the people. Today, people have more environmental health and quality assurance requirements for housing. At the same time, they are more eager for harmony between human settlements and nature. The development and construction management of green buildings is gradually received wide attention from all over the world.

Therefore, this book provides a detailed overview and analysis of green building construction and project management from eight chapters, hoping to promote the development of China’s green building industry.

前言

随着科技不断进步、全球经济快速发展、人口急剧增加，随之而来的土地严重沙漠化、耕地逐渐减少、自然灾害频发、温室效应不断扩大，可以看出生态环境遭到了严重的破坏，人类的生存问题日益遭受威胁。越来越多的人开始关注生态环境的保护，人与自然和谐发展的理念逐渐深入人心，如何兼顾经济发展、资源开发与环境保护是这个时代亟待解决的一大重要问题。

传统的建筑业除了是国民经济的支柱产业，还是三大能源消耗产业之一，其高排放、高投入、高污染问题一直十分严重，根据相关资料调查，世界能源消耗总量中，建筑产业的损耗量占比30%，我国新建建筑中，高损耗类型占比高达80%，绿色建筑在已存建筑中的覆盖面积仅为7.6千万平方米，建筑能源有效利用率不足30%。同时，根据最新的统计年鉴显示2010-2013年我国建筑能源总耗量由5309万吨增至7017万吨标准煤，在全国能耗总值中的占比也在不断提升。建筑产业的发展应该在为国家经济做贡献的同时，从多角度入手促进产业低碳化，如深化改革创新、提高能源利用率、减少环境污染等。

我国经济长期以来都是以环境污染为代价的短视、粗犷型经济发展模式，其特点是高耗能、高损耗、低寿命、地利用。随着社会的不断进步，显然此方式已不再适应当今世界的发展趋势，所以尽早实现建筑产业的生态化、绿色化显然是十分有必要的。另一方面，随着环保理念的不断发展，建筑产业的生态化、绿色化也受到专家与普通民众的广泛关注。我国经济处于高速发展中，我国的城镇化发展速度正在加快，未来我国大的住房需求依然十分旺盛。在过去，住房只是为民众提供安身之所，在今天，人们对住房有了更多地环境健康、质量保证的需求，同时，更加向往人居与自然的和谐，绿色建筑的发展与施工管理逐步受到世界各国的广泛关注。

因此，本书从八章内容对绿色建筑工程施工与项目管理进行详细的概述与分析，希望能够对我国绿色建筑事业的发展有一定推动作用。