The main content of mineral resources exploration is prospecting. Prospecting refers to the working process of using remote sensing technology, geology, geochemistry, geophysics and other methods to search for ore deposits according to the metallogenic theory and known metallogenic law of ore deposits and the geological conditions of the working area. According to the principle of gradual progress, mineral resources exploration can be divided into four stages: pre survey, general survey, detailed survey and exploration. Its tasks are to make prospective evaluation of regional mineral resources, submit deep exposure point, submit exploration point and submit deposit. The work of each stage of mineral exploration should be guided by the analysis and study of the regional metallogenic geological conditions, and the comprehensive prospecting method should be adopted according to the regional geological characteristics and local conditions, so as to achieve the goal more scientifically and economically.
  The basis of mineral exploration can also be called the prospecting basis or the criterion of prospecting, which refers to the geological basis for the formation and distribution of the deposits in a certain area. According to the basis of mineral exploration, we can distinguish the prospecting direction, predict the possible deposit types and favorable metallogenic areas under certain geological conditions, and reasonably select and use the prospecting methods. Therefore, the basis of mineral exploration is of great significance to improve the prospecting effect.
  The major of geological engineering includes two major directions: traditional engineering geology and prospecting engineering, which is indispensable for the national economic construction in China. With the development of human society and technological progress, its status is becoming more and more important, and its application field is also increasingly extensive. Geological engineering specialty is not only for the traditional geological prospecting service, but also widely used in the fields of industrial and civil buildings, major infrastructure construction, geological disaster prevention and control, and is closely related to people's production and life.

前 言

矿产资源勘查的主要内容是找矿，找矿是指运用矿床成矿理论及已知成矿规律，根据工作地区地质条件，采用遥感技术与地质学、地球化学、地球物理学等方法寻找矿床的工作过程。矿产资源勘查按照循序渐进、逐步深入的原则划分为：预查、普查、详查和勘探 4 个阶段。其任务分别是对区域矿产资源作出远景评价、提交深部揭露点、提交勘探点和提交矿床。矿产勘查各阶段的工作，都应以该区域成矿地质条件的分析研究为指导，根据区内地质特征因地制宜采用综合找矿方法，才能更科学、更经济地达到目的。
      矿产勘查依据亦可称找矿依据或找矿判据，是指在某一地区内矿床形成和分布的地质依据。根据矿产勘查依据，可以判别找矿方向，预测在一定的地质条件下可能存在的矿床类型和成矿有利地区，可以合理地选择和运用找矿方法。所以，矿产勘查依据对提高找矿效果具有非常重要的意义。
      地质工程专业包括传统的工程地质与探矿工程两个专业方向，它是我国国民经济建设不可缺少的专业。随着人类社会的发展和技术进步，其地位愈加重要，应用领域也日益广泛。地质工程专业除了为传统的地质找矿服务外，当前还广泛应用于工业与民用建筑、重大基础设施建设、地质灾害防治等领域，与人们的生产和生活密切相关。

Water is one of the basic resources for human survival and economic and social development. However, the common problems of water shortage, water environment pollution and flood disaster around the world affect the long-term and effective utilization of water resources and the realization of sustainable development of human society. Only effective water resources management can guarantee the basic resources of economic and social development and achieve the dream of sustainable development of human society.
  The main purpose of water quality detection is to accurately and effectively determine the types and concentrations of pollutants in water. It can be seen that the water quality types and concentrations of different water bodies are constantly changing, which needs a comprehensively evaluation of the internal quality of water bodies by the professional detection personnel. The main test items are mainly composed of macro index and micro index. The macro indexes mainly include temperature index, pH index, turbidity and composition of various suspended solids; the micro indexes mainly include toxic and harmful substances in water. Therefore, only through the results of the effective water quality detection can we clearly understand the specific situation of the water bodies so as to comprehensively guide people’s domestic water use.
  The quality of water resources is related to the normal life of local residents and the healthy development of social economy. It is of great significance to improve the level of water quality detection and promote the smooth development of water quality management. In the face of increasingly scarce water resources, water departments must pay attention to strengthening the research on water quality detection and water quality management, formulating feasible water quality detection and management scheme and improving the level and quality of water quality detection so as to promote the stable development of water affairs.

前 言

水是人类赖以生存、经济社会赖以发展的基础自然资源之一，而当今世界普遍存在的水资源短缺、水环境污染、洪水灾害问题，都影响到了水资源长久有效的利用，影响到人类社会可持续发展的实现。有效的进行水资源管理才能保障经济社会发展基础性资源，实现人类社会可持续发展的的梦想。
       水质检测的主要目的是准确有效地确定水中污染物的种类和浓度。可见，不同水体的水质类型和浓度在不断变化，需要专业的检测人员对水体的内部质量进行综合评价。检测项目主要由宏观指标和微观指标组成。其中，宏观指标主要包括温度指数、 pH 指数、 浊度、 各种悬浮物的组成， 而微观指标主要包括水中有毒有害物质。因此，只有通过有效的水质检测结果，才能清楚地了解水体的具体情况，从而全面指导人们的生活用水。
      水资源质量关系到当地居民的正常生活和社会经济的健康发展。提高水质检测水平，促进水质管理工作顺利开展，对实现可持续发展具有重要意义。面对日益紧缺的水资源，水务部门必须重视，加强水质检测和水质管理研究，制定切实可行的水质检测管理方案，提高水质检测水平和质量，促进水务稳定发展。

In recent years, China has experienced great development of social economy and agriculture. However, the ignoring of the management and protection of drinking water sources and the continuous increase of the total amount of nitrogen and phosphorus emissions from rural domestic water and farmland fertilization around the water sources have led to the gradual deterioration of the quality of water. The ecosystem around the reservoir is optimized and the water quality and water environment of the reservoir are protected. The impact of residents’ life around the reservoir on the water quality of the reservoir is effectively contained. By doing these, we strive to achieve the harmony between human activities and nature.
  After a long road of exploration, the construction and management of hydrology and water resources engineering has gradually stepped into the relatively standard track from the initial self-construction and self-management. The construction legal person system, bidding system, supervision system and quality supervision system have been gradually implemented and improved. Good project construction management is related to the sustainable development of water resources and the overall situation of ecological civilization construction. At present, China is in a critical period of social development model transformation in which the sustainable development and utilization of resources are crucial. It is an urgent task to do a good job in the construction management of hydrology and water resources facilities engineering projects which is also an important mean for China’s investment to give full play to the best benefits.

This book covers a wide range; relevant theories and practices are still in constant exploration and improvement. The publication of this book aims to explore hydrology and water resources and water ecological restoration and promote the construction of water ecological civilization by protecting the water resources, improving the water quality and water ecological environment. We hope that the publication of this book can promote the development of water resources protection and management and water ecological protection technology.

前 言

近年来，全国各地随着社会经济大开发、 农业大发展，而忽视饮用水源地的管理保护，加上水源地周围农家生活水和农田施肥氮磷等排放总量的持续增加，水质状况逐渐有恶化的趋势。优化了库周的生态系统， 对水库水质及水环境进行了保护，有效遏制了库周居民生活对水库水质造成的影响， 努力达到人类活动与自然和谐统一。
       水文水资源工程建设管理，经过了漫长的探索之路，已经从最初的自建自管，逐渐步入到了目前相对规范化的轨道。建设法人制、招投标制、监理制、质量监督制，逐步得到了落实与完善。做好项目建设管理关系到水资源可持续发展，生态文明建设的大局。目前我国正处于社会发展模式转型的关键时期，对于资源的可持续发展的开发利用是至关重要的。做好水文水资源设施工程项目的建设管理，是当务之急，也是国家投资发挥最好效益的重要手段。
       本书涉及面广，相关理论与实践在不断探索和完善中。本书的出版旨在探索水文水资源及水生态修复， 以保护水资源， 改善水质和水生态环境， 促进水生态文明建设。希望本书的出版能对水资源保护、管理及水生态保护技术的发展起到推动作用。

With the continuous development of society, people pay more and more attention to the construction of water conservancy and hydro-power engineering. China’s relevant government departments have invested a lot of human, material and financial resources in the construction of water conservancy and hydro-power. It has achieved certain results but there are still some problems in the construction process of water conservancy and hydro-power engineering, which have a certain impact on the quality and efficiency of project construction.
  The construction of water conservancy and hydro-power projects is to ensure that people will not infringed by natural disasters and then improve the utilization rate of water resources. It belongs to the scope of the projects that benefit people. With the improvement of China’s comprehensive national strength, various construction undertakings are in full swing. Among them, the water conservancy and hydro-power engineering has attracted the public attention. The construction of water conservancy and hydro-power engineering can not only benefit the people, but also improve the social level of China. It plays an important role in promoting economic development. Therefore, we should pay more attention to the quality and efficiency of water conservancy and hydro-power projects, carefully analyze the problems that exist in the process of the construction management and formulate solutions and implement them in time so as to effectively improve the construction quality and efficiency of water conservancy and hydro-power engineering.

  Water conservancy and hydro-power engineering is the basic project to ensure the economic development of China and improve the quality of people’s life. In order to promote the development of China’s water conservancy and hydro-power engineering, the relevant staff must pay enough attention to the problems that occur in the projects and adopt the reasonable measures that is suitable in the actual construction situation. In the process of the construction, the relevant staff should constantly perfect the construction methods, innovate management strategies and study about the foreign advanced construction technology to provide power for the development of water conservancy and hydro-power engineering in China.

前 言

随着社会的不断发展，水利水电工程的建设愈发受到人们的重视。我国相关政府部门在建设水利水电方面投入了大量的人力、物力以及财力，水利水电建设已取得一定的成效，但水利水电在建设过程中仍然存在一些问题，对项目建设的质量和效率产生了一定影响。
       水利水电工程建设是为了确保人们不受自然灾害侵害的基础上，提升了对水资源的使用率，属于惠民工程的范畴之内。随着我国综合国力的提升，各项建设事业正在如火如荼地展开，而其中的水利水电工程受到人们的关注。水利水电工程的建设不仅能造福百姓，还能提升我国社会水平，对促进经济发展有着重要的作用。因此，要重视水利水电工程的质量和效率，细致分析水利水电建设管理过程中存在的问题，制定解决方案并及时加以实施，以此来有效提升水利水电工程的建设质量和效率。
        水利水电工程是确保我国经济发展，提升人民群众生活质量的基础工程。为了推动我国水利水电工程的发展，相关工作人员必须要对工程中出现的问题给予足够的重视，结合实际施工情况，采用合理的措施解决施工中出现的问题。在施工建设的过程中不断完善施工方法，创新管理策略，借鉴国外的先进施工技术，为我国水利水电工程的发展提供动力。

The construction of water conservancy projects has complex professional knowledge, strong systematicness and comprehensiveness. In the construction process, it is required to comprehensively consider a variety of influencing factors in order to avoid some potential safety hazards after the completion of the water conservancy projects. In the practice process, it is required to gradually enrich the construction management methods in order to avoid some quality problems in the follow-up construction of water conservancy projects.
  Overview of water conservancy project construction management refers to the management of people and things involved in the process of the project. Water conservancy project management in China has experienced several different stages. In the early stage of water conservancy project construction, project management is mainly aimed at the management of contracts, which requires strengthening the relationship between the contractor, the owner and the supervision engineer so as to enhance the legitimacy and rationality of the contract. The management of construction personnel is also one of the important contents of the water conservancy project management. It is required to check whether the water conservancy project construction is carried out in strict accordance with the construction drawings and strengthen the on-site management of the construction operation. It is better to carry out corresponding safety protection work on the construction site to ensure the safety of construction workers. At the same time, after the completion of the water conservancy project, it is required to check and accept the project according to the relevant process specification. In the process of acceptance, effective coordination with relevant water conservancy supervision departments is required in order to ensure that the water conservancy project construction meets the relevant requirements offered by relevant water conservancy departments and promote the water conservancy project to meet the corresponding quality requirements.

  One of the important guarantees of water conservancy project is the effective construction management. At present, there are many problems in the construction management of water conservancy projects, which restrict the smooth implementation of water conservancy projects. Therefore, we should actively establish a modern water conservancy construction management system and optimize the material management of project construction. We should also strengthen the part of technical explanation in the water conservancy construction, use new construction technology, standardize the construction site management, establish and improve the quality supervision system and strengthen the safety management of water conservancy project. In addition, we should comprehensively consider various situations in the construction management of water conservancy project and improve the project quality through good construction management.

前 言

水利工程施工具有较为复杂的专业知识，具有较强的系统性与综合性，在施工过程中要求综合考虑多种影响因素，避免水利工程建成之后出现一些安全隐患。要求在不断的实践过程中逐渐丰富施工管理方式，避免水利工程后续施工过程中出现一些质量问题。
        水利工程施工管理概述水利工程建设指的是对工程进行过程中涉及到的人与物的管理的总称。我国水利工程管理经历了几个不同的阶段。在水利工程建设的早期阶段，工程管理主要是针对合同的管理，要求加强上承包商、业主、监理工程师三者之前的关系，提升合同的合法性与合理性。对施工人员的管理也是水利工程管理的重要内容之一。要求检查水利工程施工是否严格按照施工图纸进行，同时加强对施工作业进行的现场管理。对工程施工现场最好相应的安全防护工作。确保作业施工人员的安全。同时在水利工程完成之后，按照相关的流程规范验收工程。验收过程中与相关水利监督部门等进行有效协调，确保水利工程施工符合相关的水利部门的相关要求，促进水利工程能够达到相应的质量要求。

 水利工程重要的保障之一是进行有效的施工管理，目前我国水利工程施工管理过程中存在着多种问题，制约了水利工程的顺利实施。应当积极建立现代化的水利工程施工管理体系，优化工程施工的材料管理，加强水利工程的技术交底，利用新的施工技术，规范施工现场管理，建立健全完善的水利工程质量监督体系，加强水利工程的安全管理，综合考虑到水利工程施工管理中的多种情况，通过良好的施工管理，提升水利工程质量。