In recent years, with the rapid development of China’s animal husbandry situation, especially the emergence of small and medium-sized farms and free range farmers, the knowledge of animal disease prevention and control is very little, which leads to the occurrence of diseases in production. With the development of industrialization, intensification and industrialization of animal husbandry, due to the influence of management facilities, internal and external environment changes, diet coordination, feeding methods and other factors, as well as the continuous increase of breeding density, scientific management level can not keep up with the rapid expansion of production scale, which can lead to metabolic disorders and nutritional disorders of animals. It directly or indirectly caused serious economic losses to the development of animal husbandry, especially the mass disease has become the main factor restricting the development of large-scale farms.

   There are many kinds of animal diseases in China, the pathogen is complex and the epidemic range is wide. Major animal diseases such as aftosa, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome, influenza in birds and other major animal diseases are still prevalent in some regions, and there are immune virus carrying and immune clinical diseases. Some nutritional and metabolic diseases, parasitic diseases, environmental diseases, cold stress and hot climate lead to slow growth of livestock and poultry, low stocking rate, serious impact on the normal development, reproduction and production capacity of animals, reduce the quantity and quality of livestock breeds and animal products, and even lead to a large number of animal deaths. The global animal epidemic situation is becoming more
and more complex, and the risk of transmission of exotic animal diseases such as bovine spongiform encephali tis and infection with African swine fever virus continues to exist. Brucellosis, rabies, hydatidosis and other zoonoses were on the rise, and even outbreaks occurred in some areas; according to reports, 75% of human infectious diseases come from animals or animal derived food. If we do not strengthen the prevention and control of animal diseases, it will seriously endanger public health and safety, and even endanger human health.

   Animal disease science describes the common disease types and prevention and control methods in the production process of various animals. It is the core course of animal medicine and animal science. Through learning, students’ ability to analyze and solve problems can be cultivated independently.

前 言

近年来，随着我国畜牧业形势的快速发展，尤其是中小规模的养殖场和散养户的出现，对动物疾病防治知识了解得很少，从而导致生产中疾病屡见不鲜；而随着畜牧生产的工厂化、集约化、产业化的发展，动物因管理设施、内外环境变化、日粮的配合、饲养方法等因素的影响，加之养殖密度不断增加，科学管理水平跟不上生产规模的快速扩大，都可能导致动物机体代谢失调和营养障碍，直接或间接地给畜牧业发展造成了严重的经济损失，特别是群发性疾病已成为制约规模化养殖场发展的主要因素。
       我国动物疫病种类多、病原复杂，流行范围广。口蹄疫、猪高致病性繁殖与呼吸综合征、高致病性禽流感等重大动物疫病仍在部分区域呈流行态势，存在免疫带毒和免疫临床发病现象。某些营养代谢病、寄生虫病中毒病及环境性疾病，寒冷应激，炎热气候等导致畜禽生长缓慢，出栏率低，严重影响动物正常发育、生殖和生产能力，降低畜种及畜产品数量和质量，甚至导致动物大批死亡。全球动物疫情日趋复杂，牛海绵状脑病、非洲猪瘟等外来动物疫病传人风险持续存在。布鲁菌病、狂犬病、包虫病等人畜共患病呈上升趋势，局部地区甚至出现暴发流行；据资料报道， 75%的人类传染病来源于动物或动物源性食品，如不加强动物疫病的防治，将会严重危害公共卫生安全，甚至危及人类的健康。
       动物疾病学详细阑述了各种动物生产过程中常见的疾病种类以及防控方法，是动物医学专业、动物科学专业的核心课程，通过学习可以培养学生独立分析问题和解决问题的能力。

At present, China’s urban rail transit construction is in a period of rapid development. More than 20 lines have been built and opened in 10 cities, including Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, Guangzhou, Nanjing, Wuhan, Shenzhen, Changchun, Dalian and Chongqing, with an operating mileage of 504 km. In order to form urban rail transit network, most of the above cities are stepping up the construction of urban rail transit. Cities under construction or preparing to build urban rail transit include Chengdu, Hangzhou, Harbin, Shenyang, Xi’an, Suzhou, Ningbo, Changsha, Shijiazhuang, Qingdao, etc.

Mechanical and electrical equipment system is an integral part of urban rail transit construction. Its quality, investment, progress and safety directly affect the construction of the whole project, and the function and performance of the equipment directly affect the future operation.
   In recent years, the construction of subway has reached a climax all over the country. As a mature public transport tool, subway has entered people’s life and integrated into the city. With its characteristics of fast running speed, large passenger volume, not affected by climate conditions, safety and punctuality and comfort, subway is more and more widely used in urban transportation, becoming a new ideal transportation tool in big cities, and has achieved great economic and social benefits. However, the construction of subway is a large-scale systematic project with intensive capital, technology and complex professional categories. As the station conventional equipment installation and system equipment installation engineering to realize the subway function, which way to do the project management well in the construction process is related to the realization of equipment function and economic and social benefits.

前 言

目前，我国城市轨道交通建设正处于快速发展时期。已建成并开通的有北京、上海、天津、广州、南京、武汉深圳、长春、大连、重庆 10 座城市的 20 多条线路，运营里程已达 504km。为形成城市轨道交通网络，上述大多数城市正在加紧建设城市轨道交通。在建或准备建设城市轨道交通的城市包括成都、杭州、哈尔滨、沈阳、西安、苏州、宁波、长沙、石家庄、青岛等。
      机电设备系统是城市轨道交通建设不可分割的一部分，其质量、投资、进度、安全等直接影响整个工程的建设，设备的功能、性能直接影响今后的运营。
      近些年来，全国各地掀起了地铁建设的高潮。地铁作为一种技术较为成熟的公共交通工具，走入人们的生活，融入了城市，并且以其运行速度快、客运量大、不受气候条件的影响、 安全准点以及舒适等特点， 越来越广泛的被运用到城市交通中，成为大城市新型的理想交通工具，取得了巨大的经济与社会效益。但是地铁的建设是一个资金密集、技术密集，专业门类复杂的大型系统性工程。作为实现地铁功能的车站常规设备安装装修与系统设备安装工程，在施工过程中采用何种方式做好项目管理工作，关系到设备功能的实现和经济、社会等效益。

Since the reform and opening up, the national economy has developed rapidly, the people’s living standard has been greatly improved, and the construction of agricultural industrial engineering has achieved good development. The construction of road and bridge engineering is more and more. With the continuous improvement of highway and railway network, the continuous improvement of transportation demand, the acceleration of urbanization process, and the acceleration of rural urbanization process, the construction requirements of infrastructure such as roads and bridges are higher and higher. Therefore, the improvement of road and bridge design and construction level has become the key. Road and bridge plays an important role in the overall construction process of highway traffic. It is the main control project, which needs the attention of highway traffic construction department and other relevant departments.

前 言

改革开放以来，国民经济发展迅速，人民生活水平有了很大的提高，农业工业工程建设都取得了很好的发展。道路桥梁工程的施工建设也越来越多，随着我国公路、铁路网的不断完善，交通运输需求的不断提高，城市化进程的不断加快，以及农村城镇化进程的加快，对于道路桥梁等基础设施的建设要求越来越高。因此道路桥梁设计与施工水平的提高成为了关键。道路桥梁在公路交通的整体建设过程中扮演着重要的角色，是主体的控制性工程，需要公路交通建设部门以及其他相关部门给予应有的重视。

Urban rail transit is a large volume, fast, punctual and comfortable passenger transport system, which can effectively solve the problems of large cities, large population density, large traffic flow, serious road congestion, frequent traffic accidents and so on. 

With the rapid development of rail transit network construction in some major cities in China, different types of rail transit lines are developing in parallel. The intensive use of new lines, new technologies and new equipment has greatly changed the original mode of operation organization, management and maintenance, showing the increasingly complex structure and scale of the outgoing line network, the diversification of different rail transit line systems and functions, the diversification of train operation modes, and the multiplicity of spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of passenger flow demand.

前 言

城市轨道交通是一种大运量、快速、准时、舒适的客运交通系统，能有效解决大城市、人口密度大、交通流量大、道路拥堵严重、交通事故多发等诸多问题。
      随着国内一些大城市的轨道交通网络化建设进程快速推进，不同类型的轨道交通线路并行发展，新线路、新技术、新设备的密集投入使用，大大改变了原有的运营组织、管理和维护保障模式，呈现出线网结构和规模日趋复杂、不同轨道交通线路制式和功能多元化， 列车运行方式多样化， 客流需求时空分布特点多重性等特征。

Informatization is the trend of the times. In order to improve the efficiency of government organs, reduce the operating costs, and then provide efficient and efficient services for the people and enterprises and institutions, the government is promoting the informatization of government affairs, and promoting the legalization of government affairs activities with informatization. In order to reduce inventory, improve production efficiency and quality, and respond quickly, enterprises are promoting enterprise management informatization and providing information services to the society on demand. With the extensive and in-depth application of information technology represented by computer, network, mobile communication and artificial intelligence in all aspects of economic and
social development, information has become another important strategic resource after material and energy.
   The results of surveying and mapping geographic information play a more and more important role in national security, economic and social development, information construction, natural resource management and emergency disposal. The quality of the results is related to the national economy and people’s livelihood and scientific decision-making of social development. At present, there are many types of surveying and mapping geographic information results, and it requires complex structure, fine technical requirements, large amount of data, high requirements of current situation, and wide service range. It is impossible to effectively and accurately detect and evaluate the quality status of Surveying and mapping geographic information results relying on manual or simple human-computer interaction inspection methods and means.
   It is of great significance to study the new mode of quality inspection of surveying and mapping geographic information results under the information-based surveying and mapping system, construct the information-based quality inspection platform with management function, realize the classification management, rapid inspection and
evaluation of various results quality inspection, and improve the inspection efficiency and scientificity, which is of great significance to ensure the reliability of the application of surveying and mapping geographic information results.

前 言

信息化是当今时代发展的大趋势。政府为提高政府机关的办事效率、降低运作成本，进而为民众与企事业组织提供高效快捷服务，正在推进政务信息化，并以信息化带动政务活动的法制化；企业为达到降低库存、提高生产效能和质量、快速应变的目的，正在推进企业管理信息化，按需向社会提供信息化服务。随着计算机、网络、移动通信、人工智能等为代表的信息技术在经济社会发展方方面面的广泛深入的应用，信息已经成为继物质、能源之后的又一种重要战略性资源。
       测绘地理信息成果在国家安全、经济社会发展、信息化建设、自然资源管理、突发事件应急处置中发挥着越来越重要的作用，其成果质量关系到国计民生和社会发展的科学决策。当前，测绘地理信息成果类型多、结构复杂、技术要求精细、数据量大、现势性要求高、服务范围广，依靠人工或简单的人机交互的检查方式和手段已无法高效准确地检测评估其质量状况。
       研究信息化测绘体系下测绘地理信息成果的质量检验新模式，构建具有管理功能的信息化质检平台，实现多种成果质量检验的分类管理、快速检查与评价，提高检验效率和科学性，对于保障测绘地理信息成果应用的可靠性具有重要意义。