With the development of social economy, people’s material and cultural living standards continue to improve, people’s daily life, production and other activities and outdoor environment comfort requirements are also higher and higher. It has become a common goal and development trend to promote the harmonious coexistence of man and nature, establish a harmonious society of man and nature, and realize sustainable development, which also promotes the vigorous development of landscape engineering construction. Garden construction belongs to a branch of civil engineering construction. Modern garden plays a huge role in beautifying the city and improving people’s living environment with its rich garden plants and complete facilities, and provides people with healthy rest and entertainment places. Therefore, more and more people pay attention to the construction of garden project, and the demand for the construction of garden project is also increasing.
      In the process of writing, the book is based on the principle of generality and practicality, striving to make the concept clear, the text concise, the content substantial, combining with the reality, and highlighting skill training. This book starts with the basic concepts of garden and architecture, and introduces in detail the preparation before construction, earthwork, waterscape engineering, stone landscape engineering, planting engineering and maintenance management, water supply and drainage and power supply engineering, etc. Through the study of this book, readers should be able to grasp the corresponding construction technology concepts, understand the general construction steps and corresponding construction points of each project, relevant construction quality requirements and necessary safety measures, master the process operation methods of general sub projects, and lay the foundation for construction organization and management.

前 言

随着社会经济的日益发展，人们物质生活和文化生活水平的不断提高，人们对日常生活、生产等活动场所和室外环境的舒适度要求也越来越高。促进人与自然和谐共生，建立人与自然相融合的和谐社会，实现可持续发展已成为人们的共同目标和发展趋势，这一趋势也促进了园林工程建设事业的蓬勃发展。园林建设属于土建建设的一个分支，现代园林以其丰富的园林植物和完备地设施对美化城市、改善人们生活环境发挥着巨大的作用，为人们提供了健康的休息、娱乐场所，因此园林工程建设受到越来越多人的关注，园林工程建设的需求也在不断增加。
       本书在编写过程中，以通用、实用为原则，力求概念明确、文字简练、内容充实、结合实际，突出技能培训。本书从园林与建筑的基本概念入手，详细介绍施工前的准备、土方工程、水景工程、石景工程、种植工程与养护管理、给排水与供电工程等。通过对本书的学习，读者应能够掌握相应的施工技术概念，了解各工程的一般施工步骤和相应的施工要点，有关的施工质量要求和必要的安全措施，掌握一般分项项目中的工艺操作方法，为施工组织和管理工作打下基础。

With the progress of living standards and medical technology, as well as the extensive publicity of the idea of caring for women and children’s physical and mental health, it has broken the misunderstanding and ignorance of Chinese people in relevant aspects for a long time, overcome the conservative and shy psychological state of patients in the face of their own hidden pain, and the majority of women have an urgent need and desire for knowledge about their own and children’s health.
       At the beginning of this book, the development of obstetrics and pediatrics and the health status of women and children in China are discussed. Then, the etiology and clinical diagnosis and treatment methods of gynecological diseases, pregnancy and childbirth, pediatric basis, pediatric diseases and neonatal diseases are discussed respectively. Finally, the relevant theories of family planning policy adjustment and maternal and child health care are analyzed. Through the combination of scientific theory and clinical practice, this book aims to contribute as much as possible to the development of clinical obstetrics and gynecology and pediatrics in China, and bring hope and well-being of health to women and children, which is also the purpose of this book.
     As this book covers a lot of contents and involves a lot of knowledge, the format, depth and breadth of the contents of each chapter may not be the same, and fallacies are inevitable. Readers are welcome to criticize and correct them.

前 言

随着生活水平和医疗技术的进步以及关爱女性和儿童身心健康思想的广泛宣传，打破了长期以来国人在相关方面存在的误解与愚昧认知，克服了此前病患面对自身隐痛时保守而羞涩的心理状态，广大妇女对自身与儿童健康方面知识产生迫切的需求与渴望。
       本书开篇论述妇产科学与儿科学的发展以及我国妇女儿童健康状况，后分别论述了妇科疾病、妊娠与分娩、儿科基础、儿科疾病、新生儿疾病的病因与临床诊断治疗的方式方法， 最后分析我国现阶段计划生育政策调整与妇幼保健相关理论。 本书通过科学理论与临床实践相结合的方式，以期尽可能地为我国临床妇产科与儿科学的发展添砖加瓦，为广大妇女儿童带来健康的希望与福祉，这也是我们编写这本书的目的所在。
       由于本书包罗内容较多，涉及知识较烦琐，各章节内容的格式、深度和广度可能并不一致，且谬误无可避免，敬请广大读者批评指正。

China’s petroleum enterprises have experienced a very long period of development. Under the situation of internal management and overall development, they are in a period of extensive management. With the development and establishment of modern enterprise system, oil enterprises need to do a variety of reform work in the market competition. The reform work will promote the development of oil enterprises and make a more in-depth study on business strategy. In order to find a development model in line with China’s market environment and the international market environment, and use the market operation mode to better drive the progress of oil enterprises, as a very important part of enterprise management - operation and management, is the main part of the development of oil enterprises, which has a direct impact on the survival and development of oil enterprises, in particular, the oil system has fulfilled the responsibility of ensuring national resource security, accelerated the transformation of development mode, and created a high-level, high-quality and efficient way. In the new situation of international energy companies, it is urgent to strengthen the management of oil enterprises. The analysis of business activities is an important part of business management activities, which is helpful for enterprises to further understand the business situation in the whole business management activities, find out the highlights and weaknesses in the business management activities, and improve the management level and the ability to create efficiency.
        In order to better play the role of business activity analysis, this paper starts with the basic concept of business activity analysis, focuses on the overall grasp of the business activity analysis of oil sales enterprises, explores the problems and countermeasures in the process of business management of oil enterprises, and makes the analysis extend to each link of business management, better play the business activity analysis to support decision-making and better play the important role of business activity analysis in supporting decision-making and promoting management improvement.

前 言

我国石油企业发展经历了非常漫长的时期，在企业内部管理和总体发展情况下，处在粗放型的管理时期。随着现代企业制度的发展和建立，石油企业在市场竞争情况中，需要做好多种改革工作，将改革工作促使石油企业发展，在经营战略上更加深入的研究。为了找到符合我国市场环境和国际市场环境的发展模式，使用市场经营方式更好地带动石油企业进步，作为企业管理当中非常重要的构成部分——经营管理，是石油企业发展的主要部分，直接对油田企业的生存发展有影响，尤其是石油系统在目前非常好地履行了保证国家资源安全责任，将发展方式加快转变，打造高水平、高质量、高效益的方式。在国际能源公司的新形势发展情况下，加强石油企业经营管理工作刻不容缓。开展经营活动分析是企业经营管理活动的重要组成部分，有助于企业在整个经营管理活动中进一步认识经营状况，查找经营管理活动中的亮点和短板，提升管理水平和创效能力。
       为更好地发挥经营活动分析的作用，本文从经营活动分析的基本概念入手，着重探讨石油销售企业经营活动分析的总体把握，探究石油企业经营管理过程中出现的问题以及对策，并使得分析向经营管理各环节延伸，更好地发挥经营活动分析支持决策和促进管理提升的重要作用。

The development of human economy and culture is inseparable from the construction of ecological civilization, especially the construction of ecological forestry, which is mainly based on forest or forestry. With the rapid progress of human civilization and the rapid development of industry and economy, it not only promotes the progress of human history, but also has a very serious impact on the natural environment. The most prominent performance is the current worldwide ecological crisis, as well as the resulting survival crisis and other fundamental problems. Through the construction of ecological forestry, we can fundamentally improve and solve this problem. Therefore, countries all over the world pay more and more attention to the construction of ecological forestry and promote the sustainable development of the earth. China also regards the construction of ecological forestry as an important part of national construction. At the same time, China has issued various policies to promote the sustainable development of ecological civilization, and continuously increased investment, especially in the development of ecological forestry.
     This book mainly analyzes the construction and management of forestry ecological engineering from six chapters, hoping to contribute to the promotion and development of forestry in China.

前 言

人类的各项经济、文化等发展均离不开生态文明建设，尤其是以森林或林业为主的生态林业建设。而随着人类文明的飞速进步、工业及经济的迅猛发展，在推动人类历史前进的同时，也给自然环境带来了极严重影响，最突出的表现在于当前世界范围内面临的生态危机，以及由此带来的生存危机等根本性的问题。而通过生态林业建设可以从根本上改善并解决这个问题。为此，世界各国越来越重视各国的生态林业建设，促进地球的可持续发展。我国也将生态林业建设作为国家建设的一项重要内容， 同时出台各种促进生态文明可持续发展的政策， 并不断地加大投入力度，尤其是关于生态林业发展方面。
        本书主要从六章内容对林业生态工程建设与管理进行详细的分析，希望能够有助于我国林业事业的推动与发展。

With the rapid development of China’s market economy and the promotion of China’s accession to the WTO, the construction industry is transforming from labor-intensive to technology intensive, with a large number of advanced technologies and process equipment to be adopted, many posts are becoming more and more professional, and posts with high technology content are emerging. Construction enterprises need a large number of labor-oriented talents who not only receive theoretical education in the front line of production and management, but also master skilled technology and understand management work.
     Therefore, this book will give a comprehensive overview and description of construction project management and basic construction technology, hoping to help architects and staff to reserve and learn working knowledge.

前 言

随着中国市场经济的迅速发展和加入 WTO 的带动，建筑业正从劳动密集型向技术密集型转化， 先进技术和工艺设备将大量采用， 许多岗位的专业程度越来越高，技术含量高的岗位又不断涌现，建筑企业需要大量在生产及管理第一线既受理论教育，又掌握熟练技术及了解管理工作的劳动型人才。
         因此，本书将建筑工程项目管理和基本的施工技术进行全面的概述和说明，希望能够有助于建筑师和工作人员的工作知识储备和学习。