With the rapid development of the globalization of information, people’s life and work have been becoming more and more intelligent. Computer science and technology plays an important role in the production and life of modern society; it also connects inseparably with the study and life of the public. Computer application technology has the characteristics of wide, professional and open, and now has become an important tool for information collection, processing, integration and application. With the rapid growth of information age, computer science and technology plays a more important and accurate role, pointing out the direction of the development of society. The application of computer science and technology is now the focus in various industries. In this context, the good application effect of computer science and technology will be more prominent.
  The information age as a concept has several different interpretations. From one perspective, the development and application of computer technology is the starting point of the information age and the development process of computer science and technology is exactly the process of the development of the information age. The relationship between them is mutual and closely connected. The information age offers a friendly environment for the development of computer science and technology, which makes the important position of computer science technology in the modern society be reflected. The proposing of the big data, cloud computing and other computer technology makes all walks of life be more aware of the importance of information technology and computer science and technology. But at the same time, computer science and technology is also facing severe challenges, which puts forward more strict requirements for the function of computer technology. If computer technology cannot be continuously innovated, it cannot meet the development needs of the times. Therefore, we should increase the frequency of the update of computer science and technology and keep innovating to satisfy the development needs of the information age. The author writes this book from the angle of computer science and technology and application experiment hoping to provide help for the readers.

前 言

随着信息全球化的快速发展，人们的生活和工作越来越智能化。其中，计算机科学技术在现代社会的生产和生活中占有非常重要的地位，公众的学习和生活与计算机科学技术密不可分。计算机科学技术在现代社会的生产和生活中占有非常重要的地位，公众的学习和生活与计算机科学技术密不可分。计算机应用技术具有广泛性、专业性、开放性的特点，已成为信息采集、处理、集成和应用的重要工具。随着信息时代的快速发展，计算机科学技术发挥着更加重要和准确的作用，为社会的发展指明了前进方向，计算机科学技术的应用是各行业关注的热点，在此背景下计算机科学技术良好的应用效果将更加凸显。
       信息时代作为一个概念具有多种解释，从一种角度来看，计算机技术的发展和应用是信息时代的起点，而计算机科学技术的发展过程恰恰也是信息时代发展的过程，两者之间的关系是相互的、密切联系的。信息时代为计算机科学技术的发展提供了良好的环境，使得计算机科学技术在现代社会的重要地位得以体现。大数据、云计算等的提出使得各行各业更加认识到信息技术和计算机科学技术的重要性。但与此同时，计算机科学技术也面临着严峻的挑战，对计算机技术的功能提出了更加严格的要求，若不能不断创新，计算机技术则无法满足时代的发展需要。因此，要加大计算机科学技术的更新换代频率，不断创新，满足信息时代的发展要求。编者从计算机科学技术与应用试验角度出发，编写本书，希望能为广大读者提供帮助。

On the basis of psychology, mathematics, informatics and other knowledge, artificial intelligence has been developed, which can summarize and analyze the laws of human activities in society. Big data is based on massive information, after scientific summary and classification, it can predict what may happen. The application of big data in artificial intelligence is mainly to realize the transformation from data to knowledge and promote the further improvement of technology.
  The development of intelligent home, intelligent power plant and intelligent design indicates that artificial intelligence has entered all aspects of social life and industrial production. Artificial intelligence provides strong support for human development. Moreover, the personalized requirements of art design are constantly improved, and designers can not fully rely on individuals to meet the requirements of human art, which requires continuous promotion of technology development to meet the diversified needs. The intervention of artificial intelligence in the field of art design is increasing. Especially the rapid development of artificial intelligence makes art design appear in front of us in many forms.

前 言

在心理学、数学、信息学等各种知识的基础上人工智能得到了发展，其能够对于社会中的各种人类活动规律进行总结分析；大数据是基于海量的信息条件下工作的，经过科学的总结和分类，对于可能发生的事情进行预测，大数据在人工智能中的应用主要是实现数据到知识的转化，促进技术的进一步完善。

智能家居、智能电厂、智能设计的发展标志着人工智能已经进入社会生活与工业生产的方方面面，人工智能为人类发展提供了有力支持。而且人们对艺术设计的个性化要求不断提高，设计师已经无法完全依靠个人努力满足人类对艺术的要求，这就需要不断推动技术的发展以满足多样化需求。人工智能在艺术设计领域的介入正在不断增加，特别是人工智能的高速发展使得艺术设计可以通过多种形式呈现在我们前。

In the 21st century, material science is developing vigorously; new materials and new technologies emerge endlessly, which greatly promote the development of science and technology and national economy. It is very important for engineering students to have a proper understanding of the direction of modern materials development.
  Machinery is manufactured. Due to the different types of machinery and equipment in all walks of life, mechanical manufacturing involves a wide range of areas. Metallurgy, construction, water conservancy, machinery, electronics, information, transportation, agriculture and other industries need the support of manufacturing industry. Metallurgy industry needs smelting and rolling equipment; construction industry needs tower crane, excavator, bulldozer and other engineering machinery. Manufacturing industry has always occupied an important position in China. In the 1950s, the machinery industry was divided into eight sectors: general, nuclear, aviation, electronics, ordnance, shipbuilding, aerospace and agriculture. In the 21st century, the world is undergoing extremely extensive and profound changes, and the machinery manufacturing industry affected by it has also undergone earthshaking changes. However, no matter how the world changes, machinery manufacturing industry has always been the basic industry of the national economy, and its development directly affects the development of all sectors of the national economy.
  In the compilation of this book, we have consulted a large number of domestic and foreign teaching materials, treatises and other literature materials. Due to the limited space, they will not be listed one by one. Sincere thanks would be expressed to the authors of these literature. At the same time, due to the editor's limited level and ability, there are inevitable mistakes and omissions in the book. We sincerely hope that experts, scholars and readers can criticize and correct them, so as to further improve them in the future. 

前 言

进入 21 世纪，材料科学蓬勃发展，新材料、新技术层出不穷，极大地推动了科学技术和国民经济的发展。适当地了解现代材料的发展方向对于工科学生具有极其重要的意义。
       机械是制造出来的，由于各行各业的机械设备不同、种类繁多，因此机械制造
的涉及面非常广，冶金、建筑、水利、机械、电子、信息、运载和农业等各个行业都要有制造业的支持，冶金行业需要冶炼、轧制设备；建筑行业需要塔吊、挖掘机和推土机等工程机械。制造业在我国一直占据重要地位，在 20 世纪 50 年代，机械工业就分为通用、核能、航空、电子、兵器、船舶、航天和农业等八个部门。进入21 世纪，世界正在发生极其广泛和深刻的变化，随之牵动的机械制造业也发生了翻天覆地的变化。但是，不管世界如何变化，机械制造业一直是国民经济的基础产业，它的发展直接影响到国民经济各部门的发展。
      在本书的编写过程中，我们参阅了大量国内外教材和论著等文献资料，由于篇幅有限，恕不一一列出，在此对这些文献的作者一并表示诚挚的谢意。同时，由于编者水平和能力有限，书中难免存在错误与遗漏，我们诚恳地希望各位专家、学者和广大读者批评指正，以便今后进一步完善。

n recent years, the development of machinery manufacturing industry in China has been stable, and it has become one of the important pillar industries in China. However, there is still a certain gap between China’s machinery manufacturing technology and foreign manufacturing technology, which leads to the disadvantage of China’s manufacturing technology in the international competition. Therefore, to optimize the design of mechanical manufacturing process, the first consideration is the error control of manufacturing process; Secondly, we must fully implement the requirements of mechanical design and manufacturing, produce and manufacture in strict accordance with the design plan, and gradually improve the level of mechanical design on the basis of ensuring the rationality of mechanical manufacturing process. It is an important trend to improve the overall level of mechanical manufacturing by optimizing the design strategy to adapt to the growing material demand. At present, with the continuous improvement of national science and technology, the mechanical manufacturing process is also progressing. In mechanical manufacturing, mechanical design plays a very important role, which directly affects the performance and quality of finished products. Therefore, in mechanical design, rational design is very important, which has high technical requirements for materials and production specifications. This book discusses the needs of mechanical manufacturing process, takes mechanical rationalization as the goal, and optimizes the mechanical design appropriately, so as to effectively improve the rationality of mechanical manufacturing process.

前 言

近年来，机械制造产业在我国的发展一直保持平稳态势，同时也成为我国的重要支柱产业之一。然而我国机械制造工艺相较于国外制造技术还存在一定的差距，导致我国的制造工艺在国际竞争中处于劣势地位。为此，要对机械制造工艺进行优化设计，首先要考虑的就是制造过程的误差控制，其次必须全面落实机械设计和制造的工作要求，严格按照设计计划生产制造，同时要在保证机械制造工艺合理性的基础上，逐渐提升机械设计水平。而通过优化设计策略来提升机械制造整体水平，以适应不断增长的物质需求是当前发展的重要趋势。当前，国家的科学技术水平不断提高，使得机械制造工艺也不断进步，在机械制造中，机械设计发挥着非常重要的作用，直接影响到成品的性能和质量，所以在机械设计中，合理化设计是非常重
要的，其对材料与生产规范都有较高的技术要求，本书通过对机械制造工艺的需要做讨论，以机械合理化为目标，对机械的设计进行适当的优化，从而有效地提升机械制造工艺的合理程度。

Therapeutics of neurological diseases is a jewel in the crown of medicine. It attracts a  group of outstanding doctors to go deep into this profession and explore hard for it with its  fine neuroanatomy, strict thinking logic, unique treatment methods, and remarkable  clinical effects. Despite rapid advances in science and technology, there are still no  satisfactory treatments for many difficult and critical neurological diseases, and a large  number of patients are still in a state of isolation and helplessness.            

Nervous system diseases are difficult to diagnose and treat. They are currently  recognized as intractable diseases in the world. Except for a few diseases such as nervous  system infections and individual cerebrovascular diseases that can be completely cured,  other diseases still lack effective means, which seriously threaten people’s health and bring  heavy burden to the family and society. Although modern medicine has made great  progress, nervous system diseases have not yet got rid of the embarrassing situation of  “three elements” (antibiotics, vitamins and glucocorticoids). For thousands of years,  Chinese medicine has accumulated rich experience in the treatment of nervous system  diseases, and has certain advantages. However, in the process of sorting out, we found that  many diseases were not fully understood in ancient times, and there was no corresponding  disease name. We could not directly refer to the experience of the ancients. We only need  to study and obtain relevant experience in the actual treatment process.

前 言  

神经系统疾病治疗学是医学皇冠上的一颗明珠，它以精细的神经解剖、严密的 思维逻辑、独特的治疗方法、显著的临床疗效而吸引着一批又一批优秀的医生深入 到这个专业，为之辛勤探索。虽然科学技术的进步迅速，但许多神经病学的疑难、 危重疾病仍然没有满意的治疗方法，大量患者仍处于孤立无援的状态。 

     神经系统疾病诊断疑难、治疗困难，是目前世界上公认的难治性疾病，除神经系统感染、个别脑血管病等少数疾病可以完全治愈之外，其他疾病尚缺乏有效的手段，严重威胁人民群众健康，给家庭和社会带来沉重的负担。虽然现代医学已有了长足发展，但神经系统疾病仍未摆脱“三素”（三素即抗生素、维生素和糖皮质激 素）的尴尬境地。千百年来，中医药在治疗神经系统疾病方面积累了丰富的经验，具有一定的优势。但是，我们在整理的过程中，发现很多疾病在古代没有充分的认识，也没有相对应的病名，无法直接参考古人的经验，只能需要我们在实际治疗过 程中研究并获取相关经验。