From the birth of the first computer in the world to the increasing popularity of Internet today, the development speed of computer can be described as rapid progress, which also brings human civilization into the information age. The emergence of computer network makes people have a more choice in obtaining and transmitting information, and it is a choice that can provide unprecedented “liberalization”. It makes the speed, quality and scope of information spread a qualitative leap in time and space.
    With the wide application and rapid development of computer in various fields of society, the popularization speed of network is beyond people’s imagination. The information transmitted, stored and processed through the network is growing exponentially. The network has become an indispensable infrastructure in the information society. However, network security and network application security have always been the focus of people’s close attention. The openness of the network, especially the Internet network, and the existence of security threats such as system defects and loopholes, malicious attacks, computer viruses, misoperation of staff and weak security awareness, make the security of various network-based applications such as e-commerce, e-government and so on are seriously challenged. Therefore, strengthening network security management and improving network security and availability has become a major issue related to national security, economic development and social stability, and it has important strategic significance.
    With the advent of the Internet era, the “moral vacuum” appears in virtual space, which has a great impact on the traditional social life order. College students are an important part of network users. According to the survey, with the acceleration of university information process and the improvement of campus network access conditions, college student’ network behavior is becoming more and more common, and Internet access has become an important part of college students’ learning, communication, entertainment and other life. At the same time, due to the increasing number of crimes on the Internet, cyber crime has become a social and public security issue that developed countries and developing countries have to pay attention to. standardizing network behavior and preventing network crime has become one of the subjects that the whole society must face.

前 言

从世界上第一台计算机诞生到今天互联网的日益普及，计算机的发展速度可谓突飞猛进，从而也把人类文明带入信息时代。计算机网络的出现，使人们在获取和传递信息时又多了一种选择，而且是一种能够提供空前“自由化”的选择。它使信息的传播速度、质量与范围在时间和空间上有了质的飞跃。
      随着计算机在社会各个领域中的广泛应用和快速发展，网络的普及速度超出了人们的想象，通过网络传输、存储和处理的信息星几何级数增长，网络已经成为信息社会不可或缺的基础设施。但是网络安全以及网络应用安全一直以来都是人们密切关注的焦点，网络尤其是 Internet 网络的开放性加上系统的缺陷与漏洞、恶意攻击、计算机病毒、工作人员的误操作以及安全意识淡薄等安全威胁的存在，使得基于网络的各种应用如电子商务、电子政务等的安全受到了严重挑战。因此，加强网络安全管理、提高网络安全性和可用性已经成为关系国家安全、经济发展和社会稳定的一个重大课题，具有重要的战略意义。
      随着网络时代的到来，虚拟空间出现“道德真空”，对传统的社会生活秩序造成很大冲击。大学生是网络用户的重要组成部分。调查获悉，随着高校信息化进程的加快和校园内网络接入条件的改善，大学生的网络行为越来越普遍，上网成为大学生学习、 交往、娱乐等生活的重要内容。同时，由于网络上的犯罪现象越来越多，网络犯罪已成为发达国家和发展中国家不得不关注的社会公共安全问题。规范网络行为，防治网络犯罪，已成为整个社会必须面对的课题之一。

As an important infrastructure in China, the construction level of port and waterway engineering determines the future development and trade status of ports and channels. In recent years, with the popularization of various automation and information technology, port and waterway construction has gradually developed towards intelligent direction, but there is still a certain gap compared with developed countries. This paper analyzes the current situation of China’s port and waterway engineering, clarifies the problems existing in the development and construction of port and waterway engineering, and looks forward to the suggestions for accelerating the construction and development of port and waterway engineering in the future. As an important infrastructure in China, the construction level of port and waterway engineering determines the future development and trade status of ports and channels.
    With the development of information technology, information and intelligent port and waterway construction is an important direction of its future development, at the same time, it can improve its comprehensive ability to a certain extent. This paper mainly analyzes the port and waterway engineering construction and construction technology, and explores the port management and marine surveying and mapping.

前 言

港口与航道工程作为中国重要基础设施，建设水平决定了各处港口、航道未来发展和贸易地位。近年来，随着各类自动化、信息化技术的推广，港口与航道建设已经逐步向着智能化方向发展，但是，相较于发达国家仍然存在一定差距。论文分析了中国港口与航道工程现状，明确港口与航道工程发展建设期间存在的问题，展望了加快港口与航道工程未来建设发展的建议。港口与航道工程作为中国重要基础设施，建设水平决定了各处港口、航道未来发展和贸易地位。
      随着信息技术发展，信息化、智能化的港口与航道建设是其未来发展的重要方向，同时，能够在一定程度上提升其综合能力。本文主要分析了港口与航道工程建设和施工技术，探究了港口的管理和海洋测绘等方面的内容。

Geotechnical engineering is an important part of civil engineering, which plays an important role in housing, municipal, energy, water conservancy, road, shipping, mining, national defense and other engineering construction. Because of the close relationship between geotechnical engineering and complex and changeable natural conditions, it often becomes the difficulty of engineering construction. Therefore, geotechnical engineering is the key to ensure the engineering quality, shorten the project cycle, reduce the project cost, and improve the economic and social benefits of the project. With the continuous expansion of China’s infrastructure construction scale, geotechnical engineering has put forward one after another of the new problems to be solved.
    With the prosperity of China’s economic construction, there is not much choice space for engineering construction site. In most cases, only through geotechnical engineering investigation can we find out the hydrogeological and engineering geological conditions of the proposed site and its surrounding areas. On the basis of feasibility and stability demonstration of the existing site, the site rock and soil mass can be renovated and reused. This is also the new situation of geotechnical engineering investigation. The blueprint projects of South to North Water Diversion, North to South Coal Diversion and Project of Natural Gas Transmission from West to East China are becoming reality. There are many high-rise buildings and highways extending in all directions. The following geotechnical engineering problems are increasingly prominent, such as foundation settlement, foundation pit deformation, artificial slope collapse and landslide. Therefore, geotechnical engineering survey, the basic link of geotechnical engineering, must provide more detailed, more specific and more reliable geological data related to rock and soil remediation, transformation, engineering design and construction. This paper analyzes and evaluates the possible or hidden geotechnical engineering problems, and puts forward effective prevention and treatment measures, so as to find problems in time, forecast in real time, prevent and treat them as soon as possible, and reduce the economic losses to the minimum.

前 言

岩土工程是土木工程的重要组成部分，在房屋、市政、能源、水利、道路、航运、矿山、国防等各种工程建设中都占有重要地位。由于岩土工程与复杂多变的自然条件密切联系，往往成为工程建设的难点。所以岩土工程是保证工程质量、缩短工程周期、降低工程造价，提高工程经济效益和社会效益的关键。随着我国基础设施建设规模的不断扩大，对岩土工程提出了一个又一个需要解决的新课题，和亟待解决的新问题。
       随着我国经济建设的繁荣，工程建设场地并非有较多的选择空间，大多数情况下， 只能通过岩土工程勘察查明拟建场地及其周边地区的水文地质、 工程地质条件，在对现有场地进行可行性和稳定性论证的基础上，对场地岩土体进行整治、改造再利用，这也是当今岩土工程勘察面临的新形势。南水北调、北煤南运、西气东送等蓝图工程正在成为现实，高楼林立、高速公路四通八达，随之而来的地基沉降、基坑变形、人工边坡崩塌和滑坡等各种岩土工程问题也日益突出，由此要求岩土工程的基础环节——岩土工程勘察必须提供更详细、更具体、更可靠的有关岩土体整治、改造和工程设计、施工的地质资料，对可能出现或隐伏的岩土工程问题进行分析评价，提出有效的预防和治理措施，以便于在工程建设中，及时发现问题，实时预报，及早预防和治理，把经济损失降到最低。

Water is the lifeblood of the national economy. It is also the lifeblood of human development. Water conservancy construction is related to the national economy and people’s livelihood, and water conservancy project construction is a very important infrastructure. The Three Gorges project has been completed as a symbol of the world water conservancy construction level. Great achievements have been made in the construction of water conservancy projects in China. China’s water conservancy project construction is in the climax, the scale is big, the contradiction is many, the technology is difficult, it attracts the world’s attention; the economic sustainable development and the ecological environment protection responsibility, has a long way to go; the harmonious coexistence of human and society and nature need us to work together to create.
    In recent years, many new developments of water conservancy science and technology have been summarized. The compilation of the new achievements, new trends, new developments, in the textbook combined with the content of each chapter, focusing on the water conservancy project construction, construction project management, safety management and other aspects involved in this textbook are introduced. In addition, for the mature, stable, reliable and advanced technical content, the practical formula and data are provided as clearly and concretely as possible.
    In the process of compiling this book, a large number of references have been made, which can not be listed one by one. Here, I would like to express my high respect to the authors of the references. Due to the limited level of the author, there are inevitably omissions and deficiencies in the book. Readers are requested to criticize and correct.

前 言

水是国民经济的命脉，也是人类发展的命脉。水利建设关乎国计民生，水利工程建设是很重要的基础建设。以已经建成的三峡水利枢纽为世界水利建设水平的标志。 我国水利工程建设取得了巨大的成就。 我国水利工程建设正处在高潮规模之大，矛盾之多技术之难，举世瞩目；经济可持续发展与生态环境保护的责任，任重道远；人与社会与自然的和谐共处，需要大家共同努力去创建。
      近年来，水利科学技术的许多新发展得到了总结。此次编写对新成就、新动态、新发展，在教材中结合各章内容介绍，重点对本教材所涉及的水利工程施工、施工项目管理方面、安全管理等方面进行了介绍。另外，对成熟、稳定、可靠、先进的技术内容，尽量清楚、具体地给出够用的实用性公式和数据。
      本书在编著的过程中，参考了大量的文献资料，不能一一列出，在此向参考文献的作者表示崇高的敬意。由于作者水平有限，书中难免存在疏漏和不足之处，敬请读者批评指正。

With the continuous development of social economy and the advancement of urbanization process, people’s requirements for urban living standards and quality are constantly improved, urban functions are constantly enhanced, and municipal infrastructure is also increasingly improved. At present, the connotation of municipal infrastructure engineering (referred to as municipal engineering or municipal public engineering) has been extended to urban road and bridge water supply, drainage, sewage treatment, power supply, gas, central heating, communication, urban environmental health, fire control, flood control, disaster prevention and other fields. As the lifeline of the city, municipal engineering has played an important role in the healthy development of modern cities. Since the reform and opening up, China has established the basic national policy with economic construction as the center and increased the scale of capital construction investment. In this context, highway construction, especially high-grade highway and bridge construction, has been developing rapidly. In addition, with the development of urbanization, municipal roads and subway projects have also been booming. The rapid development of the transportation industry determines the demand gap of a large number of road and Bridge professionals. Improving the construction technology of road and Bridge in China has become an inevitable trend.
    The construction of urban facilities is the basis of forming and perfecting the function of a city and giving full play to the role of the city center. It is the basic condition for invigorating the local economy, improving the living environment of the city and improving the grade of the city. The characteristics of municipal facilities engineering determine that the construction funds mainly come from national investment and local fund-raising, but the investment of these funds is limited compared with the huge capital demand of urban construction. Therefore, to determine the cost of municipal engineering economically and reasonably, to improve the use efficiency of funds, to calculate the engineering quantity relatively accurately, to continuously improve the level of cost compilation, and to reflect the actual cost of the project scientifically, are the direction thatmunicipal builders must strive for and pursue.

前 言

随着社会经济的不断发展和城市化进程的日益推进，人们对城市生活水平和质量的要求不断提高，城市功能不断增强，市政基础设施也日趋完善。目前，市政基础设施工程（简称为市政工程或市政公用工程）的内涵已经拓展到了城市道路桥梁给水、排水、污水处理、供电、燃气、集中供热、通信、城市环境卫生、消防、防洪、防灾等多个领域。作为城市生命线工程的市政工程已经对现代城市的健康发展起着举足轻重的作用。改革开放以来，我国确立了以经济建设为中心的基本国策，加大了基本建设投资规模。在此背景下，公路建设事业，尤其是高等级公路和桥梁建设得到快速发展。此外，随着城镇化进程的日益推进，市政道路与地铁工程也得到了蓬勃发展。运输行业的高速发展决定了大量路桥专业技术人才的需求缺口，提
高我国路桥的施工技术成为发展的必然趋势。
      城市设施建设是形成和完善城市功能、发挥城市中心作用的基础，它是搞活本地区经济，改善城市居住生活环境，提高城市品位的基本条件。市政设施工程的本身特点决定了其建设资金主要来自国家的投入和地方的资金筹措，而这些资金的投入与城市建设庞大的资金需求相比是有限的， 因此， 经济合理地确定市政工程造价、提高资金的使用效益、相对准确地计算工程量、不断提高造价编制水平，科学地反映工程的实际费用支出，是市政建设者必须努力和追求的方向。