Infectious diseases are a kind of diseases caused by various pathogens, which can spread between people, animals or between people and animals. At present, China’s legally reported infectious diseases are divided into three categories: A, B and C, totally 39 species. In addition, it also includes other infectious diseases that National Health Commission of People’s Republic of China has decided to list in the management of B and C infectious diseases and other infectious diseases that carry out emergency monitoring reports in accordance with A management.
     Infectious disease is a disease that can be transmitted from one person or other species to another through various ways. Usually, the disease can be transmitted through air, water, food, contact, soil and vertical transmission (mother to child transmission), etc. It can be transmitted through direct contact with infected individuals, body fluids and excreta of infected persons, and objects contaminated by infected persons.
     Infectious diseases are characterized by ferocity, great harm, wide spread and great social impact. Since the beginning of history, human beings have been fighting against various infectious diseases. With the improvement of transportation level and the increase of floating population, the prevention of infectious diseases is no longer a simple prevention in a region or a country, but has been expanded to the world. The prevalence of SARS is still fresh in people’s memory.
     In this book, the basic knowledge of infectious diseases and related research applications are introduced in detail, and a large number of the latest examples and data are used to explain, so as to make contributions to the cause of health education and prevention and control of infectious diseases in China as far as possible, and provide reference for the majority of infectious disease researchers, which is also the original intention of this book.

前 言

传染病(Infectious Diseases) 是由各种病原体引起的能在人与人、动物与动物或人与动物之间相互传播的一类疾病。中国目前的法定报告传染病分为甲、乙、丙 3类.共 39 种。此外，还包括国家卫生计生委决定列入乙类、丙类传染病管理的其他传染病和按照甲类管理开展应急监测报告的其他传染病。
       传染病是一种可以从一个人或其他物种，经过各种途径传染给另一个人或物种的感染病。通常这种疾病可借由直接接触已感染之个体、感染者之体液及排泄物、感染者所污染到的物体，可以通过空气传播、水源传播、食物传播、接触传播、土壤传播、垂直传播(母婴传播)等。
      传染性疾病的特点是来势凶猛危害性大，传播范围广，社会影响大。而从有历史记载以来，人类一直就在与各种传染性疾病作斗争。随着交通运输水平的提高，流动人口的增加，传染病的预防已不再是简单的某个地区或某个国家进行预防，现已扩大至全球。 SARS 的流行至今人们还记忆犹新。
      本书中详细介绍了传染病的基础知识和相关的研究应用，大量采用最新实例与数据说明，以期尽可能为我国传染病健康教育与防控事业做出贡献，为广大传染病研究工作者提供参考，这也是我们编写这本书的初衷。

The continuous development and progress of modern science and technology and management have promoted the development of measurement work in China’s enterprises, and the constantly changing social environment for measurement and measurement management work requirements are also constantly improving. The main purpose of this paper is to help measurement and measurement management workers to fully understand and master the modern measurement management knowledge and measurement management system, so as to adapt to the changing modern enterprise measurement work and better complete the modern measurement management and measurement management work.
      Measurement is an indispensable part of the production and operation activities of enterprises, and also the basis of scientific management of modern enterprises. It plays an important role in improving product quality, ensuring safe production, realizing energy conservation and consumption reduction, protecting ecological environment, cost accounting, improving labor productivity, and maintaining the sustainable development of enterprises. In order to standardize and strengthen the measurement work of enterprises, so that it can meet the needs of the international and domestic market, we have compiled the book Research on Modern Measurement Management and Measurement Management System based on the successful experience of enterprise measurement work and the measurement requirements of market economy for many years, aiming to help and guide the measurement workers of enterprises to understand the current situation of measurement work at home and abroad and the development trend, grasp the basic knowledge and methods of the enterprise to carry out measurement work, and apply these knowledge and methods to the management activities of the enterprise, so as to improve the economic and social benefits.

前 言

现代科技与管理的不断发展与进步都促进了我国企业计量工作的开展，不断变化的社会环境对于计量和测量管理的工作要求也在不断提高。本文主旨是帮助计量和测量管理工作者可以全面地了解和掌握现代计量管理知识和测量管理体系，以便顺应不断变化的现代企业计量工作，能够更好地完成现代计量管理与测
量管理的工作。
        计量是企业生产经营活动中不可缺少的组成部分，也是现代企业实行科学管理的基础，它对于提高产品质量、保证安全生产、实现节能降耗、保护生态环境、进行成本核算、提高劳动生产率，保持企业可持续发展具有十分重要的作用。为了规范和加强企业的计量工作，使之能够适应国际和国内的市场需求，我们结合多年来企业计量工作的成功经验和市场经济对企业的计量要求，编写了《现代计量管理与测量管理体系研究》一书，旨在帮助和指导广大企业计量工作者了解国际国内计量工作的现状及发展趋势，掌握企业开展计量工作的基本知识和方法，并将这些知识和方法运用到企业的管理活动中，提高经济效益和社会效益发挥应有的作用。

With the development of the world economy and science and technology, the society has entered the information age, and the landscape architecture specialty in its development process, also in the information age has been an unprecedented development opportunity. And landscape architecture teaching can also be fully combined with information technology, through the virtual simulation technology to assist the teaching of landscape architecture design and construction, so that teachers and students can learn and practice the knowledge of landscape architecture more intuitively with the help of virtual simulation technology, and improve the teaching quality and efficiency of landscape architecture.
   Modern garden teaching is of great significance to the cultivation of high-quality talents related to garden construction. Especially with the continuous development of modern science and technology, the bonus of technology and garden teaching is increasing. The emergence of virtual simulation technology provides a modern, intuitive and professional means for garden teaching. This paper discusses the development and construction requirements of landscape art and construction, and the innovation of landscape teaching under the background of virtual reality technology, so as to provide reference for the development of modern landscape teaching.

前 言

随着世界经济水平和科学技术水平的发展，社会已经进入了信息化时代，而风景园林专业在其发展过程中，也在信息化时代中得到了前所未有的发展机遇。而风景园林教学也可以充分与信息化技术相结合，通过虚拟仿真技术来辅助风景园林设计建造的教学工作，让师生在虚拟仿真技术的帮助下更为直观的学习和实践风景园林专业的知识，提高风景园林专业的教学质量和教学效率。
      现代园林教学对培养园林建设相关高素质人才具有非常重要的意义，尤其随着现代科技的不断发展，技术之与园林教学的红利越来越大，虚拟仿真技术的出现更是为园林专业教学提供一项极具现代气息和直观、专业性的手段。本文就园林艺术与建设的发展及建设要求、虚拟现实技术背景下园林教学创新等内容展开探讨，力求为现代园林教学的发展提供借鉴。

The economy will drive the development of many factors. For example, the development of urbanization depends on the economy. The development of urbanization is also affected by many factors. For example, the opportunities of infrastructure construction and transmission and distribution system engineering described in this paper affect the process of urbanization. Therefore, this paper introduces the situation of infrastructure construction and the understanding of transmission and distribution system engineering, so as to promote the development of urbanization faster. The progress of urbanization is a sign of economic development, and the degree of urbanization is determined by infrastructure construction and transmission and distribution system engineering.
     In the past hundred years, science and technology have developed rapidly at an unprecedented speed, and the living environment of human beings has changed with each passing day. Science and technology have changed the mode and quality of human life, and the demand of life has also promoted the development of science and technology. As a basic industry, electric power industry shoulders the historical mission of serving the national economy and social development. It is of great significance to strengthen the popularization of science and technology in electric power industry, improve the scientific and cultural quality of the masses, promote the transformation of the mode of economic growth of electric power, and make the electric power industry rely on the progress and innovation of science and technology. Therefore, the popularization of science in electric power industry is also an important and urgent task for electric power workers.

前 言

经济会带动许多因素的发展，像是城市化的发展就需要依赖经济的带动，城市化的发展也受很多因素的影响，像是本文讲述的基建施工和输配电系统工程机会影响到城市化的进程，所以本文介绍了基建施工的情况和了解输配电系统工程，进而更快的推动城市化的发展，城市化的发展进度是经济发展的标志，而基建施工和输配电系统工程决定了城市化的程度。
      近百年来，科学技术以前所未有的速度飞速发展，人类生活环境也发生着日新月异的变化。科学技术改变了人类生活模式和质量，生活的需求也促进了科学技术的发展。作为基础产业的电力工业，肩负为国民经济和社会发展服务的历史使命。加强电力工业科学技术普及工作，提高广大人民群众的科学文化素质，促进电力经济增长方式的转变，使电力工业依靠科学技术进步和创新具有十分重要的意义，因此，电力科普工作也是电力工作者面临的一项重要而紧迫的任务。

At present, China’s power consumption has been in the forefront of the world, and electrical safety has become a key factor in China’s electrical development. The requirements for electrical safety engineering technology are also increased, and the standards for electrical safety are gradually improved. In order to ensure the electrical demand of our people, it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive analysis and research on the electrical safety engineering technology, constantly update and develop it, build a perfect electrical safety engineering technology system, and apply its implementation to the electrical safety engineering of our country.
     The task of electrical safety in engineering technology is to perfect and develop electrical safety technology methods, in order to establish a complete electrical safety system, and pay attention to the development of advanced automation technology and electrical detection and monitoring technology in the field of safety. The task of management science is to gradually improve the electrical safety level of relevant personnel, gradually realize the standardization of electrical safety, introduce the method of system engineering, and improve the scientificity of electrical safety management. This book focuses on electrical technology, with electrical safety methods and electrical risk factors as the main line, introduces various theories and engineering methods for preventing electrical accidents.

前 言

目前我国的耗电量已经居于世界前列，电气安全也成为了我国的电气发展的关键因素。对电气安全工程技术的要求也随之增高，对电气安全的标准也逐渐提高。为保障我国人民的电气需求，需要对电气安全工程技术进行全面的分析研究，不断对其进行更新和发展，构建完善的电气安全工程技术体系，并将其实施应用于我国的电气安全工程之中。
       电气安全在工程技术方面的任务是完善和研发电气安全技术方法，以求建立完整的电气安全体系，并注重开发先进的自动化技术和电气检测、监测技术在安全领域的应用。在管理科学方面的任务是逐步提高相关人员的电气安全水平，逐步实现电气安全标准化，引进系统工程的方法，提高电气安全管理的科学性。本书侧重电气技术方面，以电气安全方法和电气危险因素为主线，介绍预防电气事故的各种理论和工程方法。