Water conservancy project is the crystallization of people’s labor wisdom, and also an important support for the survival and development of human society. With the rapid development of human society, the excessive construction of water conservancy projects often violates the laws of nature; the excessive development of water resources often makes the natural ecology overburdened; good water conservancy project management, often difficult to play a normal benefit, can not virtuous cycle. In the face of such a cruel reality, human beings began to correct their own ideas of water control under the premise of recognizing the important positioning of water conservancy projects.
       The construction of water conservancy project is the work of building water conservancy project according to the requirements of engineering structure, quantity, quality, progress and cost proposed by the design. The application, operation, maintenance and protection of water conservancy projects are an important part of water conservancy project management. After the completion of water conservancy projects, effective management is necessary to achieve the desired effect and verify the correctness of the original planning and design; the basic task of project management is to maintain the integrity and safety of engineering buildings and equipment, and make them in good technical condition; in order to control, regulate, distribute and use water resources, and give full play to the benefits of flood control, irrigation, water supply, drainage, power generation, shipping and environmental protection. To do a good job in the construction and management of water conservancy projects is essential to give full play to the engineering functions.
      This paper is mainly from the water conservancy project construction technology, through deepening the study of construction technology, combined with the management of the entire water conservancy project construction, which helps to promote the construction of modern water conservancy project to a new level.

前 言

水利工程是人民群众劳动智慧的结晶，也是人类社会赖以生存发展的重要依托。随着人类社会的迅猛发展，水利工程的过度建设，常常违背了大自然的自身规律；水资源的过度开发，常常让自然生态不堪重负；建好的水利工程疏于管理，常常难以发挥出正常的效益，不能良性循环。面对这样的残酷现实，人类在认知到水利工程重要定位的前提下，也开始校正自身的治水思路。
       水利工程施工是按照设计提出的工程结构、数量、质量、进度及造价等要求修建水利工程的工作。水利工程的运用、操作、维修和保护工作，是水利工程管理的重要组成部分，水利工程建成后，必须通过有效地管理，才能实现预期的效果和验证原来规划、 设计的正确性； 工程管理的基本任务是保持工程建筑物和设备的完整、安全，使其处于良好的技术状况；正确运用水利工程设备，以控制、调节、分配、使用水资源，充分发挥其防洪、灌溉、供水、排水、发电、航运、环境保护等效益。做好水利工程的施工与管理是发挥工程功能的鸟之两翼、车之双轮。

      本文主要是从水利工程施工技术入手，通过加深对于施工技术的研究，并结合对于整个水利工程施工的管理工作，从而有助于推动现代水利工程施工迈上一个新的台阶。

At present, water resources are increasingly affecting the economic and social development and the improvement of ecological environment. The total amount of water resources in China is relatively rich, but the per capita share of water resources in China is low, and the spatial and temporal distribution is uneven, which does not match the land resources and economic layout, so it is difficult to develop and utilize water resources. On the whole, it is faced with serious drought and flood disasters, prominent contradiction between supply and demand, extensive water use methods, and great pressure on water ecological environment. With the continuous growth of population, acceleration of urbanization, economic and social development, improvement of people’s living standards and global climate change, the contradictions and problems of water resources in China will continue to intensify, especially in the northern region. Due to the influence of continuous drought and human activities, the problem of water resources is more prominent.
     The problem of water resources and water environment is being paid attention to by all walks of life. Reasonable development and utilization of water resources, scientific treatment of sewage, and strengthening the management and protection of water resources have become an important means and guarantee measures for the sustainable development of human environment, economy and society. The protection of water resources and the treatment of water pollution are very important contents. Therefore, it is necessary to put the protection of water resources in a more important position. It is proposed to strengthen environmental protection, actively promote regional environmental governance of key river basins, urban sewage and garbage treatment, agricultural non-point source pollution control, comprehensive treatment of heavy metal pollution, and strengthening the development of water resources science and technology. The rational utilization and protection of water resources is not only a major strategy that must be vigorously developed and urgently promoted in our country at this stage, but also a common subject faced by human society.

前 言

当前，水资源正日益影响着我国区城经济社会发展与生态环境改善。我国水资源总量较为丰富，但是我国水资源人均占有量低、时空分布不均，与国土资源和经济布局不相匹配，开发利用难度大，总体上面临着旱涝灾害严重、供需矛盾突出、用水方式粗放、水生态环境压力大等水问题。随着我国人口不断增长、城市化进程加快、经济社会发展、人民生活水平提高和全球气候变化，我国水资源面临的矛盾与问题会不断加剧，特别是北方地区，由于气候持续干旱和人类活动的影响，水资源间题更加突出。
       水资源水环境问题正受到各界的关注和重视。合理开发与利用水资源，科学治理污水，加强水资源管理与保护已经成为当前人类维持环境、经济和社会可持续发展的重要手段和保证措施。水资源的保护和水污染的治理都是十分重要的内容，因此要把水资源保护摆到更加重要的位置，提出要加强环境保护，积极推进重点流域区域环境治理及城镇污水垃圾处理、农业面源污染治理、重金属污染综合整治、加强水资源科技发展等工作。水资源的合理利用与保护，不仅是我国现阶段必须大力发展和急需推进的重大战略，更是人类社会共同面临的课题。

In the history of human civilization, the relationship between water and human beings occupies an extremely important position. As a natural resource, water nurtures hundreds of millions of people on the earth, promotes the development of industry, agriculture and even social progress, making it an irreplaceable material basis for human survival. At the same time, water is also the most basic environmental factor, participating in the process of material circulation and ecological balance on the earth. It is no exaggeration to say that without water, there would be no life on the earth, let alone the prosperity and development of the world today. Since ancient times, the development and utilization of water resources have never been interrupted. Long term practice has made people accumulate rich knowledge and master various water intake and water use techniques, some of which have been used up to now.
      This paper mainly describes two parts. One part is the basic knowledge of hydrogeology, including groundwater resources and its classification; the other one is about the development, utilization and management of water resources. The surface water and groundwater are regarded as an organic whole water resources system. From the viewpoint of system science and environmental science, the evolution law of groundwater resources under the joint action of natural conditions and human activities is discussed, and the practical evaluation and prediction methods are put forward, so as to formulate the engineering plan and scheme of rational development and utilization of water resources for the sustainable development of social economy and environment.
     Due to the author’s lack of experience, there may be mistakes and omissions in the article. The hopes the readers can give criticism and correction.

前 言

在人类文明史中，水与人的关系占有极其重要的地位。水作为一种自然资源，养育着地球上数以亿计的人口，促进了工业、农业的发展乃至社会的进步，使之成为人类赖以生存的不可替代的物质基础。同时，水还是最基本的环境要素，参与着地球上物质循环和生态平衡过程。可以毫不夸张地说，没有水，就没有地球的生命，更谈不上世界今天的繁荣和发展。自古以来，人类对水资源的开发利用就从未间断过，长期的实践使人们积累了丰富的知识，掌握了各种取水和用水的技术方法，有些一直沿用到今。
     本文主要讲述了两部分内容，一部分是阐述了水文地质的基础知识，包括地下水资源及其分类等知识；一部分讲述了水资源开发、利用与管理知识。将地表水和地下水视为一个有机整体—水资源系统，从系统科学和环境科学的观点，研讨在自然条件和人为活动共同作用下水资源的演化规律， 提出切合实际的评价、 预测方法，进而为社会经济、环境可持续发展制定合理开发利用水资源的工程计划和方案。
      由于作者经验不足，文章可能出现错漏，望广大读者给与批评改正。

Water conservancy project is the infrastructure of national economy, which provides an important guarantee for people’s production and life at all stages of social development. Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, the construction management of engineering projects has gone through the construction management of the great leap forward mode in the early stage of new China’s recovery, construction management under the planned economy mode, and the current project legal person responsibility system, bidding system, construction supervision system and contract management system, which are the four systems of construction management currently implemented. A large number of engineering projects have been built in each stage, including many high-quality projects and some poor quality projects. At present, the “four systems” construction project management mode is implemented in the construction market. There are many high-quality projects, but there are also “bean curd dregs” projects, and even “projects” that spend project investment without the implementation of engineering construction. It can be seen that the level of project construction management quality has great flexibility. Because of this, the application of project management has a lot of space. The study of project management theory and practice is conducive to the efficient management of national and local construction projects, and helps to improve the overall level of national project management. According to the actual situation of various regions, scientific management, reduce costs, ensure the construction period, quality and project performance, will produce huge economic and social benefits.
    The quality of project construction management is the product of the combination of administration and technology. There are many factors affecting the quality, and it is also quite complex. This book elaborates the standardized management of water conservancy projects in detail. Due to the influence of timeliness, there are many fallacies and deficiencies in the book. Readers are welcome to correct them for improvement.

前 言

水利工程建设项目是国民经济的基础设施，在社会发展的各个阶段为人民的生产和生活提供了重要保障。新中国建立以来，工程项目建设管理经历了新中国初期恢复生产建设阶段，大跃进模式的建设管理；还有后来的计划经济模式下的建设管理；以及目前实行的项目法人负责制、招投标制、建设监理制和合同管理制，即现今推行的建设管理“四制”形式。各个阶段都建设了大量工程项目，其中有不少优质工程，也有劣质工程。目前，建筑市场实行“四制”形式的建设项目管理模式，有不少优质工程，但也有“豆腐渣”工程，甚至还有没有实施工程建设就花掉工程投资的“工程”。可见，工程项目建设管理质量的水平有很大的弹性。正因为如此，项目管理的应用具有很大的空间，项目管理理论及实践的学习，有助于国家和地方建设项目的高效管理，有助于提高国家项目管理的整体水平。根据各地的实际情况进行科学管理，减少成本，确保建设工期、质量及项目绩效，必将产生巨大的经济效益和社会效益。
       工程项目建设管理质量是行政和技术结合的产物，影响的因素很多，也相当复杂。本书对水利工程项目标准化管理进行详细阐述，由于时效性影响，书中的谬误和不足之处肯定不少，欢迎读者斧正，以便改进。

Water is the source of life, the basic material of organisms, the irreplaceable basic resources for human survival and development, and the environmental conditions for all living things on the earth. The development history of human society can also be regarded as the history of understanding, development, utilization and protection of water to a certain extent. Human beings use a lot of human, material and financial resources to control floods. At the same time, it is necessary to develop and utilize water resources to promote the rapid development of social economy. Water resource itself is not only a resource, but also a control factor of the environment. Water resource development not only brings rich benefits to people, but also has a certain impact on the ecological environment. Therefore, people pay more and more attention to the rational development, utilization and protection of water resources.
      Water conservancy project and ecological environment not only studies the problems related to the environment in the process of human development and utilization of water resources, but also studies the impact of water environment changes on water planning, construction and operation management, as well as human survival and development. Its purpose is to promote the development and utilization of water resources, reduce the adverse impact on the environment while giving play to economic benefits, maintain ecological balance and increase the role of improving the environment. Environmental water conservancy engineering technology is helpful to improve water ecological environment, overcome the adverse impact of water supply ecological environment of water conservancy project itself, and promote the development and utilization of ecological environment function of water conservancy project. Therefore, in the future water conservancy project construction, ecological environment water conservancy engineering technology will play an extremely important role.
      This paper is mainly from the water conservancy construction technology, through the analysis and research of water conservancy construction technology, so as to better connect with ecological protection, realize the harmony between human and nature, and promote the sustainable development of ecological environment.

前 言

水是生命之源，是构成生物体的基本物质，是人类赖以生存与发展的不可替代的基本资源，也是地球上所有生物赖以生存的环境条件。人类社会的发展史在一定程度上也可以看作对水的认识、开发、利用和保护的历史，人类动用大量的人力、物力、财力来治理水灾，同时又必须开发利用水资源来促进社会经济的快速发展。水资源本身既是资源，又是环境的控制要素，水资源开发在给人们带来丰厚利益的同时，也会对生态环境造成一定的影响。因此，水资源的合理开发、利用与保护越来越受到人们的重视。
        水利工程与生态环境既研究人类在水资源开发利用过程中出现的与环境相关的问题，也研究由于水体环境变化对水利规划、建设与运行管理，以及人类生存与发展的影响，其目的在于促进水资源开发利用在发挥经济效益的同时减免对环境产生的不利影响，维持生态平衡，增加改善环境的作用。环境水利工程技术有助于改善水生态环境，克服水利工程自身给水生态环境带来的不利影响，促进水利工程生态环境功能的开发和利用。因此，在未来水利工程建设中，生态环境水利工程技术将发挥极其重要的作用。

        本文主要是从水利施工技术入手，通过对水利工程施工技术进行分析和研究，从而更好地与生态保护相连接，实现人类与自然的和谐相处，推动生态环境的可持续发展。