With the deepening of the modernization drive, people have higher and higher requirements for their living environment. Transportation, water, electricity and meteorology have become the main issues to be considered in the modernization drive. The accuracy of China's modernization construction has a great relationship with modern measurement technology. Scientific and reasonable measurement of the construction area can more accurately and effectively construct it. In the initial stage of project selection, it is necessary to use engineering measurement technology to collect relevant data locally. Then, through reasonable and effective analysis of the data, the project construction plan is determined, and the preliminary estimated situation is effectively corrected. In the process of project construction, engineering measurement technology must also be used to reasonably predict and detect the project, so as to ensure that the project quality can reach the standard and further prevent some engineering accidents and dangerous accidents. These are also the most basic functions of the common layer measurement technology. With the continuous development of the times, any kind of technology is inseparable from innovation, as is engineering measurement technology. The innovation and development of engineering measurement technology can not only effectively improve the accuracy of the project, but also ensure the quality of the project in all aspects. Engineering surveying technology is an important task in engineering construction. The accuracy of its measurement data is directly related to the quality of the project construction. The modern engineering survey technology uses the power of technology to improve the accuracy and speed of construction surveys. Through the use of various construction measurement technologies, the measurement technology is further developed and its quality is guaranteed. Therefore, we should be committed to the advancement of measurement technology, establish a more comprehensive construction measurement system, effectively guarantee the measurement quality, and improve the quality of construction projects. This book introduces engineering measurement technology in multiple fields, and provides assistance to technical personnel engaged in engineering measurement work.

前言

随着我国现代化建设不断的深入，人们对自身生活的环境要求也越来越高，交通、水电以及气象等问题都成了现代化建设所要考虑的主要问题，我国现代化的建设的准确性，与现代测量技术有着非常大的关系，只有科学合理的对施工地区进行测量，才能够更加准确的对其进行有效的建设.在对工程进行选定的初期，就要使用工程测量技术对当地进行相关数据的采集，然后通过对数据进行合理有效的分析，从而确定工程施工的计划，并且对初步估计的情况进行有效的纠正；在工程施工的过程中，还要使用工程测量技术对工程进行合理的预测以及检测，从而确保工程质量能够达到国家要求的标准，进一步防止一些工程事故以及危险事故发生。这些还是共层测量技术最基本的作用，随着时代的不断发展，任何一种技术都离不开创新，工程测量技术也一样，对工程测量技术创新和发展，不仅仅能够有效的提高工程的准确性，还能够在各个方面确保工程的质量。工程测量技术是工程施工的一项重要工作。其测量数据的准确与否直接关系到了工程施工的质量。而现代的工程测量技术就运用了科技的力量提高了施工测量的精度及速度等。通过各项施工测量技术的运用，使得测量技术更进一步发展，保证了其质量。因此，我们应该致力于测量技术的进步，建立更加全面的施工测量体系，有效地保证并提高测量质量，提高施工工程的质量。本书介绍了多个领域的工程测量技术，为从事工程测量工作技术人员提供帮助。

In recent years, the development of social economy and industry has improved significantly compared with the previous years. Therefore, the automation technology for power engineering has been developed rapidly. As automation technology is used more frequently, potential problems are emerging. No matter it is information, physics and other disciplines, or the technical methods with extremely fast updating speed, it will bring influence to power engineering and automation invisibly. In this way, electrical engineering and automation technologies are discussed to ensure that they are compatible with the demands of socio-economic and industrial development. This is of great significance.

Therefore, this book conducts a comprehensive analysis and elaboration of electric power engineering and its automated management from seven chapters. It hopes to provide some references for relevant staffs.

前言 

       近几年，社会经济和工业的发展速度，与之前相比具有明显的提升，电力工程所适用的自动化技术，也因此而得到了快速的发展，随着自动化技术使用频率的逐渐增加，潜在问题也逐渐显露了出来。无论是信息、物理等学科，还是更新速度极快的技术方法，在无形之中都会给电力工程及自动化带来影响，正是因为如此，围绕着电力工程、自动化技术展开讨论，保证其与社会经济、工业发展提出的需求相契合，具有十分重要的意义。

       因此，本书从七章内容对电力工程及其自动化管理进行全面的分析与阐述，希望有一定的帮助。

We live in the era of big data, and have been inseparable from the impact of big data. Long-term stable economic development is one of China's important development goals. There are many factors involved in economic development. The role of each factor will have a supporting or limiting effect on economic development. Therefore, if economic development is not affected by various constraints, these issues need to be analyzed in advance.However, it is not easy to analyze it in the traditional way. The subjective analysis of relevant personnel is often not objective and rational, which will affect the accuracy of the analysis.Big data can effectively solve this problem. It has a large amount of data, a certain diversity and no subjective color.It is an objective and reliable basis, which plays an obvious role in economics research.

前言

我们生活在大数据时代，生活中已经离不开大数据带来的影响。经济长远稳定发展是当前我国重要的发展目标之一，经济发展涉及到的因素比较多，每一种因素的作用都会对经济发展起到支持或限制的影响，因而要想经济发展不受到各种限制因素的影响，就需要提前将这些问题分析出来，但以传统的方式进行分析并不容易，相关人员的主观性分析，往往带有较强的主观性，因此会使得分析的准确度下降，大数据恰好可以有效解决这一问题，其数据量较大，并且有一定的多样性，并且其没有任何的主观色彩。其是一种客观、可靠的依据，在经济学研究中作用明显。

In order to meet the needs of urban economic development, we must promote the soundness of the landscape planning system, ensure the effective coordination of its internal links and strengthen of its planning efforts through the deepening of its planning model, so as to ensure the stable development of urban image engineering, meet the needs of people for the quality of daily life, promote the positive improvement of urban ecological environment and the soundness of modern urban planning systems, and meet the needs of practical work.

The planning of modern urban garden landscapes should be based on the protection of the urban ecological environment, using all available spaces in the gardens to increase the urban green area, so as to promote the improvement of the urban comprehensive environment and the people’s living comfort. This requires modern urban garden landscape designers to integrate the urban basic information and basic garden conditions, focusing on native plants, humane, novel but not impetuous, beautiful and practical, simple and satisfying needs. Urban gardens that meet ecological requirements are the principles and goals of garden planning and design.

The construction of urban landscape should be synchronized with the process of urbanization, and it is a sign of the development of urban civilization. It plays an important role in improving the living environment of the citizens, beautifying the urbanization environment and improving the happiness of the citizens. In the planning of urban landscape, we should adhere to the principle of people-oriented, pay attention to the design concept of adapting to local conditions and diversifying, avoid the uniformity of urban landscapes and copying each other, prevent urban landscapes from becoming government image projects, and promote the urban landscape to play its due role in the city.

前 言

为了满足城市经济的发展需要，我们要促进园林景观规划系统的健全，通过对其规划模式的深化，确保其内在环节的有效协调，促进其规划力度的加强，以保障城市形象工程的稳定发展，满足人们对于日常生活质量的需要，促进城市生态环境的积极改善，促进现代城市规划系统的健全，满足实际工作的需要。

现代城市园林景观的规划要以城市生态环境的保护为基础，利用园林内一切可以利用的空间，提高城市绿化面积，以此促进城市综合环境的改善，提高人们居住的舒适度。这就要求现代城市园林景观设计人员要以综合城市基础信息与园林基本情况，以本土植物为重点，人性化、新颖而不浮躁、美观而实用、简单而满足需求，符合生态要求的城市园林是园林规划设计的原则和追求的目标。

城市园林景观的建设应该与城市化的进程是同步的，是城市文明发展的标志。对于提升市民的居住环境，美化城市化境，提升市民的幸福感都有着重要的作用。在城市园林的规划中要坚持以人为本的大原则的前提下，注重因地制宜，多样化的设计理念，避免城市园林景观千篇一律，互相照搬照抄的问题出现，避免城市园林景观成为政府的形象工程，促使城市园林景观在城市中发挥它应有的作用。

Garden planning and design is an ancient and young discipline in China. It is said to be ancient because the history of gardening can be traced back thousands of years, and there are a lot of examples and theories of traditional gardens in the world. However, due to the development and evolution of this discipline in practice, it is both an integration with modern society and a matter of recent decades.

Before the 1980s, there were few people in the garden planning and design industry. National power is limited. Except for individual outstanding works, it is still at a relatively basic level. Generally speaking, axes, scenic spots, landscaped greenery, and traditional or innovative garden architectural symbols have become common patterns in garden planning and design. The image of the park in people's minds is basically a pavilion under the shade of green.

Since the 1990s, economic development and urbanization have brought about the prosperity of urban garden planning and design in China. With the gradual improvement of urban functions, parks, green squares, ecological corridors and suburban scenic spots have become the modern symbol of the city and the inevitable way to improve the quality of urban environment, life and culture. The functional positioning of urban garden ecology, landscape, culture, rest and risk reduction has been gradually recognized by the industry. From traditional gardens to urban greening and suburban integrated landscape, the concept of landscape planning and design is gradually deepening and improving, and the field is also expanding. On the basis of the traditional culture, the designers constantly combine the national conditions in practice, absorb some new thoughts and ideas from abroad, and adapt to the needs of modern life to create a batch of better works. Landscape architects not only lead the landscape planning and design, but also participate in the overall urban planning to intervene in urban design from a larger and wider level.

Modern landscape planning and design must innovate the concept of planning and design, actively absorb the advanced experience and technology of foreign landscape planning and design, and combine the cultural characteristics and local customs of this region to design excellent landscape art works. At the same time, the planning and design of modern landscape gardens should give full play to their ecological, cultural and economic functions to create a good ecological environment for promoting the sustainable development of modern cities.

前 言

园林规划设计在我国应该说是一门古老而又年轻的学科。说它古老，是因为我们的造园史可以追溯到几千年前，有一批在世界上堪称绝佳的传统园林范例和理论。说它年轻，是由于这门学科在实践中发展、演变，既与现代社会融合接轨，又是近几十年的事。

20世纪80年代之前，园林规划设计业内人士很少，加上国力有限，除了出现过个别优秀作品外，总体上还处于比较初级的水平，一般地讲，轴线、景区、山水绿地，加上传统的或革新式的园林建筑符号，成为园林规划设计的普遍模式。人们心目中的公园形象，基本上是绿荫下的亭台。

20世纪90年代以来，经济发展了，城市化的进程带动了全国城市园林规划设计的繁荣随着城市功能的逐步健全，公园、绿化广场、生态廊道、市郊风景区等愈加成为了城市的现代标志，成为提升城市环境质量、改善生活品质和满足文化追求的必然途径，城市园林生态、景观、文化、休憩和减灾避险的功能定位逐步被业内认同，从传统园林到城市绿化，再到城郊一体化的大地景观，园林规划设计的观念在逐步深化和完善，领域也在拓宽。设计人员在实践中不断结合国情，在继续从传统文脉中吸取营养的基础上，吸纳国外的一些新思潮、新理念，顺应现代生活的需求，创造了一批较好的作品。风景园林师不仅主导着园林规划设计，还参与城市总体规划，介入城市设计，从更大更宽的层面上发挥作用。

现代景观园林规划设计必须创新规划设计理念，积极吸收国外景观园林规划设计的先进经验和技术，结合本地区的文化特色和风土人情，设计出优秀的景观园林艺术作品。同时，现代景观园林规划设计还要充分发挥其生态功能、文化功能和经济功能，为推动现代城市可持续发展创建良好的生态环境。