Since the reform and opening up, the construction industry has been booming. The complexity and comprehensiveness of modern road engineering construction has caused various problems and situations that need to be solved in the engineering construction practice. New management methods keep emerging and gradually eliminate the old management mode. Therefore, modernized new theories, methods and means must be studied and adopted in the practice. With the guide of the problems, experience and lessons need to be constantly summarized in order to improve the management level of road engineering project. This requires that the managers of road construction projects should be the compound talents with strategic vision and comprehension of technology and management. In order to turn into this kind of compound talents, the managers of the projects need to accumulate wide experience and have a good understanding and mastery of the construction project management theories and methods. Therefore, systematic theoretical study is of great importance. Through understanding, it is known that road construction engineering management is a one-time management enterprise with specific objectives, resources, time limit and complex professional engineering and technology as well as the high-level, scientific and systematic management activities for the whole process of the project. 

        In the specific construction links of road and bridge, the improvement of management quality is directly related to the safety and performance of the road and bridge engineering. Therefore, to ensure the management of road and bridge construction to the greatest extent is a crucial prerequisite and the key link of the construction management process, especially in the era of rapid population expansion and increasingly serious traffic congestion.
        The construction of road, bridge and tunnel is the key component of the project. Its construction is difficult because of the poor conditions and the different literacy level of the staff. Therefore, current management of the construction engineering is facing the big challenge. This book shows the research of the key points of road and bridge construction management technology from the aspects of environment, materials, equipment and personnel hoping to offer some reference to ensure the smooth completion of the road and bridge project construction. 

前 言

改革开放以来建筑业蓬勃发展，现代公路工程建设的复杂性和综合性使得工程建设实践中出现了很多需要解决的情况和问题，新的管理方法不断推陈出新，逐步淘汰陈旧的管理模式，因此，必须在实践中研究和采用现代化的新理论，应用新方法和手段，以问题为导向，不断总结经验教训，提高公路工程项目的管理水平，这就要求公路施工项目管理者是有战略眼光并且懂技术和管理的复合型人才，但这既取决于公路施工项目管理人员的经验积累，也取决于项目管理人员对施工项目管理理论与方法掌握和理解的深度，所以，系统的理论学习有重要意义。通过了解可以知道，公路施工项目管理是一种具有特定目标、资源及时间限制和复杂的专业工程技术背景的一次性管理事业，是对工程项目全过程进行的高水平的、科学的、系统的管理活动。
        在道路和桥梁的具体施工环节，提升管理质量与道路桥梁工程的安全性和使用性能都有着至关重要的直接联系，所以，在最大程度上有效确保道路和桥梁施工建设的管理工作，是其中至关重要的前提条件，尤其是在人口迅速膨胀、交通阻塞问题日益严重的当下，从根本上有效确保道路和桥梁施工建设管理，成为施工建设管理过程中的关键环节。
       道路桥梁、隧道施工属于项目建设中的关键构成项目施工较为困难，条件比较差，且工作人员的素养水平存在较大差异，所以现今施工建设管理工作存在较大挑战。此文通过环境、材料、设备以及人员对道路与桥梁建设管理技术要点展开研究，期望可以提供一定借鉴参考保证道路桥梁项目施工建设顺利完成。

In recent years, the level of science and technology continues to progress, China’s construction industry presents an unprecedented scale and speed, a large number of new structure, large-scale, high-tech buildings continue to appear. With the acceleration of urbanization and the improvement of people’s living standards, the demand for all kinds of commercial housing is further increasing, the real estate industry maintains a strong growth trend, and the number of housing construction is increasing.
        With the increase of housing construction quantity, housing construction quality problems have become the focus of social attention, such as wall cracking, roof leakage, toilet, kitchen floor leakage and other common quality problems, as well as serious quality problems such as housing collapse caused by housing quality problems. According to the statistics of the Ministry of Housing and Urban Rural Development, in 2016, there were 634 housing and municipal engineering production safety accidents in China, with 735 deaths, an increase of 192 accidents and 181 deaths compared with the same period in 2015, with a year-on-year increase of 43.44% and 32.67% respectively. This shows that once there are quality problems in housing construction, it will not only affect the daily life and work of users, but also pose a threat to personal and property safety. Therefore, how to do a good job of housing construction quality control, pay close attention to the project quality management, has become a very concerned problem of construction workers.

前 言

近年来，科学技术水平不断进步，我国建筑业呈现出前所未有的规模和速度，一大批结构新颖、规模宏大、技术高超的建筑物不断出现。随着城市化进程的加快以及人们生活水平的日益提高，各类商品房的需求量进一步增加，房地产行业保持着强劲增长的态势，房屋建筑数量不断增加。
         在房屋建筑数量增加的同时，房屋建筑质量问题也成为社会关注的焦点，如墙面开裂、屋面渗漏，卫生间、厨房地 面渗漏等常见的质量问题以及因房屋质量问题导致房屋倒塌等严重的质量问题。根据住建部的统计数据， 2016 年全国共发生房屋市政工程生产安全事故 634 起，死亡 735 人，比 2015 年同期事故起数增加 192 起、死亡人数增加 181 人，同比分别上升 43.44%和 32.67%。这说明了房屋建筑一旦出现质量问题，不仅会对使用者的日常生活、工作带来影响，还可能对人身与财产安全构成威胁。因此，如何做好房屋建筑施工质量控制，狠抓工程质量管理，成为建筑施工员非常关注的问题。

With the development of the construction industry, advanced construction technology emerges constantly. The application of new technology can not only improve the quality of the project, but also shorten the construction period. Added with the standardized supervision work, it can better promote the implementation and effect verification of new construction technology. The relationship between engineering supervision and construction technology is a kind of mutual dependence and support. Construction practitioners must realize the importance of the innovation of engineering supervision and construction technology. They should not only do well in supervision, but also constantly seek for innovation in construction technology so as to effectively improve the economic and social benefits of construction projects.
     At the same time, the overall level of the construction industry is improving gradually. More and more advanced construction technology and crafts are introduced into the construction process which leads to the situation that traditional engineering supervision mode gradually becomes unable to meet the needs of current engineering supervision. If the construction supervision wants to maximize its effect on construction process, more attention should be paid to the innovation of construction technology, adjustment of the supervision process and improvement of supervision system in order to strengthen the supervision and guarantee the construction project an improving quality.
        Driven by the social economy, architectural engineering supervision and construction technology have attracted the public attention. But most of the public only realize that construction technology plays an important role in the development of architectural engineering and ignore the fact that architectural engineering supervision and construction technology mutually promote each other. With the rapid development of society, China’s demand for the construction technology and supervision of architectural engineering is gradually increasing which imposes stricter requirement. If the construction industry wants to carve out a space in this era of efficient development, it is imperative to strengthen the construction technology and supervision of architectural engineering, which also provide effective guarantee for the construction quality.

前 言

随着建筑行业的发展，先进的施工技术不断涌现，新技术的应用不仅可以提高工程质量，还可以缩短施工工期，再加上规范的监理工作，就能更好地促进施工新技术的实施和效果验证。工程监理和施工技术之间是一种相互依赖、相互支持的关系，建筑从业人员必须认识到工程监理与施工技术创新的重要性，不仅要做好监理工作，还要不断对施工技术进行创新，进而有效提升建筑工程的经济效益与社会效益。
        同时建筑工程行业的整体水平逐渐提高，越来越多的先进施工技术与工艺被引入建筑工程建设过程中，传统的工程监理工作模式已经逐渐无法满足当下的工程监理需求，且显现出不足之处。要想在最大程度上发挥建筑工程监理的作用，建议关注工程技术的创新，调整监理工作过程，优化监理体系，以此加强监理力度，为提升建筑工程建设质量提供有力保障。
       在社会经济的带动下，建筑工程监理和施工技术，受到了广大群众的关注，但是，当前大部分的群众，还只意识到施工技术对建筑工程的发展起着非常重要的作用，却忽略了建筑工程监理与施工技术，二者之间是相互促进的作用。随着社会的迅猛发展，我国对建筑工程的施工技术与建筑工程监理需求也逐步增加，提出了更加严格的要求，若想使建筑行业在这个高效发展的时代占据一席之地，那么，加强建筑工程监理与施工技术，是势在必行的，同时也是为建筑质量提供有效的保障。

The level of urbanization is an important symbol of the degree of modernization of a country. With the development of economy, China’s urbanization construction is steadily advancing. The accelerated development of urbanization in China has brought great development space and unprecedented development opportunities to the construction industry. In recent years, the high-speed railway, intercity railway, expressway, urban rail transit, municipal infrastructure, urban transformation, large-scale housing construction and other infrastructure construction related to urbanization show a trend of sustained and rapid development. The development of metropolitan areas, urban agglomerations, urban belts and central cities indicates the rapid take-off of China’s urbanization process, the arrival of a broader market for the construction industry, and a great opportunity for the construction water supply and drainage industry.
        However, in the construction of building water supply and drainage, often due to the use of materials do not meet the quality standards, or the construction is not standardized, causing a series of quality risks, to the daily life of residents inconvenience. Building water supply and drainage system as a vital part of the building, its quality is directly related to the quality of the whole building, has a direct impact on the user experience. With the development of the construction industry, the building water supply and drainage industry is also developing, and will gradually innovate and develop in a long period of time. Therefore, it is very necessary to strengthen the research on the development trend of building water supply and drainage technology. Here we first briefly introduce the building water supply and drainage system, and analyze the current situation and development trend of building water supply and drainage technology in China.

前 言

城市化水平是一个国家现代化程度的重要标志，随着经济的发展，我国城市化建设在不断地稳步推进。中国城市化的加速发展，给建筑业带来了巨大的发展空间和前所未有的发展机遇。近年来，与城市化相关联的高速铁路、城际铁路、高速公路、城市轨道交通、市政基础设施、城市改造、大型房屋建筑等基础设施建设显现出持续高速发展的趋势。都市圈、城市群、城市带和中心城市的发展预示了中国城市化进程的高速起飞，也预示了建筑业更广阔的市场的到来，更是建筑给排水行业的一大机遇。
          然而，在建筑给排水施工中常常由于使用的材料不符合质量标准，或者是施工不规范，引发一系列的质量隐患，给居民的日常生活带来不便。建筑给排水系统作为建筑物中至关重要的一部分，其质量的好坏直接关系着整个建筑的质量，对用户体验有着直接的影响。随着建筑业的发展，建筑给排水行业也在不断发展，而且将会在一个较长时期内逐步地创新和发展，因此加强对建筑给排水技术的发展趋势的研究是十分必要的。下面我们首先对建筑给排水系统进行简要介绍，并对我国建筑给排水技术的现状及发展趋势进行分析。

In early 2017, The Opinions of the General Office of the State Council on Promoting the Sustainable and Healthy Development of the Construction Industry (GBF [2017] No. 19) puts forward the whole process of engineering consultation. It encourages investment consulting, survey, design, supervision, bidding agency, cost and other enterprises to develop the whole process engineering consulting through joint operation, merger and reorganization, and cultivate a number of international level whole process engineering consulting enterprises. Under this background, this book came into being, hoping to better guide the whole process of consulting business and serve the overall construction activities. This book is divided into six chapters, which are focused, concise, systematic, comprehensive, basic and typical.

前 言

2017 年初， 国务院办公厅关于促进建筑业持续健康发展的意见（国办发[2017]19号）中提出培育全过程工程咨询；鼓励投资咨询、勘察、设计、监理、招标代理、造价等企业采取联合经营、并购重组等方式发展全过程工程咨询，培育一批具有国际水平的全过程工程咨询企业。本书正是在这样的背景下，应运而生，也是希望能够更好的指导全过程咨询事业，服务于整体的建设活动。 本书共分为六章，重点突出，简明扼要，系统全面，具有基础和典型性。