随着市场经济的发展，市场将越来越在我国社会资源配置中发挥基础性作用，因此，国家必须对过去在城市基础设施等社会公共公益项目中有关政府或国有经济大包大揽的做法实施改革，合理界定政府和国有经济在城市基础设施建设中的地位和作用，在提高政府管理服务水平和国有资金使用效率的同时，充分发挥和调动社会资金和力量参与建设的积极性。

      城市是人群聚集的中心。城市基础设施建设不仅是城市经济社会生活链条中的重要环节，同时对整个经济增长也有直接的贡献。可以说，城市基础设施建设无论在理论还是实践上，都是政府在引导和发挥城市主导功能和作用时所要关注的重点领域。政府对城市基础设施建设的关注一般有两个模式，一是政府行政直接参与的直接管理模式，二是政府运用法律和经济手段调控的间接管理模式。现阶段，在城市基础设施领域市场化程度强、法制化程度高、政府管理的经验和水平渐趋成熟的情况下，采取调控式间接模式居多。因此，城市基础设施建设的体制和模式是随着市场经济的发育和社会环境的变化而变化，随着政府行政体制和国资体制的创新而创新。

随着我国社会经济的不断发展，对于事业单位财务会计与预算管理上的要求也是越来越严格，同时我们国家在这方面也是加大了资金上的投入。要想更好的保证事业单位的稳定运行，加强单位中的财务管理也是极为的重要，财务管理的质量得到了提升，那也能够有效的推动事业单位的发展以及前进。但是在实际的生活中，单位的运营以及发展中会遇见很多的问题，而在解决这些问题的过程中，也是需要用到其他部门的力量，尤其是财务部门。

        我们知道，随着企业的快速发展，加强财务方面的预算管理和控制是尤为重要的，只有大力的开展相关的管理建设，整个企业财务运营才能够正常有序的开展进行，才能够为企业的各项发展打下良好的基础。
       财务会计与预算管理两者之间的联系十分的紧密，它们不是两个单独的个体，只有两者相辅相成、同步发展，才能更好的保证事业单位财务工作的科学合理性。所以，在实际的财务工作中，我们应该不断的提升财务监督以及审核的工作质量，并且还得加强财务预算工作的准确性，在以后的发展中，财务部门才能够做出更大的贡献。

Construction engineering is closely related to people's life, and the importance of project management is self-evident. In order to improve the level of project management and ensure the smooth progress of the project, it is necessary to organically combine engineering theory and practice. On the premise that the construction of construction engineering meets the quality objectives, it is necessary to ensure that the management is comprehensive and the project schedule meets the requirements, taking into account the project safety and project cost. Project management in construction mainly includes the following aspects:
       (1) Project management refers to the introduction of scientific methods to effectively coordinate and control various resource elements, so that the construction project can reach the predetermined goal and be completed smoothly.
       (2) The project management knowledge system consists of two levels: the project and the enterprise. The construction project management has to go through five processes, which are project initiation, planning, execution, control and termination.
       (3) Project management includes a wide range of knowledge, involving multiple knowledge fields ranging from cost to human resources, from communication to quality, from scope to time, from risk to procurement and to overall management.
       Based on the above performance, construction project management personnel must innovate management methods and implement effective management of the project, so as to optimize the quality of project management. Project management can play a role in improving construction efficiency and increasing construction profits in civil engineering. Project management needs to check every aspect of construction, and there must be certain norms and constraints on every aspect. It is equivalent to playing a core role in the entire construction project, and the construction plan can be adjusted and modified reasonably at any time according to the actual situation. Careful planning and implementation of the management plan can keep the project carried out in an orderly manner, allow the construction work to proceed steadily, and ensure the quality and level of construction results.

前 言

建筑工程与人民群众的生活息息相关，其项目管理工作的重要性不言而喻，为提高工程管理水平，保证项目顺利进行，需要将工程理论与实践有机结合，在建筑工程施工满足质量目标的前提下，确保管理全面及工程进度符合要求，兼顾工程安全和工程成本。项目管理在建筑施工中主要表现为以下几个方面：
        （1）项目管理即引入科学的方法对各种资源要素进行有效协调和控制，从而使建筑施工项目达到预定目标，帮助建筑施工项目顺利完工。
        （2）项目管理知识体系由项目和企业两个层次构成，建筑施工项目管理要经历五个过程，分别是项目的启动，计划，执行，控制和结束。
        （3）项目管理包含的知识范围较广，涉及由成本到人力资源，由沟通到质量，由范围到时间，由风险到采购，再到整体管理等多个知识领域。

        基于上述表现，建筑工程项目管理人员要创新管理方式，对工程实施有效管理，从而优化项目管理质量；项目管理在土木工程中可以起到提高施工效率、增加施工利润等作用。项目管理需要对施工的每一个环节都要层层把关，对每个环节都要有一定的规范和约束。它相当于对整个施工工程起着一个核心把握的作用，可以随时根据实际情况对于施工计划进行合理的调整和修改。认真筹划管理计划、认真落实可以让项目工程开展的井井有条，让施工工作稳步进行，保证施工成果的质量和水平。

Under the operation mechanism of market economy system, higher requirements are put forward for the development of current enterprises. And with the deep integration of science and technology and modern economy, the current enterprise management process is facing some more challenging changes. This paper starts with the analysis of the necessity of enterprise management under the background of economic transformation, makes a comprehensive and detailed study and explanation of the development ideas of enterprise management and economic construction under the background of economic transformation, and puts forward some good ways and means to effectively implement enterprise management and economic construction under the background of economic transformation.
       Enterprise management has a very important impact on the production and operation of the enterprise itself. Through enterprise management, we can make a comprehensive and orderly arrangement for the various business activities of the enterprise itself, and create a good premise for expanding the production of the enterprise and enhancing the economic benefits of the enterprise. Modern enterprises need to constantly strengthen and innovate enterprise management, so as to more effectively adapt to all aspects of economic transformation, and provide a better foundation for enhancing their market competitiveness.
       Enterprises actively adapt to the social background of economic transformation, will be able to promote enterprises to more effectively adapt to the development of social economy, and constantly adopt innovative ways and means to strengthen their own management, so as to promote enterprises to seize more market share and obtain more economic and social benefits. By changing the business philosophy, strengthening the concept to guide innovation, improving the innovation mode of organizational structure, and establishing and improving the modern enterprise management system, we can effectively promote the economic construction of enterprise management under the economic transformation and achieve good results.

前 言

市场经济体制运行机制下，对于当前企业的发展提出了更高的要求。而且随着科学技术和现代经济的深层次融合，当前企业管理过程中面临着一些更具挑战性的变革。本文主要是从经济转型背景下企业管理的必要性分析入手，针对经济转型下的企业管理经济建设发展思路进行全面细致的研究和说明，并提出了一些经济转型背景下有效实施企业管理和经济建设的良好方式和手段。
        企业管理工作对于企业自身的生产经营具有十分重要的影响，通过企业管理，能够针对企业自身的各项经营活动进行全面有序的安排，为扩大企业生产，增强企业经济效益创设良好前提。现代企业需要不断强化和创新企业管理工作，从而更为有效的适应经济转型的各方面情况，为增强自身的市场竞争力提供较好基础。
        企业积极适应经济转型的社会背景，将能够促进企业更为有效的适应社会经济的发展情况，并不断采用创新的方式和手段强化自身的管理工作，这样能够促进企业抢占更多的市场份额，获取更多的经济效益和社会效益。通过转变经营理念，强化理念指导创新，提升组织结构的创新模式，以及建立健全现代企业管理制度，能够有效促进经济转型下的企业管理经济建设取得良好效果。

The disinfection supply center is the department responsible for the cleaning, disinfection, sterilization and supply of sterile materials for all reusable medical instruments, appliances and articles in the hospital. The quality of the work of this department directly affects the quality of sterile materials in the whole hospital, which is closely related to medical safety. The disinfection supply center is an important department for the prevention and control of hospital infections. With the continuous development of medical technology and the continuous updating of diagnosis and treatment means, medical equipment and appliances are showing precision and complexity changes. The specialized technology of the disinfection and supply center is facing greater challenges, which also puts forward higher requirements for the professional quality of the employees in the disinfection and supply center.
         Hospital disinfection and supply center is known as the "heart" of the hospital. As a platform department, it undertakes the tasks of cleaning, disinfection, sterilization and sterile supply of all reusable medical instruments, appliances and articles in the hospital. There are many kinds of supply in modern hospitals, involving a wide range of departments and quick turnover. Every work is related to the quality of medical treatment, teaching and scientific research. If the sterilization is not qualified, it will cause hospital wide infection; if the supplies are not perfect, it will affect the diagnosis and treatment. Therefore, carrying out various tasks in the disinfection supply center according to standards and doing a good job in quality control of each work link are the guarantee for doing a good job in disinfection supply.
        At present, with the reform of the medical and health system, hospitals have made a lot of investment in improving the quality of medical services and introduced new technologies, instruments, equipment, etc.  As a result, the disinfection supply center has achieved an opportunity for rapid development. The disinfection supply center also explores new ideas, new ideas, new information, and new technologies for disinfection supply in the new era based on its own characteristics. In order to better face the new opportunities and challenges of the industry, the disinfection supply center has carried out the practice of optimizing platform construction, strengthening information management, and improving the operation mode of the disinfection supply center. These practices further promote the professionalization of disinfection supply centers in implementing industry standards, ensuring medical safety, attaching importance to the training of specialist talents, discussing and researching quality control, standardizing work processes, strengthening hospital infection prevention and control management, and establishing scientific and reasonable performance evaluation system programs.

前 言

消毒供应中心是承担医院所有重复使用的诊疗器械、器具和物品清洗消毒、灭菌以及无菌物品供应的部门。其工作质量直接影响全院无菌物品的质量，与医疗安全密切相关，是预防与控制医院感染的重要部门。随着医学技术的不断发展、诊疗手段的不断更新，医疗器械、器具呈现精密性、复杂性变化，消毒供应中心的专科技术面临着更大的挑战， 对消毒供应中心从业人员的专业素质也提出了更高的要求。
        医院消毒供应中心被喻为医院的“心脏”，作为一个平台科室在医院内承担各科室所有重复使用诊疗器械、 器具和物品清洗消毒、 灭菌以及无菌物品供应的任务。现代医院供应品种繁多，涉及科室广，使用周转快，每项工作均关系到医疗、教学、科研的质量。如果灭菌不合格，会引起全院性的感染；供应物品不完善，会影响诊断与治疗。因此，做好消毒供应中心工作是十分重要的，也是医院工作中不可缺少的组成部分。依据标准在消毒供应中心开展各项工作、做好每个工作环节的质量控制，则是做好消毒供应中心工作的保证。
        目前，随着医疗卫生体制的改革，医院在提高医疗服务质量方面进行了大量投入，引进了新的技术、器械、设备等，消毒供应中心取得了快速发展的契机。消毒供应中心也依据自身特点，探索新时期消毒供应专业的新观点、新思路、新信息、新技术，更好地面对行业新的机遇与挑战，进行了优化平台建设、加强信息化管理、完善消毒供应中心运作模式的实践，进一步推动消毒供应中心在落实行业规范、保障医疗安全、重视专科人才培养、探讨和研究质量管控、规范工作流程、加强医院感染防控管理、建立科学合理的绩效评价体系方案等方面向专业化发展。