Ecological fishery is a high-tech science and technology that began to rise and became popular in the early 1990s. At present, after the rapid development period since the reform and opening up and the adjustment and rectification of industrial structure in recent years, China’s fishery has entered a sustained, stable and healthy stage. The aquaculture industry continues to maintain a rapid development trend, the aquatic product processing industry and trade continue to grow, the quality of pelagic fishery further improves, and the protection of fishery resources and ecological environment continues to increase. At the same time of the development of large-scale fishery, our government pays more attention to the protection of fishery resources and ecological environment. Therefore, the implementation of ecological fishery development strategy is still an urgent task. In recent years, the theory and technology of ecological fishery at home and abroad have been developing vigorously, especially the application benefits of biological science and technology, ecological management technology, information technology and socio-economic theory in aquaculture, aquatic processing industry and other fields are increasingly prominent, which can be described as fruitful. These achievements enable human beings to explore the development, utilization and protection of water resources in a more macro, fine, comprehensive and quantitative way with the thinking of ecosystem management, so as to make the water resources serve human society more reasonable and sustainable.

In order to apply the advanced ecological fishery technology, especially the ecological engineering technology and the ecological prevention and control technology of diseases and insect pests, to the research of fishery science and ecological science, and to be widely used in fishery production and ecological environment protection of our country, to produce greater economic benefits, and to promote the further development of ecological fishery technology, we have compiled this book on the practical technology of ecological fishery technical monograph so as to meet the needs of subject development and production application. 

前 言

生态渔业是 20 世纪 90 年代初期世界上开始兴起并流行的一门高新科学技术。当前我国渔业经过改革开放以来的高速发展期和近年来的产业结构调整与整顿，步入了一个持续、稳定、健康的阶段，水产养殖业继续保持快速发展的态势，水产品加工业及贸易持续增长，远洋渔业质量进一步提高，渔业资源和生态环境保护力度不断加大。 在加大渔业发展的同时， 我国政府更加重视渔业资源和生态环境的保护，因此，实施生态渔业发展战略仍是当务之急。近年来，国内外生态渔业的理论与技术得到蓬勃发展，尤其是生物科学技术、生态管理技术、信息技术和社会经济学理论在水产养殖业、水产加工业等领域中的应用效益日益突出，可谓硕果累累。这些成果使人类有能力用生态系统管理的思维更为宏观、精细、综合、定量地来探讨水域资源的开发、利用和保护，让水产资源更合理、可持续地为人类社会服务。
  为了将先进的生态渔业技术，特别是生态工程技术和病虫害的生态防控技术应用到渔业科学和生态科学的研究中，并在我国渔业生产和生态环境保护中得到广泛应用，产生更大的经济效益，促进生态渔业技术更深入发展，我们编写了这本关于生态渔业实用技术的学术专著，以配合学科发展和生产应用的需要。

Waste heat refers to the energy to be discarded or discharged after the completion of the process. Some of the waste heat discharge temperatures are very high, some are relatively low, and some are mixed with a large number of dust and pollutants. When the waste heat is discharged into the atmosphere and environment, it will not only cause the waste of energy, but also cause serious pollution to the environment. The relevant law of thermodynamics indicates that there is a certain amount of available energy in the waste heat discharged. How to recover and use this part of available energy, improve the utilization rate of energy, and reduce the pollution of the environment has become an important issue of energy conservation and environmental protection.
     The features of this book are as follows:
    (1) In the relevant references, most of the description and explanation of “waste heat recovery” are concentrated in the “technical scheme” itself, that is, only the system diagram is given, and it is pointed out that it is composed of several components, and the design and calculation of the system, especially the design and calculation of important components or equipment, are not explained basically, which brings difficulties to the manufacture, promotion and application of waste heat recovery equipment. In view of the above situation, this book focuses on the principle and design of waste heat recovery, and focuses on design. The author believes that only by mastering the design calculation method and designing the key equipment, can we really master the technology itself and improve and develop the waste heat recovery system.
    (2) The author of this book has been engaged in teaching and industrial services in the field of energy for a long time, and has participated in the research, development and design of many industrial departments' waste heat recovery projects. The design methods and most examples in this book have the background of industrial application.
    Considering the wide application field of waste heat recovery, the numerous industrial sectors involved, and the continuous emergence of new technologies and schemes, the content of this book still needs to be improved. We hope the publication of this book can provide a little help to the cause of waste heat recovery.

前 言

余热，又称废热，是指在工艺过程完成后准备废弃或排放的能量。余热的排放温度有的很高，有的较低，在排放的余热中，有的夹杂着大量的粉尘和污染物。将余热排向大气和环境中，不但造成了能源的浪费，而且会对环境造成严重的污染。热力学相关定律指出，在排放的余热中都含有一定的可用能。如何回收和利用这部分可利用的能量，提高能源的利用率，同时减轻对环境的污染，已成为节能和环保的重大课题。
   本书的特点如下：
  （1）在相关的参考文献中，对“余热回收”的叙述和讲解，绝大多数都集中在“技术方案”本身，即只给出系统图，指出由几个部件组成，基本上不讲解系统的设计计算，尤其是重要部件或设备的设计计算，这给余热回收设备的制造、推广和应用带来了困难。针对上述情况，本书重点讲述余热回收的原理和设计，而且以设计为主。作者认为，只有掌握了设计计算方法，能自行设计关键设备，才能真正地掌握技术本身，才能对余热回收系统进行改进和开发。
  （2）本书作者曾长期从事能源领域的教学和工业服务，参与过众多工业部门余热回收项目的研究、开发和设计，本书中的设计方法和大多数例题都有工业应用的背景。
  考虑到余热回收的应用领域极其宽广，涉及的工业部门众多，新的技术和方案在不断涌现，本书所涉及的内容还有很多有待提高和完善之处。希望本书的出版能对余热回收事业提供一点微薄的助力。

With the strong support and careful guidance of the Basic Investigation Department of China Geological Survey Bureau, the remote sensing monitoring of mines has achieved fruitful results. In order to further promote the industrialization application of domestic satellite data in the dynamic supervision of the current situation of mineral resources development, the aviation remote center has undertaken and completed the national high technology industrialization project of “the dynamic supervision of the current situation of mineral resources development based on domestic satellite” issued by the National Development and Reform Commission. According to the characteristics of domestic satellite data, the existing technical process and application system of mine remote sensing monitoring are developed, transformed and integrated, and the related software and hardware supporting facilities are developed and enhanced. Through the application demonstration and system construction of dynamic supervision of mineral resources development based on domestic satellite, the industrial application of domestic satellite data is promoted. This promotes the scientific and innovative means of land and resources supervision, and improves the level and efficiency of mine development monitoring. Through the implementation of the project, a dynamic supervision system for the current situation of mineral resources development has been formed, which organically links the real-time requirements of land and resources supervision work with the autonomy of domestic satellites. According to the characteristics of domestic satellite data, targeteddevelopment and demonstration application have been carried out, which provides technical preparation for the industrial application of domestic satellite data, improves the ability of rapid monitoring of the current situation of mineral resources development, totally changes the conventional monitoring mode of mine development based on foreign data (once a year) and increases a new real-time dynamic inspection mode of mine development based on domestic data (more than one year). The mine monitoring center, which integrates satellite orbit prediction, rapid data processing, field verification management and mine encounter monitoring map system, has been initially established, which forms the real-time dynamic monitoring capacity of 1:50000-1:10000 mineral resources development status based on domestic data and the emergency investigation capacity within 24 hours. It lays the foundation for the industrialization application of domestic satellite data.

前 言

在中国地质调查局基础调查部的大力支持和精心指导下，矿山遥感监测工作取得了丰硕的成果。为进一步推动国产卫星数据在矿产资源开发现状动态监管工作中的产业化应用，航遥中心承担并完成了国家发展和改革委员会下达的“基于国产卫星的矿产资源开发现状动态监管高技术产业化示范工程”国家高技术产业化项目。针对国产卫星数据的特点，对矿山遥感监测工作已有的技术流程和应用体系进行适应性开发、改造与集成，开发或增强相关的软硬件配套设施等；通过基于国产卫星的矿产资源开发动态监管的应用示范和系统建设，推进国产卫星数据的产业应用，促进国土资源监管手段的科学化与创新，提高矿山开发监测的水平和监测效益。通过项目实施，初步开发形成了矿产资源开发现状动态监管系统，有机地将国土资源监管工作的实时性要求与国产卫星的自主性紧密地衔接起来，根据国产卫星数据的特点进行了针对性开发和示范应用， 为国产卫星数据的产业化应用进行了技术准备，提高了矿产资源开发现状快速监测的能力，彻底改变了基于国外数据的矿山开发常规监测工作模式（一年一次），新增了基于国产数据的矿山开发实时动态巡查工作方式（一年多次）。初步建立了集卫星轨道预测、数据快速处理、野外核查管理与矿山遇感监测-张图系统于一体的矿山监测中心，形成了基于国产数据的 1∶ 5 万～1∶ 1 万矿产资源开发现状实时动态监测的能力和 24 小时内的应急调查能力，为国产卫星数据的产业化应用奠定了基础。

“Architecture Construction Technology” is the basic and required course for civil engineering related majors in Higher Vocational Education institutions. The task of the course is to study the construction technology, construction skills and construction methods of the main types of civil engineering construction. Construction technology has strong practicality and comprehensiveness, wide range of social application. And the new technology is updated quickly. This course strives to broaden the professional scope, expand the knowledge scope, reflect the advanced technical level, meet the needs of development, comprehensively apply the basic theory and knowledge, solve the practical problems encountered in the project. And the content conforms to the actual needs of the existing construction level.
     In order to meet the needs of the training objectives of practical talents in Higher Vocational Education in China, the teaching materials are closely combined with the practice of today’s construction technology. From the perspective of strengthening and training operation skills, it better reflects the latest practical knowledge and operation technology of the profession, and cultivates students’ practical ability. So it can select a reasonable construction scheme according to the specific conditions of the project, and use advanced production technology to control the project cost and complete the project with quality and quantity guaranteed.
     This book rearranges its system, structure and content according to the task driven compilation idea. Its content is based on the current standards and construction specifications of our country, and strives to make the knowledge system complete, operable and closely combined with the reality. The book aims at the teaching of higher vocational education, and is based on the basic content of construction technology and organization. With the degree of necessity and sufficiency, combining theory with practice, being easy and simple, applying learning to practice, highlighting practical and practical links and contents as well as skill training, it reflects the characteristics and features of Higher Vocational Education institutions, and meets the actual teaching requirements of Higher Vocational Education institutions.

前 言

“建筑施工技术”是高等职业教育院校土建类相关专业必修的基础性课程，课程任务是研究土木建筑工程施工各主要工种的施工工艺、施工技术和施工方法。建筑施工技术具有较强的实践性和综合性，社会应用范围广，且新技术更新快。本课程力求拓宽专业面、扩大知识面、反映先进的技术水平，以适合发展的需要，力求综合运用基本理论和知识，以应用为主，解决工程中遇到的实际问题，内容符合现有施工水平的实际需要。
  为了适应我国高等职业教育实践型人才培养目标的需要，教材密切结合当今建筑施工技术的实践，从强化与培养操作技能的角度出发，更好地体现本职业当前最新的实用知识与操作技术，努力培养学生的实践能力。使之能根据工程具体条件选择合理的施工方案，并运用先进的生产技术，控制工程造价，保质保量完成工程项目。
  本书依循任务驱动的编写思路，对其体系、结构和内容做了重新编排，其内容依据我国现行的标准和施工规范，力求知识系统完整、紧密结合实际、具备可操作性。其以高等职业教育教学为目标，以建筑施工技术与组织的基本内容为基础，以必需和够用为度，理论联系实际、深入浅出、学以致用，突出实操性、实务性环节和内容以及技能训练，体现了高等职业教育院校的特点、特色，符合高等职业教育院校的实际教学要求。

Land resource refers to the land that can be used for agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry or other purposes. It is the basic material and labor object of human existence, with two contents of quality and quantity. In the process of utilization, it may be necessary to take different types and different degrees of transformation measures. Land resources have certain spatiotemporal characteristics, that is, under the technical and economic conditions of different regions and different historical periods, the contents may be inconsistent. For example, large area marsh is difficult to control because of water logging. In the historical period of small-scale agricultural economy, it is not suitable for agricultural use and cannot be regarded as agricultural land resources. But today, it is the agricultural land resources that have the technical conditions for management and development. Therefore, some scholars think that land resources include two aspects: the natural attribute and the economic attribute.
    This book mainly carries on the comprehensive management and the analysis from six chapters to our country land resources management and the real property economy. It proposes the solution to the present existing questions. We hope that it can have certain help.

前 言

土地资源指可供农、林、牧业或其它可利用的土地，是人类生存的基本资料和劳动对象，具有质和量两个内容。在其利用过程中，可能需要采取不同类别和不同程度的改造措施。土地资源具有一定的时空性，即在不同地区和不同历史时期的技术经济条件下，所包含的内容可能不一致。如大面积沼泽因渍水难以治理，在小农经济的历史时期，不适宜农业利用，不能视为农业土地资源。但在已具备治理和开发技术条件的今天，即为农业土地资源。由此，有的学者认为土地资源包括土地的自然属性和经济属性两个方面。
  本书主要从六章内容对我国土地资源管理及不动产经济进行全面的管理及分析，对当前存在的问题提出解决措施，希望能够有一定的帮助。