The theory of Archival Science in China began in the period of the Republic of China, and entered the normal stage after the founding of the People’s Republic of China. By the 1960s and 1970s, archival science had been independent, and constantly matured and developed. By the 1990s, the theory of archival work had been deeply developed, and gradually embarked on the road of prosperity and development. In the new era, the theory and practice of the construction of archives work system is the guiding ideology and action guide to do a good job of archives work. At the same time, it also promotes the healthy development of archives cause and can better serve the people’s livelihood.
         The utilization of archives is the ultimate goal of archival theory and practical research. At the same time, the utilization of archives promotes the development of archival theory and the modernization of archival work. The utilization of archives plays an important role in realizing the value of archives and archives work, strengthening and improving the basic work of archives, effectively developing archives information resources and improving the professional quality of archivists. With the development of the times, the work of archival science has developed in the continuous practice and created new theories. Therefore, in the specific archival work, the task of archivists is arduous, and we need to use archival theory to guide the practical work.

前 言

我国档案学理论开始于民国时期，而在建国后即步入到了正规，而到二十世纪六七十年代时档案学即已独立出来，并不断的成熟和发展，而到了九十年代开始档案工作理论得以深入发展起来，并日益的走上繁荣发展之路。在新时期，档案工作体系建设的理论与实践是做好档案工作的指导思想和行动指南，同时，也推动了档案事业的健康发展，能更好的为社会民生服务。
       档案利用是档案学理论与档案工作实践研究的最终目的，同时，档案利用又从实践中推动了档案学理论的发展和档案工作现代化的实施。档案利用，在实现档案及档案工作价值、加强和改进档案基础工作、有效开发档案信息资源和提高档案工作者业务素质等方面都发挥着重要作用。时代在发展，档案学工作也在不断的实践中发展起来创造了新的理论。因而，在具体的档案工作中，档案工作者的任务是繁重的，需要运用档案学理论对实践工作加以指导。

安全的饮用水和良好的环境卫生是人类健康生存的必需条件，随着我国发展的步伐逐渐加快，给水、供水和排水的问题显得越来越重要。建筑给水排水工程是给水排水工程的一个分支，也是建筑安装工程的一个分支，主要是研究建筑内部的给水以及排水问题，保证建筑的功能以及安全的一门学科。主要分为建筑给水系统、建筑排水系统（含雨水以及污水、废水）、消火栓给水系统、自动喷淋灭火系统、供暖系统、热水系统、中水系统等。供水、给水、排水工程是城市或工业企业从水源取水到最终处置的全部工程设施的组合体，一般由取水工程、净水工程、污水处理工程、污泥处理与处置工程等主要枢纽工程和给水排水管网工程组成，按照工程建设的历史阶段不同，可分为新建工程和改扩建工程。

With the development of human society, animal husbandry has been closely related to our production and life. However, in animal husbandry, the prevention and control of animal diseases and pests has brought considerable impact, which has become an urgent problem in the current animal husbandry and planting industry. This problem has severely restricted the development of animal husbandry.
     Animal husbandry is one of the social industries as important as agriculture, industry and handicraft industry. Animal husbandry has become one of the important means for people to get rich, and also one of the important sources of human social and economic growth. With the increasing demand of human life, animal husbandry has developed rapidly.
       To sum up, focusing on the current situation that animal husbandry and pest control are common in China, we should first understand the causes of animal husbandry and pest diseases. Only when we have an overall understanding of the causes, can we suit the remedy to the case. Because of the complexity and diversity of animal husbandry and pest control, we can’t rely on vaccines and drugs to enhance animal immunity. This method of “treating the symptoms but not the root cause” can’t fundamentally solve the problem. Only by combining with the actual situation of farms and constantly enhancing their professional ability and professional quality, can farmers do a good job in disease prevention and control in all aspects, so as to promote the development of disease prevention and control in China and ensure food health and safety.

前 言

随着人类社会的发展，畜牧业早已与我们的生产生活息息相关、密不可分。然而，在畜牧养殖中，动物疾病与病虫害防治给其带来不小的影响，成为了当今畜牧业与种植业一个急需解决的问题，同时也严重的制约了畜牧业的发展。
        畜牧业是和农业、工业及手工业等众多产业同样重要的社会产业之一，畜牧养殖已经成为人们致富的重要手段之一，也是人类社会经济增长的重要来源之一。随着人类生活需求的不断增加，畜牧养殖业得到了飞速的发展。
       综上所述，着眼于当下我国畜牧养殖和病虫害防害是普遍存在的现状，大家应首先畜牧养殖和病虫害疾病的成因，只 有对成因有一个整体认识，才能对症下药。由于畜牧养殖与病虫害防治存在复杂性和多样性，不能一味靠疫苗以及药物增加动物的免疫力，这种“治标不治本”的方法无法从根本上解决问题。养殖户只有结合养殖场的实际情况，不断增强自身的专业能力和业务素质，才能对疾病的各个环节做好防控，促进我国疾病疫情防控事业的发展，保障食品健康和安全。

随着社会结构和人们生活方式的改变，建筑规模不断扩大，人们的工作和生活环境越来越依赖于建筑物，也对建筑物的功能提出了越来越高的要求。现代化建筑已经不仅仅是一种艺术体现、文化表现，也是一个国家先进科技的表达。通过现代化建筑的智能化标准可以衡量一个国家现如今的高科技水平。据相关数据预测，21 世纪以后中国的智能化建筑将达到世界的一半以上。现如今，我国建筑电气经过电气化阶段、自动化阶段两个阶段后，已迈进智能化阶段。智能化建筑技术的发展非常迅速。

智能建筑是建筑产业与信息技术结合的产物。信息技术与建筑的完美融合丰富了建筑的内涵，为人们的生活、工作提供了极大的便利。智能建筑必将带来一个巨大的市场，将带动对方面产业的发展，各相关单位为了提前争夺这一市场相继投入巨资希望能是智能建筑在合理价位的同时提升系统性能，最终赢得用户的认可。

现代建筑电气技术是伴随现代建筑—智能化建筑的发展而发展的，现代建筑是科学技术和经济水平的综合体现，已成为一个国家、地区和城市现代化水平的重要标志之一。目前从事建筑电气专业的人才无论是数量上还是知识结构上都不能满足市场的需求，而建筑电气不仅是建筑物内必需和重要的组成部分之一，而目其作用和地位日益增强和提高，那么建筑电气设计、施工、调试、运行和检修等工作将需要大批建筑电气专业人才，我国这方面技术人才非常短缺，现已引起建筑设计人员及建设者的广泛关注和重视。

City gas can be classified into three categories: natural gas, manufactured gas and liquefied petroleum gas according to the source or production method of the gas. Among them, natural gas is naturally generated; manufactured gas is converted from other energy sources or a by-product of the production process; and liquefied petroleum gas mainly comes from by-product gas in petroleum processing process.
         In recent years, China’s urban natural gas energy development and utilization have made great achievements, however due to late beginning and lower popularization rate, we are still confronted with a big gap compared with developed countries in terms of safe gas supply, safe operation, and effective management. In particular, the gas supply technology and service levels of our country cannot meet the growing needs of residents, so we need to work hard to catch up. With the rapid growth of China’s explored onshore and offshore gas reserves and the continuous discoveries of world-class large gas fields, as well as the accelerated construction and preparation of West-East natural gas transmission project, air-sea landing, and Russia gas southbound project, a natural gas framework blueprint that stretching east to west across the mainland, connecting the coastland, and running through the north and south has been presented. This will inevitably provide a reliable security and rare opportunities for the development of urban gas in China. The use of green energy is bound to become a major trend in the development of the future world. Especially in such a context that green and environmentally friendly environment is gradually recognized by more and more people, vigorously developing city gas has extraordinary economic and social significance.

前 言

城市燃气根据燃气的来源或生产方式可以归纳为天然气、人工燃气和液化石油气三大类。其中，天然气是自然生成的，人工燃气或是由其他能源转化而成或是生产工艺的副产品，液化石油气主要来自石油加工过程中的副产气。
       近年来，尽管我国城市天然气能源发展和利用取得了很大的成绩，但是由于我们起步晚、普及率低，在安全供气、安全运行、有效管理等方面与发达国家相比还有很大差距，特别是供气技术水平和服务水平还满足不了居民不断增长的需求，需要我们在努力追赶，随着我国陆上和海上天然气探明储量的快速增长和世界级大气田的不断发现，以及西气东输、海气登陆、俄气南下等项目正在加速建设和筹备，一幅横跨大陆东西、连接沿海、纵贯南北的天然气框架蓝图已经呈现出来，这必然为我国城市燃气的发展提供可靠的保障和难得的机遇。绿色能源的使用必将成为未来世界发展的一大趋势，尤其在这个绿色、环保逐渐被更多人所认可的环境下，大力发展城市燃气有着非同寻常的经济与社会意义。