Electric power industry is the basic guarantee for the sustainable growth of social economy, with the improvement of social productivity, the demand for electric energy in various industries increases accordingly, promoting the intelligent reform of power grid become the mainstream trend. In the new period, to promote the construction and reform of smart grid, a large number of advanced technologies and equipment need to be applied. Among them, relay protection is the guarantee of safe operation of power grid, promoting the improvement and perfection of relay protection technology and playing a positive role in the stable operation of smart grid.
     In the process of construction and development, smart grid greatly improves the operation efficiency and stability of power system, as the basic guarantee for stable operation of power grid, the relay protection technology has made considerable achievements in practical application. Nowadays, China’s smart grid construction process is accelerating, new requirements is proposed for relay protection technology in the new era. Promoting the improvement and perfection of relay protection technology can push forward the improvement of power grid informatization and automation level, as well as solve the problem of power shortage. By studying and analyzing the new relay protection technology of smart grid, it can improve the shortcomings and provide support for the subsequent development of smart grid.

前 言

电力事业是社会经济持续增长的基础保障，面对社会生产力提升，各个行业领域的电能需求度随之提升，推动电网智能化改革成为主流趋势。新时期，推动智能电网建设改革，大量先进技术和设备应用。其中，继电保护作为电网安全运行的保障，推动继电保护技术改进和完善，为智能电网稳定运行具有积极作用。
      智能电网在建设和发展中，促使电力系统运行效率和稳定性大大提升，作为电网稳定运行的基础保障，继电保护技术实际应用中取得了可观的成果。近些年来，我国的智能电网建设进程不断加快，对于新时期继电保护技术提出了新的要求，推动继电保护技术改进完善，有助于电网信息化和自动化水平提升，改善用电紧张问题。通过智能电网下继电保护新技术相关研究分析，可以改进其中不足，为后续智能电网发展提供支持。

Environmental ecology is an interdisciplinary subject between ecology and environmental science, and is one of the important applied subjects of ecology. Environmental ecology is a science that studies the internal change mechanism, law and counter effect of ecosystem on human under the human disturbance, and seeks for the recovery, the reconstruction and the protection countermeasures of the damaged ecosystem. That is to say, use the ecological theory to clarify the interaction between human and environment and find out the ecological way to solve environmental problems. Therefore, environmental ecology is different from the classical ecology, which mainly studies the relationship between living environment and living environment, and it’s also different from the pollution ecology, which only studies the behavior rules and hazards of pollutants in the ecosystem. Besides, it’s different from the social ecology, which studies the structure, function, evolution mechanism of social ecosystem, as well as the interaction between individuals and organizations of human beings and the surrounding natural and social environment. It is a subject to solve two kinds of environmental problems: environmental pollution and ecological damage.
With the rapid development of environmental protection, China’s ecological protection work has gradually been upgraded to an unprecedented level. The focus of environmental protection work has changed from simple pollution control to the strategic goal of paying attention to ecological protection and realizing ecological virtuous cycle. As an important means to understand and master the current situation and the trend of ecological environment quality, ecological environment monitoring has become an essential part of environmental monitoring. However, due to the complexity, diversity and huge regional differences of the ecosystem, it is necessary to establish a set of systematic technical specifications and methods to reflect the ecological environment scientifically, comprehensively and objectively.

前 言
环境生态学是生态学和环境科学之间的交叉学科，是生态学的重要应用学科之一。环境生态学是研究在人为干扰下，生态系统内在的变化机理、规律和对人类的反效应，寻求受损生态系统恢复、重建和保护对策的科学，即运用生态学理论，阐明人与环境间的相互作用及解决环境问题的生态途径。因此，环境生态学不同于以研究生物与其生存环境之间相互关系为主的经典生态学，也不同于只研究污染物在生态系统中的行为规律和危害的污染生态学和研究社会生态系统结构、功能、演化机制以及人的个体和组织与周围自然、社会环境相互作用的社会生态学，它是解决环境污染和生态破坏这两类环境问题的学科。
随着环境保护事业的快速发展，我国的生态保护工作已逐渐被提升到前所未有的高度，环境保护工作的重点已由单纯污染控制转向以注重生态保护和实现生态良性循环为战略目标。作为了解和掌握生态环境质量现状及其变化趋势的重要手段，生态环境监测成为环境监测必不可少的重要组成部分。然而，由于生态系统的复杂性、多样性以及巨大的地域差异性，要科学、全面、客观地反映生态环境状况就需要建立起一套系统的技术规范和方法。

This book comprehensively and systematically introduces the diagnosis and treatment technology of various diseases of brain, spinal cord, sympathetic nerve and peripheral nervous system in the field of neurosurgery. The book is divided into 12 chapters, with more than 250000 words, pictures and texts, and detailed contents. The diagnosis and treatment of craniocerebral trauma, intracranial tumors, aneurysms, intracranial vascular malformations, intracranial infectious diseases, congenital malformations of the brain and spinal cord diseases are introduced in detail. In particular, this paper introduces some leading fields in the world, such as the microsurgery of brain stem tumor and spinal cord intramedullary tumor, hoping to contribute to the work efficiency and quality of clinical medical staff.

前 言
本书比较全面、系统地介绍了当今神经外科领域中有关颅脑、脊柱脊髓、交感神经和周围神经系统各种疾患的诊断与治疗技术。全书共分 12 章，约 25 余万字，图文并茂，内容详实。对颅脑外伤、颅内各部位肿瘤、动脉瘤、颅内血管畸形、颅内感染性疾病、颅脑先天性畸形以及脊柱脊髓疾患等诊断与治疗，均作了详尽的介绍，尤其介绍了我国在国际上处于领先地位的某些领域，如脑干肿瘤及脊髓髓内肿瘤的显微手术希望能够有助于临床医护人员的工作效率和质量。

In the increasingly fierce market competition environment, the development of enterprises is facing severe challenges. Human resource management and administrative management are key components of enterprise development. Strengthening the human resource management of enterprises and the administrative management of the state and enterprises are conducive to consolidating the status of the country, improving the competitiveness of enterprises and bringing better development to the country and enterprises. Therefore, it is necessary to effectively strengthen the administrative resource management of enterprises and the administrative management of the state and enterprises.

前 言
在日益激烈的市场竞争环境下，企业的发展面临着严峻的挑战。企业的人力资源管理与行政管理，是企业发展的关键组成部分。加强企业的人力资源管理，加强国家与企业的行政管理，有利于巩固国家的地位，提高企业的竞争能力，为国家和企业带来更好地发展。因此，必须有效地加强企业行政资源管理与国家和企业的行政管理。

Enterprises are the basic cells of national economy, the ultimate force to promote economic and social development, and also the decisive factor for a strong country and a prosperous nation. There are a lot of theories about how to improve the market competitiveness and economic and social benefits of enterprises. They have their own characteristics and made due contributions to the economic and social development.
In the process of enterprise operation and management, with the development of science and technology and the improvement of the application level of network technology, the manual work mode and management mode have been unable to adapt to the development speed of modern society. Building management information system to meet the needs of enterprise modern management has become the future development direction of improving the work efficiency and standardized management of all departments. The core essence of enterprise material management is to use network technology and computer technology to integrate enterprise procurement and production resources, reduce operating costs, improve enterprise production efficiency, and ultimately achieve maximum value.
In recent years, with the economic and social development of our country and the introduction of a series of material supply management systems, the level of material management is getting higher and higher. However, in today’s prosperous society, the supply of materials exceeds the demand, and the economic benefits of enterprises are relatively good, the material procurement is big, the price is high or low, the production is guaranteed blindly, resulting in the material cost greatly increased, the reserve fund sharply increased, resulting in excessive reserves and extreme waste. At the time of market operation and economic benefit decline, facing the gradual improvement of operation awareness of enterprises in all walks of life, if we do not calculate and analyze, nor fully face material saving and thrifty, nor control the purchase volume to reduce the purchase cost, and generate the maximum benefit with the minimum investment, the enterprise will face the situation of operating difficulties until the loss.
In order to realize the information collection and processing, information resource sharing and decision-making assistant management between enterprises and different departments within enterprises, it is necessary to establish enterprise material management system. Its goal is to realize enterprise information network, information resource, management modernization and scientific decision-making.
Due to our limited level, contents of the book inevitably have shortcomings and errors. We sincerely ask all colleagues and readers to criticize and correct, and we will accept it with modesty.

前 言
企业是国民经济的基本细胞，是推动经济社会发展的终极力量，也是一个国家强大、民族兴旺的决定性因素。围绕提高企业市场竞争力和经济社会效益的各种理论浩如烟海， 各种主张层出不穷， 它们各具特色并对经济社会发展做出了应有贡献。
在企业运营管理过程中，随着科技的发展和网络技术应用水平的提高，使得手工工作方式和管理模式已经不能适应现代社会的发展速度，而构建管理信息系统来满足企业现代化管理的需要，成为提高各部门工作效率及规范化管理的未来发展方向。企业物资管理的核心是利用网络技术和计算机技术整合企业采购和生产资源，降低经营成本，提高企业生产效率，最终实现最大化的价值。
近年来，随着我国经济社会发展和一系列物资供应管理制度的出台，物资管理水平越来越高。但是，在社会繁荣，物资供过于求，企业经济效益相对较好的今天，物资采购大手大脚，价格高低不管，一味地保证生产，致使材料成本大大增加，储备资金急剧上升，造成过度储备和极度浪费。在市场运转，经济效益滑坡之时，面对各行各业企业运营意识的逐步提高，今天我们再不算账分析，再不全面对材料节约节俭，再不控制采购量降低采购成本，以最小的投入产生最大的效益的话，企业将面临经营困难，直至亏损的局面。
为了实现企业与企业之间、企业内部不同部门之间的信息收集与处理、信息资源共享以及决策辅助的管理，需要建立企业物资管理系统。其目标是实现企业信息网络化、信息资源化、管理现代化以及决策科学化。
由于我们水平有限，书中内容难免有缺点和错误，恳请各位同仁和读者批评、指正，我们一定会虚心接受。