Highway engineering construction is closely related to all aspects of our living environment. It can be said that highway construction is an important cause related to people’s livelihood, and its development degree plays an important role in social development. Therefore, we should attach importance to highway construction in China, improve the coverage rate of highway, and attach importance to the quality of highway construction, strengthen the construction of highway engineering to facilitate our life.

  At present, the scale of construction projects is expanding day by day, and the types are increasingly diverse, showing a vigorous development momentum. Throughout the country, tens of thousands of high-rise buildings have sprung up. The rapid development of highway and railway construction has made remarkable achievements. The crisscross road network and railway network continue to extend and improve, which effectively promotes the sustained, rapid and healthy growth of the national economy. For the whole construction industry, improving the technical level and professional skills of construction personnel can effectively improve product quality and social benefits. For the construction personnel, improving their professional quality, especially some high-tech operation level, can greatly improve labor production efficiency, reduce labor intensity, speed up project progress, and reduce safety accidents.

  The effective management of highway engineering is an important work in the project, which plays a positive role in the control and evaluation of project quality, as well as speeding up the project progress and reducing the project cost. Highway management is also complex, with the rapid development of China’s economy, the role of highway in the process of national economic development is becoming more and more important, the country’s investment in highway is increasing, so it is very necessary to strengthen the management and practical analysis of highway engineering.

前 言

公路工程建设与我们生活环境的方方面面都有着密切的关联，可以说，公路建设是关系到民生的一项重要的事业，其发展程度对于社会的发展有着重要的作用，因此我们要重视我国的公路建设，提高公路的覆盖率，重视公路的建设质量。加强对公路工程的建设，便利我们的生活。
       当前，建设工程的规模日益扩大，种类日益繁多，呈现出蓬勃发展的势头。纵观全国，数以万计的高楼拔地而起，公路、铁路建设发展迅猛，成就斐然，纵横交错的公路网和铁路网不断延伸、完善，有力地推动着国民经济持续快速健康增长。对于整个建设行业来说，提高施工人员的技术水平和专业技能，可以有效地提高产品质量和社会效益。对于施工人员来说，提高自身的专业素质，特别是一些高技术含量的操作水平，可以大大提升劳动生产效率、降低劳动强度、加快工程进度、减少安全事故。
       公路工程有效管理是工程当中的一项重要工作，其对工程质量的控制、评定以及加快工程进度、降低工程造价都起着积极的作用。公路中的管理环节也是纷繁复杂的，随着我国经济的快速发展，公路在国家经济发展过程中的作用越来越重要，国家对公路的投资越来越大，因此加强对公路工程的管理与实务分析，就显得非常有必要。

  With the increasing development of economic globalization, the requirements for port and waterway engineering technology are more rigorous in order to adapt to the economic development. The construction of China’s economy is increasingly prosperous and develops into various forms. At the same time, China has also made breakthroughs in the field of foreign trade. As the window of China’s foreign trade, port and waterway plays an important role in promoting the national economic development and regional prosperity. Therefore, port and waterway engineering construction attract more and more attention of the society, and the technology applied in port and waterway engineering becomes more and more standardized. In recent years, China has invested more and more manpower and material resources in port and waterway engineering, which has a great impact on the continuing development of foreign trade.

  As the essential infrastructure of foreign trade, port and waterway highly promotes the national and regional development. Therefore, it has been paid more and more attention by the country and the people; its technical construction and management have to meet the higher and higher requirement offered by the people. This book gives a brief exploration, analysis and interpretation in the field of port and waterway engineering, mainly introduces the port management and waterway engineering which could provide theoretical support and reference experience for the construction of port and waterway engineering in the future.

  In view of the vast contents of port and waterway engineering and the limitation of compilers’ abilities, the content of the book may be inappropriate in some parts. Readers who use this textbook are welcome to criticize and correct the mistakes and deficiencies so that it could be further revised and supplemented in the future.

前 言

随着经济全球化的不断深入，为了适应经济的发展，对于港口航道工程技术的要求更加严格。中国的经济建设日益繁荣并呈现出多种形态，与此同时，中国在对外贸易领域也取得了突破性进展。港口航道作为中国对外贸易的窗口，对于国家经济的发展和地区繁荣都有良好的推动作用，因而，港口航道工程建设越来越受到社会的关注，对于港口航道工程的技术日趋规范，近几年，中国在港口航道工程上投入更多的人力、物力，对对外贸易的不断发展起着不可忽视的作用。
       港口航道作为对外贸易必不可少的基础设施，对整个国家和地区的发展有很大的促进作用，因此也越来越受到国家和人民的重视，人们对其技术建设和管理方面也提出越来越高的要求。本文就港口航道工程方面进行了探索分析与解读，着重介绍了港口管理和航道工程，可为今后的港口航道工程的施工提供借鉴经验和理论支持。
       鉴于港航工程内容浩瀚，编写人员水平有限，内容难免失当。欢迎使用本教材的读者，对其中的错误与不足，提出批评指正，以便今后进一步修改补充。

At present, our country has entered a new development stage of building a well-off society in an all-round way. With the gradual establishment of the socialist market economic system, people’s moral concepts and behavior patterns have changed profoundly. While great achievements have been made in the construction of spiritual civilization and material civilization, due to complicated historical reasons, there are still serious breaches of trust in social and economic life, such as malicious debt evasion, contract breach, debt default, tax evasion, smuggling and foreign exchange evasion, commercial fraud, counterfeit and shoddy, financial distortion, violation of financial discipline. These dishonest behaviors are still prominent, disrupting the social and economic order, damaging the interests of consumers, and affecting the healthy development of the national economy and the international image of China.

The socialist market economy is both a legal economy and a credit economy. Credit is the cornerstone of a modern market economy. Without credit, there is no order, and the market economy cannot develop healthily. The establishment of a social credit system is a fundamental measure to rectify and standardize the order of the market economy, as well as an important measure to improve the socialist market economic system.
    Due to the limited level of the author and the limited time, it is unavoidable to have some deficiencies in this book. Experts and readers are welcome to criticize and correct.

前 言

当前，我国已进入全面建设小康社会新的发展阶段，随着社会主义市场经济体制逐步建立，人们的道德观念和行为方式发生了深刻变化。在精神文明建设和物质文明建设取得巨大成就的同时，由于复杂的历史原因，社会经济生活中恶意逃债、合同违约、债务拖欠、偷逃税费、走私逃汇、商业欺诈、假冒伪劣等失信现象还相当严重，财务失真、违反财经纪律的行为仍然突出，扰乱了社会经济秩序、损害了消费者利益、影响了国民经济健康发展和我国的国际形象。
       社会主义市场经济既是法制经济， 也是信用经济， 信用是现代市场经济的基石。没有信用就没有秩序，市场经济就不可能健康发展。建立社会信用体系，是整顿和规范市场经济秩序的治本之策，也是完善社会主义市场经济体制的重要措施。
       受时间和水平的限制， 本书难免会有不妥之处， 烦请各位专家和读者批评指正。

As a complete discipline, journalism is a social science that studies the nature all news phenomena, reveals the law behind the news activities and solves the universal and fundamental problems of journalism. As an independent and complete discipline system, this book mainly introduces the basic theory of the journalism system, studies and explains the basic laws of news communication. As for the applied courses of journalism, they reveal the specific laws of the operational levels or technical links of news communication. To learn the basic theory of journalism and to be familiar with the basic laws of news communication is the basis of learning other courses of journalism as well as the important premise to correctly analyze news phenomenon and effectively guide news practice.
      Relying on the Internet, various kinds of new media appear in people’s daily life in various forms, which greatly changes people’s life scenes and their perception of media and the media-centered lifestyle has become an indisputable fact. In view of this situation, newspapers, magazines, radio, television and other traditional media have to either strengthen themselves or adapt to the changes caused by new situation. In a word, the forms of media have been transformed in the ways of integration or innovation and change. Digital technology, represented by the Internet, has become an important force in shaping the news industry. It not only puts the industry into hot water but also brings the opportunities for future development. News industry actively or passively starts the innovation of new products in order to get out the predicament, look for new direction and path of development. The consequences of news innovation have both economic and social significance. The success and failure of innovation is not only related to the current situation of journalism, but also determines the future of news industry. The emergence of news innovation has triggered the rise of the research of news innovation. Because of the limited experience of the editor, there may be some deficiencies in this book. Readers are welcome to give criticism and correction.

前 言

新闻学作为一个完整的学科，是研究全部新闻现象的本质、揭示新闻活动的规律、解决新闻事业的普遍性和根本性问题的一门社会科学。而作为一门独立完整的学科体系的构成，本文主要讲解新闻学体系中的基础理论部分，研究和阐述的是新闻传播的基本规律；而新闻学的应用性课程，则揭示的是新闻传播的各个操作层面或者技术环节的具体规律。学好新闻学的基础理论，熟悉新闻传播的基本规律，是学好新闻专业其他课程的基础，也是正确分析新闻现象和有效指导新闻实践的重要前提。
       以互联网为依托，各种新兴的媒介形式以种类繁多的样态出现在人们的日常生活之中，大大地改变了人们的生活场景和对于媒介的感知，媒介化生存已经成为不争的事实。针对这种情况，报纸、杂志、广播、电视等传统的媒介，或者加强自身的塑造，或者适应新的情境的变化，总之媒介的样态以融合或者求新求变的形式也进行了诸多的改造。以互联网为代表的数字技术已经成为形塑新闻业的重要力量，它使新闻业陷入困境的同时，也为未来的发展带来机遇。新闻业主动或被动地启动创新过程研发创新产品以应对困境，寻找新的发展方向和路径。新闻创新的后果不仅具有经济层面的意义，也具有社会层面的意义。创新的成败不仅与新闻业当下的处境有关，也决定着新闻业的未来。新闻创新现象的涌现又引发了新闻创新研究的兴起。由于编者经验不足，本文可能会出现错漏，望广大读者给予批评指正。

With the continuous update and popularization of network technology, new media has become a landscape that can not be ignored in today’s world. Although the Internet is only 40 years old since its birth, apanet, which was first established by Americans in 1969, only connects four hosts. But nowadays, various new media devices such as personal computers, smart phones, readers, smart watches, smart glasses and other new media devices have been widely used and popularized all over the world, playing an increasingly important role in modern social life.
    Whether it is in the crowded portal website, or in the social networking site where everyone has a microphone, whether it is to spread information, express oneself, or study, work, entertainment and leisure, the “flat world” constructed by the Internet has deeply changed the world’s politics, economy, military, culture, science and technology, media and many other fields. It also provides a new way of interaction, life style and even thinking mode for the individuals of the Internet all over the world.
    As far as China is concerned, in June 2006, the number of Internet users in China surpassed that of the United States, becoming the country with the largest number of Internet users in the world. As of June 2015, the number of Internet users in China reached 668 million, with the Internet penetration rate of 48.8%, including 594 million mobile Internet users. With the characteristics of massive information, interactive communication, cross space communication, anytime and anywhere connectivity, the Internet has become the digital lifestyle of nearly 50% of Chinese people, and has become one of the biggest mutagenic factors affecting today’s Chinese society, including the field of news communication.
    The author has consulted many references and finally completed this book. Here, I would like to express my sincere thanks to the author of this book. In addition, due to the limited time and energy of the author and the lack of knowledge reserve, there will inevitably be deficiencies in the book. Readers and colleagues are invited to give criticism and correction.

前 言

随着网络技术的不断更新与普及，新媒体成为当今世界发展变革图景中一道不可忽视的风景线。 虽然互联网诞生至今不过四十余年， 1969 年美国人最早创建的阿帕网仅仅连接了四台主机，但如今个人电脑、智能手机、阅读器、智能手表、智能眼镜等各式各样的新媒体设备已在全球得到了广泛的应用与普及，在现代社会生活中扮演着越来越重要的角色。
      无论是在人流如梭的门户网站， 还是在人以群分、 人人都有麦克风的社交网站，无论是传播信息、表达自我，还是学习工作、娱乐休闲，互联网构筑起的“平的世界”深深地改变着世界的政治、经济、军事、文化、科技、传媒等诸多领域，也为全世界互联网的个体提供了一种全新的互动方式、生活方式乃至思维方式。
     就中国而言， 2006 年 6 月中国的网民规模就超过了美国，成为全球网民人数最多的国家，截至 2015 年 6 月，中国网民规模达 6.68 亿，互联网普及率为 48. 8%，其中手机网民规模达 5.94 亿。海量的信息、交互的沟通、跨时空的传播、随时随地的联通等特点使互联网成为近五成中国民众的数字化生活方式，也成为影响当今中国社会包括新闻传播领域最大的致变性因素之一。
     笔者查阅了多篇参考文献终于完成此书，在此给予文献作者最真诚的感谢。此外，由于笔者的时间和精力有限、知识储备有所欠缺，书中难免会存在不足之处，敬请各位读者及广大同行给予批评指正。