The resource crisis of mines, the collapse of mining enterprises, the decline of the supply capacity of mineral products, the unemployment of workers, the loss of economic support of resource-based cities (towns), and the forced transformation of industries have caused a series of social problems. This is a prominent problem encountered by China’s mining industry at the end of the 20th century, which has attracted the attention of all parties. For this reason, the state has taken measures to support the mining enterprises to carry out the exploration of replacement resources, and also put forward how to promote the sustainable development of mining enterprises, especially large and medium-sized mining enterprises.
        In the past, there was a lack of systematic and in-depth research on the sustainable development of mining enterprises. It is generally believed that the mineral resources are non renewable and limited. For a specific mining area, the mineral reserves are fixed. After the mine is completed for development activities, the mineral reserves will only be less and less. Finally, the resources will be exhausted and the mine will be closed. This is the natural law. Through a large number of investigation and analysis, we can see that many mining enterprises use various methods to reasonably develop and utilize the proved mineral reserves, and constantly explore the deep and edge of the mining area in the process of development and mining, so as to find new mineral sources and prolong the life of the mine. A large number of facts show that even in a specific mining area, geological exploration can not be completed at one time. With the development of the mine, the understanding of the metallogenic law is deepening. New orebodies can be found in the deep and edge of the mining area, and even new types of deposits and new minerals can be found, which is also a natural law. We sum up these successful practical experiences, preliminarily sort out several main methods and ways for sustainable development of mining enterprises, and explore the problem of resource crisis mines at a deep level. This not only has a practical enlightenment for those mining enterprises that do not pay attention to the rational development and utilization of resources, or even waste resources, and do not know to reserve resources as soon as possible, but also has a certain reference role for the competent departments of mining industry to reform the mining system and guide the healthy development of mining industry according to the scientific outlook on development.

前 言

矿山发生资源危机，矿山企业倒闭，矿产品供给能力下降，职工失业，资源型城市（镇）经济失去支撑，产业被迫转型，引起一系列社会问题，这是 20 世纪末我国矿业遇到的一个突出问题，引起了各方面的注意。国家为此采取措施支持矿山企业进行接替资源勘查，同时也提出了如何促进矿山企业特别是大中型矿山企业的可持续发展问题。
        矿山企业的可持续发展问题，过去缺少系统深入的研究。一般认为，矿产资源是不可再生的、有限的，对特定矿区来说，矿产储量是既定的，在矿山建成进行开发活动以后，矿产储量只会越采越少，最终资源枯竭矿山闭坑，这是自然规律。通过大量调查分析， 我们看到许多矿山企业用各种办法合理开发利用探明的矿产储量，并在开发、开采过程中对矿区深部、边部不断进行勘探，寻找新的矿源，以延长矿山寿命。大量事实说明，即使在特定矿区，地质勘查工作也往往不可能一次完成。随着矿山开发的进展，对成矿规律的认识不断加深，可以在矿区深部、边部发现新的矿体，甚至发现新类型矿床和新矿种，这也是一个自然规律。总结这些成功的实践经验，初步理出几条矿山企业可持续发展的主要方法和途径，并在深层次上探究资源危机矿山问题，不仅对那些不重视资源合理开发利用，甚至浪费资源，更不知道要及早储备资源的矿山企业有切实的启示作用，同时对矿业主管部门改革矿业体制，按照科学发展观指导矿业健康发展，也具有一定的参考作用。

In recent years, with the rapid development of China’s national economy and the deepening of urbanization, the construction industry has developed rapidly in recent years. The development of the construction industry provides a better external environment for the production and life of our society, so that the living standard and quality of the public has been rapidly improved. However, with the emergence of construction quality and safety problems, more and more people pay attention to the construction work.
        At present, there is still a big gap between China’s construction technology and western countries. We need to conduct a comprehensive analysis and research on this gap, narrow this gap in a short period of time, and effectively improve the construction quality of construction projects. In order to improve their own technical level, construction enterprises should not only actively adopt the above suggestions and countermeasures, but also absorb the promotion theory and various practical experience of the industry, and actively learn from foreign advanced construction technology to improve the construction technology level of China’s construction industry.
     To ensure the construction quality and safety production plays an important role in promoting the safety of people’s production and property. With the increasing number of construction projects, we should strengthen the management and control of construction quality and safety production. From the design stage to the completion stage, we should fully combine with the specific needs of the project, deepen the safety education and training of construction personnel, and increase the application of new technology and new equipment, so as to improve the safety factor of construction. Only by ensuring the quality and safety of construction, can it bring higher economic and social benefits for enterprises.

前 言

近些年来，我国的国民经济快速发展，城市化的进程也在不断深入，建筑工程行业在近几年来得到了快速发展。建筑工程行业的发展为我国社会的生产与生活提供了更好的外部环境，使社会大众的生活水平与质量得到了快速提高。但是，建筑施工质量与安全问题的出现，使得建筑工程施工工作受到更多人的关注。
       目前，我国的建筑工程的施工技术与西方国家相比还存在较大的差距，需要我们对这种差距进行全面的分析和研究，在较短的时间内缩小这种差距，切实提高建筑工程的施工质量。建筑企业要想提高自身的技术水平，除了要积极采纳上述建议和对策之外，还应该吸收行业的推广理论以及各种实践经验，并积极借鉴国外先进的建筑工程施工技术，提升我国建筑行业的施工技术水平。
       保证建筑施工质量和安全生产对人民生产财产安全起着重要的促进作用。随着建筑项目的不断增多，更应要加强管控建筑施工质量和安全生产，从设计阶段到完工阶段都应充分结合项目具体需求来进行，深化建筑施工人员的安全教育培训，加大新工艺和新设备的应用，从而提高建筑施工安全系数。只有确保建筑施工的质量安全，才能够为企业带来较高的经济效益及社会效益。

Children’s drama is an independent type of drama and has a long history in our country. It is a comprehensive stage art that takes children as its service objects, focuses on the performance of actors, and integrates multiple artistic methods such as literature, music, dance, and fine arts. It creates an artistic environment for children, which needs children to feel with audio-visual and heart. It enables children to be personally on the scene and obtain unique artistic enjoyment. Contemporary children’s drama has also been introduced into school education and become a unique form of children’s creative and autonomous learning.
       The comprehensive characteristics of children’s drama and stage art determine that children's drama performances are more in line with the professional requirements of preschool education students, which is of great help to improve students’ professional skills and comprehensive abilities. The preschool education major is a highly practical and comprehensive major. Students’ artistic skills mainly include vocal music, piano, dance, painting, handicraft, language arts, gymnastics and other abilities. Each of them is one of the core skills of kindergarten teachers’ specialization. In fact, children’s drama course is a kind of“whole person education”. In addition to developing children’s acting talent, it pays attention
to the development of children's intelligence, nature and temperament, and promotes the development of children in all aspects. For example, the most important thing is to tap children’s language ability and right brain development, stimulate children’s courage and cultivate children’s self-confidence, body language, etc. It can not only enhance children’s interest, but also enable children to obtain physical and mental pleasure and development, shape children’s healthy personality, and allow children to fully express themselves.

前 言

儿童戏剧是戏剧中一个独立的剧种，在我国已有较长的历史。它是一种以儿童为服务对象，以演员的表演为中心，综合了文学、音乐、舞蹈、美术等多种艺术手段的综合性舞台艺术。它为儿童创造了一个需要儿童用视听和心灵去感受的艺术环境，使儿童身临其境，获得独特的艺术享受。当代儿童戏剧也被引入学校教育中，成为儿童创造性、自主性学习的一种独特形式。
        儿童戏剧舞台艺术的综合性特征，决定了儿童剧表演更符合学前教育专业学生的专业要求，对提高学生的专业技能和综合能力大有帮助。学前教育专业是一个实用性和综合性很强的专业，学生的艺术技能主要包括声乐、钢琴、舞蹈、绘画、手工、语言艺术、体操等能力，它们都是幼儿园教师专业化的核心技能之一。儿童戏剧课程其实是一种“全人教育”，除了开发孩子的表演天赋外，注重孩子的智力开发、天性释放、气质等方面的开发，同时带动儿童各方面的发展，譬如最重要的是挖掘孩子的语言能力、右脑开发，激发孩子的勇气和培养孩子的自信心、肢体语言等。”既能提升孩子们的兴趣，又能使孩子得到身心的愉悦与发展，塑造孩子的健全人格，让孩子得到充分的自我表达。

With the rapid development of China’s social economy, power engineering construction is also gradually increasing, its importance is self-evident, in order to better adapt to the actual needs of power engineering construction, the requirements of power engineering construction quality is also higher and higher. The construction technology of electric power engineering is particularly important for the safety construction of electric power engineering. Therefore, we must pay more attention to the construction technology and management of electric power engineering, and formulate scientific and reasonable electric power construction scheme, so as to promote the effective improvement of the construction quality of electric power engineering. In the construction of power engineering, its construction technology directly affects the quality of power engineering construction, so it is particularly important to strengthen the management of power engineering construction technology. We must strive to improve the power engineering construction technology, strengthen the construction quality, and promote the power enterprises to achieve good development and progress in the fierce market competition.
        For power engineering, its construction technology and management is related to the construction quality and safety. Therefore, we must pay attention to the improvement of construction technology and strengthen management measures. In order to provide reference for construction management personnel in work, strengthen the construction of standardization system, strengthen management consciousness, establish perfect work standards and management standards, and standardize management, we need to establish process and rules and regulations with responsibility system as the core. We should take the process quality as the basis, take the quality inspection and evaluation standards and engineering construction specifications as the guidance, and achieve the excellent in civilized construction, construction quality, unit production level and process level, and realize the requirements of the unit to meet the requirements of production. Only by setting up the awareness of the whole staff, can the excellent products enter the market.

前 言

随着我国社会经济的飞速发展，电力工程建设也是逐渐增多，其重要性不言而喻， 为更好地适应电工程建设实际需求， 对电力工程建设质量的要求也是越来越高。电力工程的施工技术对电力工程安全建设尤为重要，所以，我们必须加强重视电力工程施工技术与管理，制定科学合理的电力施工方案，进而促使电力工程施工质量的有效提升。在电力工程的施工中，其施工技术直接影响到电力工程施工质量，所以加强对电工程施工技术的管理尤为重要。我们必须努力提电力工程施工技术，强化施工质量，促进电力企业在激烈的市场竞争中实现良好地发展及进步。
      对于电力工程来讲，其施工技术及管理关系到施工质量及安全。因此，我们必须重视对其施工技术的提升，加强管理措施。为给施工管理人员在工作上提供参考及借鉴，加强标准化体系建设，强化管理意识、建立完善的工作标准和管理标准，规范管理，建立责任制为核心的工序及规章制度。以工艺质量为本，以质量验评标准和工程施工规范为指导，在文明施工、施工质量、机组投产水平、工艺水平方面达到优秀，实现机组达标投产的要求。唯有树立全员精品意识，才能精品闯市场。

Construction technology management mainly uses management function and scientific methods to promote the development of technical work. The construction process is in strict accordance with national policies and laws and regulations and a good technical order is set up in order to achieve the full completion of construction tasks with high quality. Therefore, technology and economy, speed of progress and quality are harmoniously unified. Technology management is to use advanced and reasonable method of construction to transform scientific technology into productivity so as to guarantee the construction quality fundamentally. It also benefit the education and cultivation of new technology, new methods and construction personnel, which continuously improve the construction technical quality and benefit the maximization of construction scheme and resources. Therefore, production efficiency is improved and cost is reduced and then promote the improvement of production technology level.
     The construction technology management of bridge engineering is the important content of bridge engineering management, which affects the implementation of engineering technical specifications and technical standards and the quality of the project. Based on the introduction of the construction technology management of bridge engineering, the paper puts forward the implementing of the relevant specifications, standards and systems of bridge engineering construction technology, establishing construction technology management organization, collecting and sorting out construction technical data, implementing construction management system and other measures to improve the construction technology management level. Taking the construction of bored pile, the fabrication and installation of beam and slab, and the deck pavement as an example, their technical managements are analyzed. The practice shows that taking effective construction technology management measures is helpful to realize the quality and benefit of bridge engineering.

前 言

施工技术管理工作主要是运用管理职能和科学的方法，去促进技术工作的开展，在施工过程中严格按照国家政策和法律法规，建立良好的技术秩序，以达到高质量的全面完成施工任务，从而使技术与经济、 进度与质量和谐统一。技术管理是采用先进合理的施工坊法将科学技术转化成生产力，从根本上保证施工质量，有利于新技术、新方法和施工人员的教育培养，不断提高施工技术素质，有利于施工方案和资源的最大化配置，以提高生产效率、降低成本，从而促使生产技术水平再提高。
        桥梁工程施工技术管理工作属于桥梁工程管理的重要内容，影响着工程技术规范及技术标准落实及工程质量。在概述桥梁工程施工技术管理的基础上，提出贯彻执行桥梁工程施工技术相关规范、标准及制度，成立施工技术管理机构，收集与整理施工技术资料，落实施工管理制度等措施，提高施工技术管理水平。并以钻孔灌注桩施工、梁板制作及安装、桥面铺装为例，对其技术管理工作进行分析。实践证明，采取有效的施工技术管理措施，有助于实现桥梁工程质量及效益。