Highway bridge is the throat of traffic artery, its operation status is related to economic development and people’s life. The research of highway and bridge maintenance management system has been more mature in many developed countries, but it is still in the development stage in China. The research of highway bridge maintenance management system is of great significance to ensure the scientific, reasonable and economic determination of maintenance countermeasures, prolong the service life of highway bridges, and ensure the safe operation of highway bridges.

   Highway bridge can provide basic guarantee for people’s safe travel, and it is an important transportation hub connecting various regions effectively, so it is necessary to pay more attention to its safety. With the continuous improvement of China’s social economy, highway and bridge construction plays an important role. However, the maintenance and reinforcement of highway bridges need to be strengthened in the process of use, which is an indispensable main method to increase the service time of highway bridges.

   China’s existing highway bridge construction has made great achievements, but most of the highway bridges have low design technical standards and poor traffic capacity, which can not meet the needs of transportation brought by rapid economic development, and the maintenance of old bridges will be in a peak period. The maintenance and management of highway bridges can not be separated from advanced concepts and technologies. At present, there are some problems in the maintenance concept of highway bridges, such as focusing on the construction of light maintenance, no distinction between road and bridge maintenance, unclear maintenance concept, indifferent crisis consciousness and lack of systematic concept; in terms of system, there is a lack of maintenance backbone team, the system is in form, and the management environment is not comprehensive; there are no perfect rules and regulations, and the technical understanding is not thorough; in terms of resources, the overall quality of human resources needs to be improved, maintenance funds are short, equipment is not complete, and timely maintenance information is lacking. In addition, there are also great deficiencies in the quality and safety of maintenance.

前 言

公路桥梁是交通动脉的咽喉，它的运营状况关乎经济发展和人民生活。公路桥梁养护管理系统的研究在许多发达国家已经比较成熟，而在我国还处于发展阶段。公路桥梁养护管理系统的研究对于确保通过科学、合理、经济确定养护对策，延长公路桥梁使用寿命，保证公路桥梁的安全运营具有重要意义。
        公路桥梁可以为人们的安全出行提供基本保障，是各个地区有效连接的重要交通枢纽，故需提高对其安全性的重视程度。随着我国社会经济的不断提升，公路桥梁建设起着举足轻重的作用。然而公路桥梁在使用过程中需要加大养护与维修加固的力度，这是增加公路桥梁使用时间不可缺少的主要方法。

我国现有公路桥梁建设已取得巨大成就，但大多数公路桥梁的设计技术标准较低、通行能力差，不能满足快速经济发展带来的交通运输需要，旧桥养护将处于一个高峰期。公路桥梁的养护和管理离不开先进的理念和技术，目前公路桥梁养护观念上存在着重建设轻养护、路桥养护不分、养护概念不明确、危机意识淡漠、缺乏系统观念的问题；在体制方上缺少养护骨干队伍、体制处于形式、管理大环境不全面问题；规章上没有完善的规章制度，对技术理解不透彻；资源上，整体的人力资源素质有待提高，养护资金短缺，设备不全， 缺少及时的养护信息。另外养护质量、安全上也存在很大的不足。

Highway engineering test and detection is an important part of highway construction quality management. Through test and detection, the quality of various raw materials, semi-finished products and finished components can be evaluated quantitatively, so as to make full use of local raw materials, and rapidly promote the application of new materials, new technologies and new processes, and reasonably control the construction quality and scientifically evaluate the quality of highway engineering. Therefore, the test and detection work will play a very important role in ensuring and improving the project quality, speeding up the construction progress, reducing the project cost and promoting the progress of highway engineering construction technology. The research object of highway engineering management is mainly how to organize productivity reasonably, improve production relations, and adjust superstructure timely to meet the needs of productivity development.
   Highway engineering test detection is a complex system of basic knowledge of highway engineering, basic theory of test and detection and test operation skills. It is an effective means of highway engineering quality inspection and an important part of highway construction quality management. It can directly reflect the overall quality level of the project, find problems in time and take effective measures and means to solve them. Therefore, it plays an important role in highway construction. For new materials, new technology and new technology, the design theory and construction technology can be improved through test and research. Highway engineering test and detection technology is a new subject under development. It is a combination of theoretical knowledge of test and detection, practical operation skills and related basic knowledge. It involves a wide range of knowledge and contains more project contents. In order to make the engineering test and detection personnel or quality control management personnel obtain relatively systematic and complete highway construction detection knowledge, so as to do a good job in the engineering construction of engineering material quality construction control parameters, on-site construction process quality and engineering quality acceptance of these key links, this book is specially compiled.

前 言

公路工程试验、检测工作是公路施工质量管理中的一个重要组成部分。通过试验、检测，能用定量的方法评价各种原材料、半成品和成品构件的质量，从而充分地利用当地原材料，亦能迅速推广应用新材料、新技术和新工艺，能合理地进行施工质量控制和科学地评定公路工程质量。因此，试验、检测工作对于保证和提高工程质量、加快施工进度降低工程造价、推动公路工程施工技术进步，将起到极为重要的作用。 公路工程管理研究的对象， 主要是在公路建设中如何合理地组织生产力，不断改善生产关系，适时地调整上层建筑，以适应生产力发展的需要。
       公路工程试验检测是公路工程基础知识、试验检测基础理论和测试操作技能于一体的复杂的系统，是进行公路工程质量检测的一种有效手段，是公路建设质量管理工作的重要组成部分，它可以直观地反映出该工程的整体质量水平，及时发现问题并采取有效的措施和手段进行解决，因此对公路的建设具有至关重要的作用。对于新材料、新工艺、新技术，通过试验检测和研究，可以完善设计理论和施工工艺。公路工程试验、检测技术是一门正在发展的新学科，是试验检测理论知识和实际操作技能及相关基础知识于一体，涉及知识面较广，包含的项目内容较多。为使工程试验检测人员或质量控制管理人员获得比较系统完整的公路施工检测知识，以便在工程施工中做好工程材料质量施工控制参数现场施工过程质量和工程质量验收这几个关键环节的把关工作，特编写此书。

Since the reform and opening up, China’s highway construction has developed rapidly. With the development of economy and the enhancement of comprehensive national strength, China’s building materials, equipment and construction technology have developed rapidly, providing safe and comfortable services for people’s travel and highway transportation. But the following road maintenance work is also facing new challenges.
   This book adheres to the scientific development concept of combining theory and practice, relying on the two parts of highway engineering and highway maintenance engineering, analyzes the problems and status quo in the whole process of highway engineering planning and design, highway engineering construction, highway maintenance, highway maintenance management, ordinary highway maintenance management, rural road maintenance management and highway maintenance engineering cost management. This book gives feasible suggestions for these problems, in order to provide a practical teaching material and reference book for the majority of road traffic practitioners in China, and make a little contribution to the sustainable construction of highway engineering construction in China.

前 言

改革开放以来，我国公路建设事业迅猛发展。随着经济的发展、综合国力增强，我国的建筑材料、设备、建筑技术都有了较快的发展，为人民出行和公路运输提供了安全舒适的服务。但是随之而来的公路养护工作也面临着新的挑战。
       本书坚持理论与实践相结合的科学发展观，以公路工程与公路养护工程两部分为依托，分析了公路工程规划设计、公路工程建设施工、公路养护、高速公路养护管理、普通公路养护管理、农村公路养护管理以及公路养护工程成本管理全过程存在的问题与现状，并针对这些问题给出可行性建议，以期为我国广大道路交通从业者提供一本切合实用的教材与参考书，为我国公路工程建设的可持续建设略尽绵薄之力。

Since the reform and opening up, China’s construction industry has developed rapidly, and the scale of urban construction is expanding day by day. The development speed of cities and towns has become the standard to measure the modern civilization of a country and a region. After more than 30 years of hard work and practice, China’s modern architecture is developing towards high technology, high speed and high quality. China has made many major breakthroughs and new achievements in the field of construction technology. Some technologies have reached the world’s advanced level and become a big construction country in the world.

Engineering construction technology is the main element of construction engineering, and the level of engineering construction technology is directly related to the safety of the whole building. Due to the complex geological conditions, various foundation forms, different construction and management levels, and high concealment of foundation and foundation engineering, the construction of foundation and foundation engineering is more complex than that of superstructure, and it is easier to have quality hidden danger. A large number of facts have proved that the quality problems of construction engineering are mostly related to the quality of foundation and foundation engineering, so improving the level of construction technology is the most critical method to ensure the construction quality.
   Cost management serves the goal of project management. Project cost management is the basic work to manage the construction market by economic means. China’s project cost management is related to the reform and development of capital construction investment, construction industry and construction market, and is deeply affected by the system and policy. It can be seen that the project cost management has a very important position in the project construction.

前 言

改革开放以来，我国建筑业发展很快，城镇建设规模日益扩大，城镇的发展速度已成为衡量一个国家和地区现代文明的标准。 经过最近 30 多年的努力实践， 我国的现代化建筑正朝着高技术、快速度、高质量方向发展，我国在建筑工程施工技术领域取得了许多重大突破和新的成果，有的技术已经达到世界先进水平，成为世界建筑大国。
       工程施工技术是建筑工程的主要要素，工程施工技术的水平直接关系到整个建筑物的安全。由于我国地质条件复杂，基础形式多样，施工及管理水平存在差异，同时地基与基础工程具有高度隐蔽性，从而使得地基与基础工程的施工比上部结构更为复杂，更容易存在质量隐患。大量事实证明，建筑工程质量问题多与地基与基础工程质量有关，因此提高施工技术水平是保证施工质量最为关键的方法。
       造价管理是为工程建设项目管理的目标服务的。工程造价管理是用经济手段管理建筑市场的基础工作。我国工程造价的管理是与基本建设投资、建筑业、建筑市场的改革与发展关联的，深受体制与政策影响。由此可以看出，工程造价管理在工程建设中具有极为重要的地位。

Highway is an important infrastructure for the development of national economy. It is the most flexible mode of transportation in the whole transportation system. It has the characteristics of direct, rapid, convenient and strong adaptability. With the rapid development of China’s transportation, especially the emergence of a large number of high-grade highways, highway transportation plays an extremely important role in the national political, economic, cultural and military construction.
   Expressway is an engineering structure that provides safe, fast, comfortable and economic services for vehicles and other means of transportation. After it is completed and put into use, it will suffer the repeated wear and impact of wheels and the erosion of rainstorm, flood, wind sand, ice and snow, sunlight, freeze-thaw and other natural forces, as well as some defects left in the design and construction, which will inevitably lead to the deterioration of road use function and driving service quality, and even the interruption of traffic. In order to extend the service cycle of expressway, ensure smooth flow, minimize and avoid the loss to highway users due to the above reasons, in order to adapt to the new situation of increasing traffic volume and heavy vehicles, we must take appropriate engineering and technical measures, adhere to daily maintenance, and timely repair the damaged parts in accordance with the principle of “prevention first and prevention combined”. We also need to keep the highway in good condition, smooth, clean and beautiful, carry out preventive large and medium-sized maintenance periodically, gradually change the general technical conditions, and improve the use quality and disaster resistance ability of the highway. Therefore, highway maintenance is a regular work to ensure high-speed, safe and comfortable driving. It is of great significance to strengthen highway maintenance, repair and improvement.

前 言

公路是国民经济赖以发展的重要基础设施，是整个交通综合系统中最具机动灵活的运输方式，具有直达、迅速、方便、适应性强的特点。随着我国交通事业的飞速发展，特别是大量高等级公路的出现，使公路交通运输在国家的政治、经济、文化、军事建设中发挥着极其重要的作用。
       高速公路作为为汽车等运输工具提供安全、快速、舒适、经济服务的工程结构物，在建成投人使用后，因反复承受车轮的磨损、冲击，遭受暴雨、洪水、风沙、冰雪、日晒、冻融等自然力的侵蚀以及由于设计、施工中留下的某些缺陷，必然造成公路使用功能和行车服务质量的日趋退化、不适应，甚至中断交通。为延长高速公路的使用周期， 保障畅通， 尽量减少和避免由于上述原因给公路使用者带来损失，为适应交通量增大、重型车增多等新情况，必须本着“预防为主、防治结合”的原则，采取适当的工程技术措施，坚持日常保养，及时修复损坏部分，经常保持公路完好、畅通、整洁、美观，周期性地进行预防性大中修，逐步改普技术状况，提高公路的使用质量和抗灾能力。因此，公路养护是保证汽车高速、安全、舒适行驶不可觖少的经常性工作，加强公路养护、维修和改善具有十分重要意义