With the continuous development of social economy, China’s water conservancy construction has made further development. As an important part of water conservancy infrastructure project, hydrology and water resources survey plays an important role in promoting the sustainable development of hydrology. Therefore, it is of great significance to strengthen the research of hydrology and water resources survey.
      Due to the different living habits, living standards and climatic conditions, people’s domestic water demand is very different. With the improvement of living standards, especially the large-scale construction of modern cities, the water consumption of urban residents is increasing day by day. With the rapid development of industry, agriculture and urban construction, the demand for fresh water is growing rapidly. More and more industrial wastewater and domestic sewage will be produced, and a considerable amount of wastewater will be directly discharged into the nearby water body without reasonable treatment, causing serious pollution to water resources. The hydrogeological survey provides hydrogeological data for the design of engineering projects and the formulation of national economic development plan. Hydrogeological survey is a project with the basic theory of hydrogeology as the guiding ideology, which studies the methods and theories of hydrogeological survey. The optimization of hydrogeological survey is conducive to the improvement of survey quality and the stability of the project. In order to promote the stable operation of engineering survey, we should do a good job in hydrogeological survey, which provides a theoretical basis for effectively solving hydrogeological problems.

前 言

随着社会经济不断发展，我国水利建设事业取得了进一步发展。水文水资源勘测作为水利基础建设工程的重要组成部分，在促进水文事业可持续发展等方面具有重要作用。因此，加强对水文水资源勘测的研究具有重要意义。
        人们的生活用水量，由于人们的生活习惯和生活水平及气候条件不同，生活需水量差异十分悬殊，随着生活水平的提高，特别是现代化城市的大量建设，城市居民用水量日益增加，随着工业、农业和城市建设的迅速发展，对淡水的需求量急剧增长。随之将产生越来越多的工业废水和生活污水，有相当多的废水不经合理处理直接排入附近水体，造成对水资源的严重污染。而水文地质勘测工作为工程项目的设计和国民经济发展规划的制定提供了水文地质资料。水文地质勘测是一项以水文地质基本理论作为为指导思想的工程，研究水文地质的调查方法和理论。水文地质勘测的优化，有利于勘察质量的提升，确保工程能够稳定进行。为了促进工程勘察的稳定运行，我们要切实的做好水文地质勘测工作，为有效解决水文地质问题提供了理论基础。

Since the beginning of the new century, the economy in our country has been developing in full swing. With the acceleration of urbanization process, the demand for vehicles is also increasing, and the driving distance has also increased to a certain extent. In our transportation industry, highway bridges and tunnels occupies a very large proportion, and the construction quality is of great significance to the improvement of our country's economic level, and directly affects the improvement of people's living standards and quality. In the actual construction of a project, it is necessary to ensure that the quality of the project meets the needs of all aspects, and also we need to take some feasible measures to strengthen management, so as to push the highway and bridge construction to a new level.
         At present, our country attaches great importance to infrastructure construction, and is actively carrying out infrastructure construction work. Road, bridge and tunnel engineering is an important part of infrastructure construction, and the number of road, bridge and tunnel construction projects is increasing year by year. In order to ensure the overall safety of the construction projects, we need to comprehensively analyze the key and difficult points of the construction technology of road, bridge and tunnel projects, and continuously improve the overall construction technology level. The rapid development of our economic construction has greatly promoted the development of our transportation industry. In the construction process of highway and bridge engineering, the construction of bridge and tunnel engineering is very critical. The whole construction process has a high risk degree, and has extremely high requirements for construction technology. Once any error occurs, the consequences will be unimaginable. Therefore, it is very necessary to enhance research on the construction technology of bridge and tunnel engineering. Based on the analysis of the construction technology of bridge and tunnel engineering, this article discusses the problems easily arise in the actual construction process, and proposes corresponding solutions, looking forward to helping with the better construction of bridge and tunnel engineering in our country.

前 言

进入新世纪以来，我国经济一直在如火如荼地向前发展，随着城市化进程不断加快，对车辆的需求也在不断增加，车辆行驶距离也有了一定程度的提高。在我国交通运输行业中公路桥梁隧道占据着非常大的比重，其施工质量对我国经济水平的提升具有非常重要的意义，直接影响着人们生活水平与质量的提升。在实际的工程项目建设中，既要确保工程质量满足各个方面的需求，又要采取一些可行的措施加强管理，从而使得公路桥梁的建设水平上升到一个新的台阶。
        当前我国充分重视基础设施建设，积极开展基础设施建设工作。道路桥梁隧道工程作为基础设施建设中重要的组成部分，道路桥梁隧道建设工程项目和数量逐年增加。为了确保工程项目的整体安全性，应全面分析道路桥梁隧道工程项目施工技术的重点和难点，不断提高整体施工技术水平。我国经济建设的快速发展，极大的促进了我国交通事业的发展。在公路桥梁工程的建设过程中，桥梁隧道工程的建设相当关键，其整个施工过程危险程度较高，同时对于施工技术也有着极高的要求，一旦出现差错，后果将不堪设想。因此，加大对桥梁隧道工程施工技术的研究是非常有必要的。本文在对桥梁隧道工程施工技术进行分析的基础上，探讨了实际施工过程中容易出现的问题，并提出了相应的解决措施，以期对促进我国桥梁隧道工程建设的更好进行有所益处。

In recent years, with the increasing investment in power infrastructure projects in  China, we must implement effective management of complex infrastructure business  through information system. The enterprise resource planning (ERP) is an advanced  management idea, which focuses on organization model, business process, enterprise rules  and regulations, information technology, etc.  

       Power engineering management is an important part of power enterprise  management in China, and plays an indispensable role in the power system. The  management of electric power project has an important influence on the economic benefits  of project investors and construction enterprises. In recent years, with the implementation  of China’s sustainable development strategy, the construction of power engineering  projects is gradually increasing. For China’s power grid, under the premise of ensuring the  improvement of the power grid system and power supply quality, the reasonable cost  control can not only improve China’s economic level, but also help China’s power grid  system to be more mature and perfect. At present, the high project cost is largely due to the  unscientific and unreasonable management mode of power grid system. Therefore, if we  want to control the project cost, we should start from the perspective of management.

前 言  

近些年来，伴随着我国在电力基建工程上投资的日趋增加，我们必须要通过信息系统，来对繁杂的基建业务实施有效的管理。而企业资源计划，它是集中了组织模型、业务流程、企业规章制度以及信息技术等，其在管理思想上比较先进。 电力工程管理是我国电力企业管理工作的重要组成部分，在电力系统中发挥不可或缺的作用。

        电力工程管理工作对工程投资主体的经济利益、施工企业的经济效益有着重要的影响。近年来，随着我国可持续发展战略的实施，电力工程项目的建设也逐渐增多。对于我国电网而言，在保障电网体系的完善和供电质量的前提下，最大限度地合理控制造价成本，这不但能够提升我国的经济水平，而且有助于我国电网体系更加成熟完善。当前，工程造价过高很大程度上是因为电网体系的管理模式不科学不合理，因此若要对工程造价进行控制，那么就应当从管理这一角度来着手解决。

The construction quality of HVAV system is very important to buildings. With the  improvement of people’s living standards, people’s demand for housing is higher and  higher, it is resonable to require buildings have better HVAV facilities to ensure the indoor  temperature.  In recent years, on the one hand, under the impetus of rapid development of social  development in our country, on the other hand, our country’s architectural level is also  improving, the number of civil architectural is increasing year by year with the expanding  scale and more and more complex structure. In the meantime, People’s requirements for  various systems in civi buildings is higher and higher. The HVAV system is an important  system in civil buildings, it will directly affects the internal air environment and comfort  level of civil buildings. Moreover, with the further implementation of sustainable  development strategy and the vigorous implementation of energy conservation and  environmental protection policy in recent years, the requirements for HVAV design is  much higher. Therefore, in designing the HVAV system of modern civil buildings, we  should not only pay attention to its functional design, but other problems should be took  into full consideration.  With the development of construction industry, the demand and requirements for  construction equipment have also been improved. Currently, the equipment used in the  buildings have developed towards a more optimized and efficient trend. During which the  use of HVAV system has attracted a lot of attention. On the one hand, it has brought great  convenience to our work and life, on the other hand, it also raised energy and resource  problems. Given the backdrop, it is important to optimize and innovate the HVAV system  design. We should strengthen the use of HVAV and choose the most suitable development  path for the current situation.

前 言  

暖通空调系统的施工质量对建筑来说非常重要。随着人民生活水平的提高，人 们对住房的需求越来越高，要求建筑有更好的暖通设施，来保证建筑物室内温度的 合理性。 近年来，一方面在我国社会经济飞速发展的推动下，另一方面在我国建筑水平 不断进步的促进下，使得我国的民用建筑工程数量逐年增多、规模不断扩大及结构 日益复杂，与此同时，人们对民用建筑中各个系统的设计要求也越来越高。暖通空 调系统是民用建筑中的一个重要系统，它的设计水平，直接影响着民用建筑的内部 空气环境与舒适度水平。而随着近年来我国可持续发展战略的深入实施及节能环保 政策的大力推行，对民用建筑暖通空调系统的设计也提出了更高的要求。所以，在 现代民用建筑暖通空调系统设计中，不但要关注到其功能性设计问题，还要充分考 虑到其他设计问题。 随着建筑行业的不断发展，对于建筑设备的需求和要求也得到了提升。当前针 对建筑行业内部所使用的相关设备，已朝向更优化、更高效趋势发展。在这个过程 中暖通空调的使用也引起了更多人的重视，一方面暖通空调的应用为我们的工作生 活带来了极大的便利，另一方面也引发了相关的能源资源问题。在这种环境背景下， 提出对于暖通空调控制系统设计的优化和创新是十分必要的。加强当前暖通空调的 实际使用状况，为目前的发展选择出最合适的发展路径。

The harmonious coexistence of human and architectural environment is the eternal development theme of architecture. Generally speaking, green building is to save resources (such as saving energy, land, water, building materials and so on.), protect the environment and reduce pollution on the premise of meeting people’s use requirements, so that people and nature can coexist harmoniously. In recent years, China’s central government and provincial and local governments have successively introduced the development policy system of green building, and the space scale settlement of “building energy saving green building green residential area green ecological city” is gradually forming. Prefabricated building is a kind of building assembled on site with prefabricated components produced by factory. The advantage of this kind of building is that the construction speed is fast, and the restriction of climate conditions is small. It can not only save labor but also improve the construction quality. Generally speaking, it is like building a house like a car. In 2016, the State Council issued the“guidance on vigorously developing prefabricated buildings” to vigorously promote the development of national prefabricated buildings.
      At present, China’s housing industry is mainly developing in the direction of dress matching housing construction technology, and combining it with the development concept of green building. In other words, on the basis of ensuring the service life and practicability of buildings, we should try our best to achieve energy conservation and emission reduction, that is, to save energy, land and materials, to minimize pollution emissions, and to create a safe, healthy, practical and beautiful residential environment for people. In housing construction, especially in indemnificatory housing construction, we must integrate the principle of green building into the design, and strive to realize the standardization and assembly of housing construction. The purpose of this book is to explore the prefabricated building technology and green building technology, in order to contribute to the development of China’s housing industry.

前 言

人与建筑环境和谐共处是建筑永恒的发展主题。绿色建筑，通俗来讲就是在满足人们使用要求的前提下，最大限度地节约资源（如节约能源、节约用地、节约用水、节约建材等）、保护环境及减少污染，使人与自然和谐共存。近年来，我国中央政府及省市地方政府陆续出台了关于绿色建筑的发展政策体系， “建筑节能-绿色建筑-绿色住区-绿色生态城区”的空间规模化聚落正在逐步形成。装配式建筑是指用工厂生产的预制构件在现场装配而成的建筑。这类建筑的优点是建筑速度快，受气候条件的制约小，既可节约劳动力又可提高建筑质量，通俗来说，就是像造汽车一样来造房子。国务院于 2016 年发布了《关于大力发展装配式建筑的指导意见》，以此大力推动国家装配式建筑的发展。
        当前，我国住宅产业主要朝着装配式住宅建设技术的方向发展，并且将其和绿色建筑的发展理念相结合，也就是在保证建筑的使用寿命、实用性的基础之上，尽可能地做到节能减排，即节约能源、土地.材料等，尽量减少污染排放，给人们创造安全健康、实用美观的住宅环境。在住宅建设中，特别是在保障性住宅建设中一定要将绿色建筑的原则融入设计中，努力实现住宅建设的标准化和装配化。本书旨在深入探讨装配式建筑技术及绿色建筑技术，以期为我国住宅产业的发展贡献绵薄之力。