Since the beginning of the 21st century, China’s economy has developed rapidly, and the transportation industry has developed rapidly. Due to China’s strong support for Internet technology and scientific and technological innovation, under the promotion of this policy, the scale of the transportation industry is huge, and the existing transportation network can not adapt to it, so the highway construction is increasing. With the maturity of highway construction technology, the quality of highway construction has been greatly improved. Combining theory with practice, the highway construction technology in China has made great achievements.
    This book expounds the basic theory of highway engineering through the analysis of highway engineering construction technology, highway bridge construction technology, tunnel engineering construction technology, highway engineering construction cost management, technical management and highway ecological protection technology. Through the discussion of highway engineering construction technology, this book studies the development and application of highway engineering construction technology. It is a professional book combining theory with practice, and there is no lack of innovative highway engineering construction technology, in order to provide a new theoretical support and assistance for the vast number of highway engineering practitioners in China, and contribute to China’s transportation and highway construction.

前 言

进入 21 世纪以来，我国的经济发展较快， 交通运输业迅猛发展，由于我国大力支持互联网技术和科技创新，在这一政策的推动下，运输业的规模庞大，现有的交通网络已不能适应，所以公路建设不断增加，随着公路建设技术的日趋成熟，公路建设的质量也得到了较大完善，理论结合实践使我国公路施工技术取得较大发展的成果。
        本书通过对公路工程施工技术、高速公路桥梁施工技术、隧道工程施工技术与公路工程施工成本管理、技术管理以及公路的生态保障技术的分析，阐明公路工程的基础理论，通过对公路工程施工技术的探讨，研究了公路工程施工技术的发展与应用，是一本理论与实践相结合，又不乏创新的公路工程施工技术的专业书籍，以期为我国广大公路工程从业者提供全新的理论支持与辅助，为我国的交通运输与公路建设添砖加瓦。

众所周知，电能是现代人类社会赖以生存和发展的极其重要的物质技术基础。电能的应用已经深入到现代人类社会生活和生产的各个方面。电能的应用给人类社会带来了光明、动力和现代文明。现代社会的信息技术、智能技术及其他高新技术，无一不是建立在电能应用的基础之上。然而，由于“电”的特殊性能，它既看不见，听不到， 又摸不得， 人们不能凭视觉和听觉更不能凭触觉来直接判断某处是否有电，而且电的传播速度又极快，几乎与光速相等，因此一旦接通电源，则不论与电源相连的导体距离电源有多远， 人们只要接触此导体就可遭受其触电的伤害， 轻则受伤，重则致残或丧命。又由于电流通过导体时要产生热效应，在电路过负荷或短路时可烧毁设备或引发火灾爆炸，还要造成停电，给人们的正常生活、生产和生命财产造成巨大的损失。因此在用电过程中，一定要本着“以人为本、安全第一”的方针，切实注意安全用电，作好安全用电工作。
       本书之所以名为《城市供电与用电安全管控》，不只是由于在讲述安全用电技术知识时，侧重在人们日常生活和生产用电中必备的安全知识，理论联系实际，论述浅显易懂，而更主要的是本书尽量以我国现行标准规范为依据，力求增强读者的标准规范意识。

In recent years, with the rapid development of China’s social and economic construction, the situation of load, three-dimensional, large area, large space modern fire and mine collapse, super typhoon, leakage of dangerous chemicals and other major disasters and accidents is increasingly severe, and the development of China’s fire protection industry has been severely challenged.
       In the process of industrial production, due to improper management, technical defects and other reasons, there are often fire and explosion accidents, resulting in serious property losses or casualties. With the development of modern industry, the production process is more and more complex, and the risk and harmfulness of industrial medium fire and explosion are also increasing. Therefore, the problem of fire and explosion prevention has become a social concern and the top priority in production safety.
        Fire accident is very destructive. Once a fire accident happens, it will cause serious consequences. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the basic knowledge of fire and explosion, master the general rules of such accidents, and take effective fire and explosion prevention measures for the development of national economy. It is hoped that through this course, students can understand the hazards of fire and explosion disasters, be familiar with and master the basic theory and technical methods of preventing and controlling fire and explosion disasters, so as to effectively prevent the occurrence of fire and explosion accidents, ensure the life safety of operators and reduce property losses.
      If there is a fire, it will cause great harm to the building residents. In order to strengthen the residential fire prevention management effect, we need to consider the existing problems in the field of building fire prevention, innovate the management content, do a good job in fire prevention supervision and management, and ensure the property safety and personal safety of the public.

前 言

近年来，随着我国社会和经济建设的快速发展，负荷、立体型、大面积、大空间的现代火灾及矿井坍塌、超强台风、化学危险品泄漏等重大灾害事故形势日益严峻，我国消防事业的发展受到了严峻挑战。
       在工业生产过程中，由于管理不当、技术缺陷等原因，常引发火灾爆炸事故，造成严重的财产损失或人员伤亡。随着现代工业的发展，生产工艺越来越复杂，工业介质发生火灾爆炸的危险性与危害性也随之升高。因此，防火防爆问题已成为社会广为关注的问题和安全生产中的头等大事。
       火灾事故具有很大的破坏性，一旦发生火灾事故，会造成严重的后果。所以认真研究火灾和爆炸的基本知识，掌握发生这类事故的一般规律，采取有效的防火与防爆措施，对发展国民经济具有非常重要的意义。希望通过这门课程，使学生能够了解火灾与爆炸灾害的危害，熟悉和掌握杜绝控制火灾与爆炸灾害的基本理论与技术方法，从而有效防止火灾与爆炸事故的发生，保障作业人员生命安全和减少财产损失。
      如果发生火灾，同时会对建筑居民造成极大的伤害，为了加强住宅防火管理效果，需要结合实际情况，考虑建筑消防领域存在的问题，创新管理内容，做好防火监督管理工作，保障大众的财产安全与人身安全。

The electrical automation control system has the fast and accurate requirements for information collection, and also has high requirements for the reliability and anti-interference of the automatic protection device. The electrical automation has the advantages of optimizing the power supply design, improving the operation and utilization rate of the equipment and promoting the rational utilization of power resources.
       Electrical automation control technology is highly integrated by network communication technology, computer technology and electronic technology, so the technology covers a relatively wide area, but also has a great dependence on its core technology electronic technology. Only based on a variety of advanced technologies can it form a functional and stable electrical automation control system, and the production automation can be realized by combining the electrical automation control system with industrial production process equipment. The electrical automation control technology has higher accuracy in application, and it has the characteristics of fast signal transmission and quick reaction. If the control objects of the electrical automation control system in the operation stage are less and the equipment coordination degree is high, the automation degree of the whole industrial production process is relatively high, this also means that the product quality under this process can be improved to a new level.
       At this stage, the electrical automation control system based on Internet technology and computer technology can realize the remote monitoring of industrial automation production line. Through the central control room, it can realize the monitoring of the operation status of each automatic production line, and adjust its production parameters at any time according to the requirements of industrial production. Electrical automation control technology is composed of a variety of technologies, which is mainly based on computer technology, network technology and electronic technology, and highly integrated with these three technologies. Therefore, electrical automation control technology needs a lot of technical support, especially has a strong dependence on these three main technologies. Electrical automation technology fully combines the advantages of various technologies to make electrical automation control system have more functions and better serve the public. In the new era, electrical automation control technology makes full use of the advantages of computer technology and Internet technology. It can also monitor the whole industrial production process, and timely adjust the production line data according to the actual production needs to meet the actual needs.

前 言

电气自动化控制系统对信息采集具有快速准确的要求，同时对设备的自动保护装置的可靠性以及抗干扰性要求很高，电气自动化具有优化供电设计、提高设备运行与利用率、促进电力资源合理利用的优点。
         电气自动化控制技术是由网络通信技术、计算机技术以及电子技术高度集成，所以该项技术的技术覆盖面积相对较广，同时也对其核心技术一电子技术有着很大的依赖性，只有基于多种先进技术才能使其形成功能丰富、运行稳定的电气自动化控制系统， 并将电气自动化控制系统与工业生产工艺设备结合后来实现生产自动化。电气自动化控制技术在应用中具有更高的精确性，并且其具有信号传输快、反应速度快等特点， 如果电气自动化控制系统在运行阶段的控制对象较少且设备配合度高，则整个工业生产工艺的自动化程度便相对较高，这也意味着该种工艺下的产品质量可以提升至一个新的水平。
         现阶段基于互联网技术和电子计算机技术而成的电气自动化控制系统，可以实现对工业自动化产线的远程监控，通过中心控制室来实现对每一条自动化产线运行状态的监控，并且根据工业生产要求随时对其生产参数进行调整。电气自动化控制技术是由多种技术共同组成的， 其主要以计算机技术、 网络技术和电子技术为基础，并将这 3 种技术高度集成于一身， 所以， 电气自动化控制技术需要很多技术的支持，尤其是对这 3 种主要技术有着很强的依赖性。电气自动化技术充分结合各项技术的优势，使电气自动化控制系统具有更多功能，更好地服务于社会大众。在新时期，电气自动化控制技术充分利用了计算机技术以及互联网技术的优势，还可以对整个工业生产工艺的流程进行监控，按照实际生产需要及时调整生产线数据，来满足实际的需求。