China’s economy has stepped into the stage of taking off. As the leader in the energy industry, coal mines are developing rapidly. However, with the expansion of production, the depth and intensity of mining continue to increase, resulting in the increasingly complex geological situation of coal mining. Many coal mines have faults, folds and so on. In this case, the mining technology of coal mines is required.
    Coal mining has always been a key and difficult issue discussed in the mining industry of our country. The technology and construction technology of coal mining have naturally become a hot topic in all walks of life, especially in the same industry. In this book, the author discusses the problems of coal mine driving technology and coal mine driving support technology applied in the process of coal mine mining construction, and puts forward the discussion points. Here, it is suggested that the practitioners or researchers in the same industry take this book as a reference and reading article, and at the same time, they hope to put forward suggestions for improvement.

前 言

中国经济步入腾飞阶段，煤矿作为能源产业中的翘楚，发展日益兴盛，但是随着产量的扩大化，开采的深度与强度不断提升，导致煤矿开采的地质情况也日益复杂。许多煤矿出现了断层、褶曲等情况，在这种情况下，对煤矿的开采技术就提出了要求。
       煤矿开采一直都是我国在矿行业讨论的一个重点以及难点问题，然而，关于煤
矿开采的技术以及施工技术自然而然也就成了各行各业尤其同行业从业人员关注的热点话题，那么，本书中作者就针对在煤矿开采施工过程中应用到的煤矿掘进技术以及煤矿掘进支护技术问题展开问题的讨论，借此提出了讨论点，这里建议同行业从业人员或者是研究人员将此书作为参考和阅览篇目，与此同时也希望能够提出改进意见。

Since the Reform and Opening up, the social economy has developed rapidly. However, the economic development is at the expense of the environment. In order to ensure the sustainable development and the harmony between human and nature, it is necessary to develop modern green buildings. The engineering cost plays a very important
role in the construction engineering. The purpose of the enterprise is to make profits. Only by improving the profitability of the enterprise can more benefits be created for the society. The engineering cost is the basic measure to judge the profitability of the project. Through the engineering cost, the ability to judge the construction cost and benefit can be strengthened.
    This paper explains the green building construction technology and project cost from several aspects: including the introduction of green building materials and green construction technology to analyze the important influence of green building on people’s production and life; including the application of new technology and materials of earthwork, reinforced concrete and waterproof engineering in green building to analyze the necessity of engineering cost in green building. Although green building technology is still a new technology, is a comprehensive, systematic technology, but green building technology has  very fresh vitality, countries around the world are actively exploring it. It involves a wide range and content, and requires the cooperation and joint research of all fields and departments.

前 言

改革开放以来，社会经济飞速发展，然而经济的发展是以牺牲环境为代价，为了保证可持续发展，做到人与自然和谐相处，发展现代绿色建筑便显得非常必要；工程造价在建筑工程中所发挥的作用非常大，企业以盈利为目的，同样企业盈利能力提升才能为社会创造更多效益，工程造价是判断工程盈利能力的基础措施，通过工程造价可加强对建筑成本与效益的判断能力。

      本文从多个角度对绿色建筑施工技术与工程造价的相关内容展开了阐释：包含绿色建筑材料和绿色施工技术的介绍来分析绿色建筑对人们生产、生活的重要影响；包含对绿色建筑中土方工程、钢筋混凝土工程和防水工程的新技术、新材料在绿色建筑工程中的应用分析绿色工程中工程造价的必要性。尽管绿色建筑技术目前还是一项新技术，是一项综合的、系统性技术，但是绿色建筑技术有着非常鲜活的生命力，世界各国都在对其进行积极探索。它所涉及的范围、内容比较广，需要各个领域、各个部门的通力合作、共同研究。

In recent years, with the rapid development of China’s urbanization and the continuous improvement of people’s living standards, people’s life style and residential demand have gradually developed from “quantity” to “quality”, and the construction of urban communities is moving towards diversified and compound development. Under the background of large-scale commercial housing development and construction, the closed community mode and spatial organization are the main existing forms of residential community in China in the past decades. With the change of time, the closed community model and spatial organization exposed many problems, such as the fragmentation of urban space, and the exclusion of community and urban space, which destroyed the coherence of urban traffic grid, and its barrier to urban roads is also one of the important factors causing serious urban traffic congestion in China. In the process of urban road construction which ignores the road density, the uncontrolled increase of road scale leads to wide road becoming the typical configuration of urban traffic in China, which makes traffic congestion, the disappearance of street life, and the plunder of public resources, which greatly inhibits the sustainable development of the city.
    This book is divided into eight chapters, from different angles and content of the open community space construction process were analyzed and elaborated in detail, found the open community promotion and construction process of various problems, and put forward the corresponding suggestions, measures and methods.

前 言

近年来，随着我国城市化的高速发展和人们生活水平的不断提高，人们对生活方式和居住需求已逐渐从“量”向“质”的方向发展，城市社区建设正朝向多元化、复合化发展。 在大规模商品住宅开发建设背景下所形成的封闭社区模式和空间组织，是我国过去几十年居住社区的主要存在形式。随着时间的变迁，封闭社区模式和空间组织暴露出众多的问题，如城市空间碎片化、以及社区与城市空间的相排斥等，破坏了城市交通网格的连贯性，其对城市道路的阻隔也是造成中国城市严重交通拥堵的重要因素之一。在忽略了道路密度的城市道路建设过程中，道路尺度无节制的增加导致宽马路成为中国城市交通的典型配置，使得交通拥堵，街道生活消失，公共资源被掠夺，极大的抑制了城市的可持续发展，这些问题引发了社会的广泛关注和重视。
      本书分为八个章节，从不同角度和内容对开放式社区空间构建过程进行了详细的分析与阐述，发现了开放式社区推广和建设过程中存在的各种问题，并提出了相应的建议、措施和方法。

As a special commodity, construction engineering enters into the construction market for trading, thus standardizing the code of conduct of all parties, making clear the responsibilities, implementing to people, ensuring the quality, progress, price dispatch and safety of the project, and meeting the requirements of the development law of the
construction market. The construction project cost, bidding activities are the contract process formed by using the law of value and competition mechanism of market economy. They are also powerful measures to ensure that the project construction can achieve the expected purpose and standardize the bidding activities in the form of law. Within the scope permitted by laws and regulations, the standardized management of market transactions, bidding activities independently refers to the competition in accordance with the procedures allowed by laws and regulations, through the principles of fairness, justice and openness, in order to achieve the best results. or the construction of any project, the main body of its behavior involves many aspects, such as the government construction management department, financial and insurance institutions, construction units, survey design units, construction units, supervision units, materials and equipment suppliers, etc. It involves many aspects, such as project cost and bidding. This book mainly studies from two aspects of construction cost and bidding management, aiming to make the whole process of construction project complete smoothly according to the established plan.

前 言

建筑工程作为特殊的商品进入建筑市场进行交易，从而规范了各方的行为准则，责任明确，落实到人，使工程质量、进度、遣价及安全等方面得到保证，符合建筑市场发展规律之需求。建设工程的造价、招标与投标活动是利用市场经济的价值规律和竞争机制形成的合同过程， 也是保证工程建设能达到预期目的的有力措施，以法律的形式规范招标投标活动。在法律和法规允许的范围内，自主进行的市场交易行为，招标与投标活动的规范化管理是指必须按照法律法规允许的程序进行，通过公平、公正、公开的原则进行竞争，以取得最佳的效果。任何一项工程的建设，其行为主体无不涉及许多方面，诸如政府建设管理部门，金融保险机构、建设单位、拗察设计单位、施工单位、监理单位、材料及设备供应单位等；其所涉及到的工程造价、招标与投标也是涉及诸多方面。本书主要是从建筑工程造价以及招投标管理两个方面来进行研究， 旨在让整个建筑工程建设全过程能够按照既定规划顺利完成。

The main content of this book is to enable the readers to master the professional knowledge required for their professional posts, have the professional ability to apply knowledge to solve problems, and have the relevant professional ability quality. At the same time of teaching professional subject knowledge, it can guide the reader to complete the learning task, so as to realize the mastery of professional subject knowledge, train the reader to have the preliminary design ability of building water supply and drainage engineering, be able to read the design description of water supply and drainage construction drawing, and be able to read and draw the construction drawing of water supply and drainage engineering.
    In the process of compiling the book, we have updated the learning content through the development project, added training materials, and constructed a new book system, fully reflecting its advanced nature, innovation and applicability, reflecting the latest technology and research results at home and abroad, and highlighting the characteristics of readers’ self-learning. Through the study of this book, readers can master the basic knowledge of building water supply and drainage engineering, and have a certain ability of building water supply and drainage engineering design and construction.
    Due to the limited level of editors, there are inevitably mistakes and shortcomings in the book. We sincerely hope that experts, scholars and readers can criticize and correct them.

前 言

本书的主要内容使读者掌握从事职业岗位所需的专业知识，具备应用知识解决问题的专业能力，以及具备相关的职业能力素质。在讲授专业学科知识的同时，指导读者完成学习型工作任务，以实现读者对专业学科知识的掌握，培养读者具备初步的建筑给水排水工程设计能力，能够读懂给水排水施工图设计说明，并能识读和绘制给水排水工程施工图。
        本书编写过程中，通过开发项目，更新学习内容，增加实训资料，构建了新的书籍体系。充分体现了其先进性、创新性、适用性，反映了国内外最新技术和研究成果，突出读者自学的特点。通过对本书的学习，可使读者掌握建筑给排水工程的基本知识，并具有一定的建筑给排水工程设计、施工的能力。
        编者水平有限，书中难免有错误和不足之处，诚恳地希望专家、学者及广大读者批评指正。