Transportation is the basic and leading industry of the national economy. The development level of this industry is extremely important to the development of the national economy. With the rapid development of the world economy, China's national economy has also been greatly improved. In the past, transportation has changed from a single mode of transport to a common development of multiple modes of transport, making the development of transportation more diversified. The level of transportation development has also improved. As an important part of economic development, transportation cannot be ignored. After China's reform and opening up, industrial and agricultural production has developed rapidly, and the economic foundation has been increasingly strengthened. With the acceleration of urbanization and economic development, various road and bridge transportation projects have also sprung up. This requires our roads and bridges and transportation. Engineering design, construction, management technology and theoretical knowledge can keep pace with the times and achieve systematic and substantial breakthroughs.

This book is divided into eight chapters, including sustainable development of road engineering, road engineering design, road construction and management, bridge engineering, bridge construction management, road and bridge engineering maintenance, traffic engineering and traffic facility engineering. Among them, a lot of space is used to explain road and bridge engineering, especially the design and construction management of road engineering. The reason that only the last two chapters separately explain transportation facility engineering and its sustainable development concept is that road and bridge engineering itself is actually part of traffic engineering. Therefore, I will not repeat them here.

In the face of the ever-changing project construction reality, this book has put forward in some chapters some of the problems we are facing and the reasons for their existence, and put forward related measures and reflections, hoping to provide a reference for the majority of road and bridge and traffic workers This is why we wrote the book Roads and Bridges and Traffic Engineering. Because the book is relatively cumbersome, the format, depth, and breadth of the chapters may not be consistent, and errors are unavoidable. Readers can criticize and correct it.

前言 

交通运输是国民经济的基础性、先导性产业，该产业的发展水平与国民经济的发展有着极为重要的联系。随着世界经济的高速发展，我国的国民经济也同样得到了较大的提高，在交通运输上由过去单一的交通工具，变成多种交通工具的共同发展，使得交通运输的发展更加多样化，交通运输的发展水平也有所提高。作为经济发展的重要一环，交通运输不容忽视。而我国在改革开放后，工农业生产迅速发展，经济基础日益增强，随着城市化进程以及经济发展的加快，各类路桥交通工程也如雨后春笋般建设起来，这就要求我们的道路桥梁与交通工程的设计、施工、管理技术与理论知识能够与时俱进，取得系统地、实质性地突破。

本书分为八个章节，内容包括道路工程、道路工程设计、道路施工与管理、桥梁工程、桥梁施工管理、道路桥梁工程养护、交通工程与交通设施工程的可持续发展。其中用大量篇幅来阐述路桥工程，尤其是道路工程的设计与施工管理，只在最后两章分别阐述交通设施工程及其可持续发展理念的原因在于，路桥工程本身其实也算交通工程的一部分，因此这里也就不再赘述。

面对日新月异的工程项目建设实际，这本书在各章节中都有提出一些我们正面临的问题及其存在的原因，并提出了相关措施和思考，希望可以为广大路桥及交通工作者提供参考，这也是我们编写《道路桥梁与交通工程》这本书的用意所在。由于本书涉及知识较烦琐，各章节内容的格式、深度和广度可能并不一致，且谬误无可避免，敬请广大读者批评指正。

Management is the product of human society's collaborative labor and common life. It is accompanied by the production and public life of human society. Management is the sum of planning, organization, leadership, and control activities performed by managers in order to effectively mobilize and use various resources to form organizational goals under certain circumstances and conditions. However, with the rapid development of the social economy and the constant changes in the international situation, the development of enterprises needs to consider more and more new requirements. In the daily operation of an enterprise, business management is an important part of it and plays an important role in the development of the enterprise. Therefore, in the new situation, in-depth study of the development of business management is of great significance to explore its future development direction. In the current business management of enterprises, the lack of information management awareness will gradually fall behind and be eliminated in the increasingly fierce market competition, so it is particularly important to explore the future development direction of business management and study new management models.

This book will elaborate on management review, business management innovation, business management information, visual analysis of the frontiers of the evolution of business management disciplines, and market-oriented business management O2O service models.

前言

管理是人类社会协作劳动和共同生活的产物，是人类社会的生产和公共生活相伴而生的。管理就是管理者在一定的环境和条件下，为了有效动员和运用各种资源从而形成组织目标而进行的计划、组织、领导和控制等项活动的总和。然而随着社会经济的快速发展，国际形势的不断变化，企业的发展需要考虑越来越多新的要求。在企业日常运行中，工商管理是其重要的组成部分，在企业发展中有着重要的地位。所以新形势下，深入研究工商管理的发展，对于探索其未来进一步的发展方向有着重要的意义。在当前所述企业工商管理落后，缺乏信息管理意识，在日益激烈的市场竞争中会逐渐落后并被淘汰，所以探索工商管理的未来发展方向，研究新的管理模式，显得尤为重要。

本书将对管理学综述、企业管理创新、企业管理信息化、工商管理学科演进前沿热点的可视化分析、面向市场主体的工商管理O2O服务模式等方面进行一定的阐述。

Culture is the bloodline and spiritual home of a nation. Nowadays, cultural status and role are more obvious. It is an important source of national cohesion and creativity, an important factor of comprehensive competitiveness, and an important support for economic development. With the continuous development of economic globalization and modernization of science and technology, the competition among various ethnic groups is not only a competition of science and technology and economy, but also a competition of culture. The role of cultural soft power has become increasingly apparent. Deepening the reform of the cultural system and promoting the prosperity of socialist culture in the new era are related to the development of socialism with Chinese characteristics and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. In the 21st century, the cultural industry is emerging as a new economic form, and various ethnic minorities are developing their own cultural industries. The huge economic value generated by the cultural industry has been recognized by many countries. As a new economic form, the cultural industry is rising strongly. In developed countries, the cultural industry has become the focus and pillar industry of the social economy. In the process of global economic integration, the cultural industry, as a rising industry, has shown strong vitality for development, and has been highly valued by governments of various countries. The global cultural market has continued to expand.

Therefore, with the rapid development of the cultural industry, this book analyzes the folklore and art development of ethnic minorities from the content of seven chapters. The development of the cultural industry in the frontier regions of the western part of China can promote local social and economic development and is conducive to national unity and equality. Therefore, the development of the cultural industry of ethnic minorities must keep pace with the times, and find out a development model and road that suits them according to local conditions. The rich cultural resources of ethnic minorities are conducive to the development of their characteristic cultural industries. The development of ethnic cultural industries is conducive to the development of China's overall economy and plays an important complementary role in Chinese culture.

前言

文化是民族的血脉和精神家园，现在，文化地位和作用更加明显，它是民族凝聚力和创造力的重要来源、也是综合竞争力的重要因素、更是经济发展的重要支撑。在经济全球化与科技现代化不断发展的今天，各民族之间的竞争，已不仅仅是科技、经济的竞争，而更多的是文化的竞争，文化的软实力作用已越来越明显。在新时期深化文化体制改革、推动社会主义文化大繁荣，关系到中国特色社会主义的发展，关系到中华民族伟大复兴。二十一世纪，文化产业作为一种新的经济形态正在崛起，各少数民族也在发展自己的文化产业。文化产业所产生的巨大经济价值已经被众多国家所认同，文化产业作为一种新的经济形态正在强劲的崛起，在发达国家，文化产业已经成为社会经济的重点和支柱产业。全球经济一体化过程中，文化产业作为一种朝阳产业，呈现出发展的旺盛生命力，得到各国政府的高度重视，全球文化市场不断扩大。

因此，在文化产业快速发展的今天，本书从七章内容对少数民族民俗及艺术发展进行详细的分析。我国的西部的边疆地区文化产业的发展能促进当地的社会与经济的发展，有利于民族的团结和平等。所以，少数民族文化产业的发展必须与时俱进，因地制宜找出一条适合自己的发展模式与道路。少数民族丰富的文化资源，有助于其发展特色的文化产业，少数民族文化产业的发展，有助于我国整体经济的发展，对中华文化的起到重要的补充作用。

State-owned enterprises are an economic form that has existed in China for a long time. They are the economic pillars of the ruling party's public governance. They are the backbone of the development of socialism with Chinese characteristics. The construction industry is the vanguard of domestic infrastructure construction, and also a pioneer of the "going out" strategy and the "Belt and Road" construction. The Nineteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China has made a series of major deployments on the construction of a modern economic system, especially "strengthening the construction of infrastructure networks such as water conservancy, railways, highways, water transport, aviation, pipelines, power grids, information, logistics, etc." Entered a period of important strategic opportunities.

State-owned enterprise corporate culture and party building are unique characteristics of China's state-owned enterprises, a characteristic product of the combination of China's political and economic forms, and an important link to ensure political, economic, and social stability. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized that comprehensively and strictly governing the party and strengthening party building are not special, there are no exceptions in state-owned enterprises, they can only be strengthened and not weakened. Therefore, this book comprehensively expounds and analyzes the party building and human resource management of state-owned construction enterprises from the contents of six chapters, analyzes the current state-owned enterprise culture and the main constraints of party building work in state-owned construction enterprises, explores solutions, and strengthens the party's leadership. It is of great significance to explore the innovation of the theoretical system of party building work at the grassroots level and lead the better development of construction enterprises.

前言 

国有企业是我国一直以来就存在的经济形态，是执政党进行公共治理的经济支柱，是中国特色社会主义发展的中坚力量。建筑行业是国内基础设施建设的排头兵，也是“走出去”战略和“一带一路”建设的先行者。党的十九大曾关于建设现代化经济体系做了一系列重大部署，特别是“加强水利、铁路、公路、水运、航空、管道、电网、信息、物流等基础设施网络建设”等，使建筑业进入了重要的战略机遇期。

国企企业文化及党建是我国国有企业独有的特色，是我国政治形态和经济形态相结合的特色产物，也是保障政治、经济和社会稳定的重要纽带。习近平总书记强调，全面从严治党、加强党的建设在国有企业没有特殊、没有例外，只能加强，不能削弱。因此，本书从六章内容对国有建筑企业党建与人力资源管理进行全面阐述与分析，深入剖析当前国企文化及党建工作在国有建筑施工企业的主要制约因素，探究解决方法，对强化党的领导，探索基层党建工作理论体系创新，引领建筑施工企业更好的发展具有重要意义。

With the innovation of science and technology and the progress of social development, people's living standards have been qualitatively leapfrogged. At the same time as social development, the traditional power marketing and management model have no longer met the needs of the current power market. It is necessary to make certain reforms and innovations in the power marketing management in order to meet the current social development needs.

This book consists of seven chapters. The introduction first briefly introduces the development status and future of China's power industry, an overview of the power market and power marketing, and smart grid and power company marketing management innovation. The content of the power market, power marketing, power marketing management, power marketing project management, business management of township power stations, and smart power marketing management are explained in the back. This book is based on the basic principles of advancing with the times, and insists on the Marxist dialectical thinking of linking theory with practice. In addition to the basic power marketing theory, it also involves the application of a large number of innovative technologies such as smart grids and power marketing management. The effect of marketing services brought some guidance, and we hope this book can provide reference opinions to the majority of the power industry staff.

前言

随着科学技术的创新，社会发展的进步，人们的生活水平得到了质的飞越。社会发展的同时，传统的电力市场营销及管理模式已经不符合当下电力市场的需要，要对电力市场营销管理做出一定的改革创新，这样才能够满足当前的社会发展需要。

本书共七章，绪论部分先简单介绍了我国电力行业发展现状与未来、电力市场与电力市场营销概述以及智能电网与电力企业营销管理创新。后面重点阐释了电力市场、电力市场营销、电力市场营销管理、电力营销项目管理、乡镇供电所的营业管理与智能电力营销管理的内容。本书本着与时俱进的基本原则，坚持理论联系实践的马克思主义辩证思想，除基本的电力市场营销理论外，还涉及大量智能电网与电力营销管理等创新技术的应用，以期为电力企业的营销服务效果带来一些指导作用，也希望本书能给广大电力行业工作人员带来参考性意见。