Since the reform and opening up, the continuous optimization and change of the modern economic market structure has promoted the rapid progress of all walks of life in contemporary society. Nowadays, due to the influence of economic globalization, modern enterprises use scientific ways to carry out comprehensive innovations and improvements in material management work during the process of project operation and daily material supply management. By doing this, the enterprises maintain the stable development of the overall economy of the enterprises and effectively realize their “fast, accurate, stable” material supply activities. These comprehensive innovations and improvements are also the important factor in realizing the balance between supply and demand as well as the improvement in the overall operating income and the efficiency of daily work and management.
    With the development of informatization in society, modern warehouse management technology supported by informatization plays an important role in enterprise warehouse management, bringing about the improvement of management timeliness and management quality. However, the warehouse management application of modern warehouse technology still needs further development.
         Material management is an important part of enterprise management. This part directly affects the company’s cost control status and indirectly affects the company’s development status. With the continuous deepening of the reform of the market economy system, the original domestic enterprise material management model, which is centered on “planned rationing”, is increasingly unable to meet the needs of current domestic enterprises, and is not conducive to the development and survival of current domestic enterprises. Under this situation, there is an urgent need for enterprises to take effective measures to promote innovation in material management, keep up with the development of modern enterprises, and play an active role in the development of modern domestic enterprises.

前 言

自我国改革开放以来，随着现代化经济市场结构的不断优化与改变，推动着当代社会各行各业的快速进步。现如今，由于受到经济全球化的影响，现代企业在日常物资供应管理与项目运营过程中，通过科学方式针对物资管理工作进行全面创新与提高，是维持企业整体经济稳定发展，有效实现企业“快、准、稳”物资供给活动的重要前提保障，同样也是实现企业供需平衡的重要影响因素，对提升企业整体经营收益、日常工作与管理效率起着至关重要的影响作用。
        社会的信息化发展，以信息化为支撑的现代仓储管理技术在企业仓库管理中发挥重要作用，带来管理时效和管理质量的双提升。但现代仓储技术的仓库管理应用还有待深入。
       物资管理是企业管理的重要组成部分，该部分直接影响到企业的成本控制状况，从而间接关系着企业的发展状况。随着市场经济体制变革的不断深入，国内原有以“计划配给”为中心的企业物资管理模式越来越不能够满足国内现行各企业的需求，不利于国内现行各企业的发展与生存。此形势下，迫切需要各企业采取有效的措施推进物资管理创新，紧跟现代企业发展步伐，为国内现代企业的发展发挥积极性作用。

水文事业是国民经济和社会发展的基础性公益事业，水文肩负着艰巨而神圣的使命，新时期我国治水新思路的转变，给水文工作提出了更高要求，即为解决国民经济建设和社会经济发展中的水问题提供科学决策依据，为合理开发利用和管理水资源、防治水旱灾害、保护水环境和生态建设提供全面服务。

水资源是生态-社会-经济系统的核心要素，是基础性自然资源和战略性经济资源。随着全球经济发展和人口迅速增长，对水资源的需求量也急剧增加，水资源问题已引发了一系列的社会经济问题。全球约有 8 亿人口缺乏清洁的淡水供应和 20 亿人口缺乏基本卫生的水资源。另一方面，水资源问题更关系到深层次的社会经济问题，如粮食安全问题。因此，水资源已成为全球可持续发展的重要基础，水资源学作为研究地球上人类可利用水资源的科学，在未来全球可持续发展研究中将发挥越来越重要的作用。

随着农业的迅速发展和人口的增加，水的供需矛盾也日益突出，很多地方，特别是北方沿海地区水资源短缺已成为当地经济发展的制约因素。因此，在我国必须对水资源的开发利用、规划布局、水资源保护以及经营管理各个方面，按照国家制定的政策和法规，进行统一的、系统的科学化管理，使我国有限的水资源得到有效的、合理的利用，不致浪费，以满足我国经济发展的需要。

本书在编写过程中参考借鉴了一些专家学者的研究成果和资料，在此特向他们表示感谢。由于编写时间仓促，编写水平有限，不足之处在所难免，恳请专家和广大读者提出宝贵意见，予以批评指正，以便改进。

At present, with China’s constantly updated building materials and building structure more perfect, China’s construction technology is also in constant innovation and development, so in order to create favorable conditions for the development of modern construction engineering. With the rapid development of China’s economy, the construction industry has also ushered in unprecedented opportunities and challenges. In this context, we are gradually aware of the modern construction technology itself. In addition, the construction project itself is a factor of production, with reality, the problem will be reflected in the construction area of construction projects. Therefore, effective construction project management helps to improve the comprehensive benefits of construction projects.
        The construction technology management of construction engineering runs through the whole process of the whole project implementation, which is related to the overall situation of construction engineering quality and occupies an extremely important position. With the continuous development of China’s modernization construction and the gradual advancement of the market economic system reform, China’s construction industry is rapidly integrating with the world, while foreign competitors are also rapidly entering China’s market, which makes the competition in China’s construction market more intense. Therefore, if the construction industry wants to be invincible in the market competition, it must use scientific methods to strengthen the construction technology management of construction engineering, cultivate excellent talents with excellent technology, strengthen the construction technology management of construction engineering, and do a good job in every part of the work at the same time. We need to ensure the quality of construction projects, carry out regular quality knowledge education and training, improve the technical quality and level of technical management personnel, reduce production costs, improve project quality and enterprise efficiency, so as to improve the economic efficiency and market competitiveness of enterprises.

前 言

目前，随着中国的不断更新的建筑材料和建筑结构更加完善，我国的施工技术也在不断创新和发展，所以为现代建筑工程的发展创造了有利条件。随着我国经济快速的发展，建筑行业也迎来了前所未有的机遇和挑战。在这种背景下，也逐渐意识到现代化施工技术本身。此外建设项目本身是生产要素，与现实，问题会反映在建筑面积建设项目。所以 有效的建设项目管理有助于提高建设项目的综合效益。
       建筑工程的施工技术管理贯穿于整个工程项目实施的全过程，事关建筑工程质量大局，并占据着极其重要的地位。随着我国现代化建设的不断深入发展，以及市场经济体制改革的逐步推进。我国的建筑业正迅速与世界接轨，与此同时国外的竞争对手也正迅速进入我国市场，这使得我国建筑市场的竞争更加激烈。为此，建筑业要在市场竞争中立于不败之地，就必须运用科学的方法加强建筑工程施工技术管理，培养技术过硬的优秀人才，加强建筑工程的施工技术管理，同时做好每一部分的工作。确保建筑工程项目的质量，开展经常性质量知识的教育和培训，提高技术管理人员的技术素质和水平，降低生产成本、提高工程质量和企业效益，从而提高企业的经济效益和市场竞争能力。

In recent years, with the increasing investment in power infrastructure projects in China, we must implement effective management of complex infrastructure business through information system. The enterprise resource planning (ERP) is an advanced management idea, which focuses on organization model, business process, enterprise rules and regulations, information technology, etc.
          Power engineering management is an important part of the management of power enterprises in our country, and it plays an indispensable role in the power system. The management of electric power projects has an important influence on the economic benefits of the main body of project investment and the construction enterprises. In recent years, with the implementation of our country’s sustainable development strategy, the construction of power engineering projects has gradually increased. For China’s power grid, under the premise of ensuring the improvement of the power grid system and power supply quality, the reasonable cost control can not only improve China’s economic level, but also help China’s power grid system to be more mature and perfect. At present, the high project cost is largely due to the unscientific and unreasonable management mode of power grid system. Therefore, if we want to control the project cost, we should start from the perspective of management.

前 言

近些年来，伴随着我国在电力基建工程上投资的日趋增加，我们必须要通过信息系统，来对繁杂的基建业务实施有效的管理。而企业资源计划，它是集中了组织模型、业务流程、企业规章制度以及信息技术等，其在管理思想上比较先进。
电力工程管理是我国电力企业管理工作的重要组成部分，在电力系统中发挥不可或缺的作用。电力工程管理工作对工程投资主体的经济利益、施工企业的经济效益有着重要的影响。近年来，随着我国可持续发展战略的实施，电力工程项目的建设也逐渐增多。对于我国电网而言，在保障电网体系的完善和供电质量的前提下，最大限度地合理控制造价成本，这不但能够提升我国的经济水平，而且有助于我国电网体系更加成熟完善。当前，工程造价过高很大程度上是因为电网体系的管理模式不科学不合理，因此若要对工程造价进行控制，那么就应当从管理这一角度来着手解决。

水利工程的质量不只是建筑结构本身，也包括外观方面。作为水利工程的重要组成部分，外观质量体现了工程建设的水平，对工程整体质量起着重要作用。通过分析和掌控外观质量的途径， 可以帮助工程实施提高质量，改善水利行业形象， 解决更多隐患问题。

由于社会的不断发展，人们对精神的追求越来越高。水利工程建筑作为人类社会的重要场所，除了要保障最基本的功能属性，也要求外观达到一定的审美标准。而控制景响水利工程建筑外观质量的因素，通常也是提升质量的有效方法。水工建筑物施工需要水利工程建筑，在通常情况下，水利工程建筑物都是清水混凝土的外观表象。控制建筑物的表面平整，保证一定的色泽和光泽度等，是对外观质量的基本要求。这不但可以提高建筑的安全性，也能够在外观上给人一种比较美观和自然、简约的印象。

影响水利工程建筑的外观质量因素并不是单一的，建筑施工的各个环节都有可能发生作用，包括人为因素、设备、材料、工艺等的方方面面。因此，为了加强水利工程建筑的外观的质量，必须严格按照建设程序出发，切实的掌控从工程设计，到施工、监理以及质量监督等整个流程工作，协调控制，抓住每个环节和因素，全方位彻底的把握外观质量。