Water conservancy project can scientifically develop and utilize water resources. It can not only promote the progress of society, but also realize the comprehensive management of ecosystem, so as to realize the harmony and win-win between man and nature. However, in the actual construction process of water conservancy project, the whole is often easily affected by many factors. Therefore, scientific management of water conservancy project is necessary to ensure the normal progress of the project. In today’s era, all kinds of natural resources have great development potential, which is an important force to promote social development and progress. Water conservancy construction is an important part of natural environment development and utilization. Good water resources development can better facilitate people’s life, and can also play a certain role in regulating the ecological environment. However, there are many problems in the process of water conservancy project management. In order to better guarantee the quality of water conservancy project, we must optimize and coordinate the management of water conservancy project in combination with the actual needs of the project.
         Water conservancy project construction is generally a large-scale project, which requires more capital investment. There are more engineering and technical personnel involved in the construction. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the construction management in the construction process. Therefore, in order to ensure the smooth progress of the water conservancy construction project, it is necessary to carry out scientific and standardized management of the construction process. Therefore, the author hopes to improve the level of water conservancy project management and provide help for practitioners.

前 言

水利项目可以对水利资源进行科学的开发和利用，它不但可以促进社会的进步，还能实现对生态系统的综合治理，从而实现人与自然的和谐共赢。然而，在水利项目的实际施工过程中，整体往往容易受到多方面因素的影响，因此，必须对水利项目进行科学的管理，从而保障项目的正常进行。当今时代，各类自然资源拥有巨大的开发潜力，是推进社会发展进步的重要力量，水利建设是自然环境开发利用的重要组成部分，良好的水力资源开发可以更好地便利人们的生活，同时还能对生态环境起到一定的调节作用，但是，目前的水利工程项目管理过程中往往存在诸多问题，为了更好地保障水利工程项目的工程质量，必须结合工程的实际需求，对水利项目的管理工作进行优化和协调。
        水利工程建设一般属于大型工程，需要较多的资金投入，参与施工的工程技术人员比较多，工程施工中的技术难度较大，在施工过程中必须着重注意施工管理工作，因此，想要确保水利建设工程项目的顺利进行，就要对施工过程进行科学规范的管理。因此，作者希望通过此书提高水利工程项目管理水平，为从业者提供帮助。

With the continuous deepening of our country’s reform and opening up and the rapid development of economic construction, the construction industry has become a major economic industry field, which has sprung up and is in the ascendant. However, with the development of the construction industry and the diversification of building functions, the occurrence of building fires is on the rise, and vicious cases also occur from time to time, which has brought great harm to the life and property safety of the country and the people. Through analysis, it is found that most of the reasons for the increase in losses caused by building fires are that the building design does not meet the requirements of fire protection technical specifications, and the fire protection facilities, smoke prevention facilities, and automatic fire detection and alarm devices are not perfect, so that the fire protection equipment does not play its due role. The severity and huge hazards of building fires remind and warn professional designers that they must pay attention to the safety design work of building fire prevention and fire protection in order to minimize the loss of fire. And fire protection design is an important part of building fire protection. Designers and construction personnel must fully understand and master the basic theories and methods of building fire prevention and fire protection, in order to make full use of fire protection theory, technology and specifications in their work, and do a good job in fire protection design, construction and management. 

Building water supply and drainage engineering is a branch of water supply and drainage engineering, as well as a branch of construction and installation engineering. It is mainly a subject that studies the water supply and drainage problems inside the building and guarantees the function and safety of the building. Building water supply and drainage projects are mainly divided into building water supply system, building water drainage system (including rainwater, sewage and wastewater), fire hydrant water supply system, automatic sprinkler system, heating system, hot water system, reclaimed water system, etc.
       In the past ten years, with the advancement of science and technology, under the continuous innovation and practice of building water supply and drainage engineering technicians, building water supply and drainage engineering has achieved some major scientific and technological achievements in theory and engineering practice, and has made significant technological progress. This article mainly starts from two aspects. One is building water supply and drainage and the other is fire protection engineering. It explores how to plan and arrange building facilities more reasonably during the construction process, so as to reduce the incidence of building fires and reduce the losses caused by disasters.

前 言

随着我国改革开放的不断深入和经济建设的迅速发展，建筑行业已成为主要的经济产业领域，如雨后春笋，方兴未艾。但随着建筑业的发展和建筑功能形式的多样化，建筑火灾也呈上升趋势，恶性案件时有发生，给国家和人民的生命财产带来了很大的危害。分析建筑火灾造成损失增大的原因，多数在于建筑设计不符合防火技术规范要求，消防设施、防排烟设施、火灾自动探测报警装置不完善，防火功能设备没有发挥应有的作用所造成。建筑火灾的严重程度和造成的巨大危害，提醒和告诫专业设计入员务必要重视建筑防火与消防的安全设计工作，以便把火灾的损失减小到最低程度。而建筑防火与消防设计又是建筑防火的重要组成部分，设计和施工人员必须充分了解和掌握建筑防火与消防的基本理论和方法，才能在工作中充分利用消防理论、技术和规范，搞好消防设计、施工和管理工作。
        建筑给水排水工程是给水排水工程的一个分支，也是建筑安装工程的一个分支。主要是研究建筑内部的给水以及排水问题，保证建筑的功能以及安全的一门学科。主要分为建筑给水系统，建筑排水系统（含雨水以及污水，废水），消火栓给水系统，自动喷淋灭火系统，供暖系统，热水系统，中水系统等。
       近十年来，随着科技的进步和建筑给排水工程技术人员的不断创新与实践，建筑给水排水工程在理论与工程实践上取得了一些重大科技成果，有了明显的技术进步。本文主要是从建筑给排水和消防工程两个方面入手，探究在建筑过程中更加合理规划和布局建筑设施，从而减少建筑火灾的发生率，减少灾害所造成的损失。

Since the 1980s, there has been an upsurge in constructing intelligent buildings in China and the world. Intelligent buildings are a comprehensive reflection of modern high-tech achievements, and a comprehensive reflection of a country and region’s science, technology, and economic level. Intelligent buildings are a general trend in the development of modern large cities, and it is also the most powerful technical means for all countries in the world to realize the rapid development of social economy and scientific management. Entering the 21st century, with the rapid development of our country’s economy and society and the acceleration of urbanization, modernization, and internationalization, the living standards of urban and rural residents have improved day by day, living conditions have improved day by day, and the pillar status of the building industry in the national economy has been further strengthened. The smart and green building industry has become one of the most active and vital emerging industries in China’s economic development.
       In order to promote the sustainable development of the economy and society, establish a resource-saving and environment-friendly society, and achieve the national energy conservation and emission reduction goals, building energy conservation will play an increasingly important role. In the task of “promoting green buildings and promoting energy saving and emission reduction”, professional and technical staff in the field of building electrical and intelligent technology play a very important role. The quantity and quality of talents are directly related to the realization of the goal of building energy conservation and emission reduction, and the development of intelligent and green building industry. It is very important and urgent to vigorously develop the undergraduate education of “building electrical and intelligent”.

前 言

自 20 世纪 80 年代起，中国乃至世界掀起兴建智能建筑的热潮。这是因为智能化建筑是现代高科技硕果的综合反映，是一个国家、地区科学技术和经济水平的综合体现，是现代化大城市建筑发展的大趋势，也是当今世界各国为实现社会经济快速发展和管理科学化最有力的技术手段。 进入 21 世纪， 随着我国经济社会的快速发展和城镇化、现代化、国际化进程的加快，城乡居民生活水平日趋提高，居住条件日益改善，建筑业在国民经济中的支柱地位得到进一步加强，其中智能与绿色建筑产业已成为中国经济发展中最活跃、最具有生命力的新兴产业之一。
       为了促进经济社会的可持续发展，建立资源节约型、环境友好型社会，实现国家确定的节能减排目标，建筑节能将发挥越来越重要的作用。在“推广绿色建筑，促进节能减排”的任务中，建筑电气和智能化领域的专业技术人员发挥着十分重要的作用，人才的数量和素质直接关系到我国建筑节能减排目标的实现，直接影响到智能与绿色建筑产业的发展，大力发展“建筑电气与智能化”专业本科教育是十分重要和迫切的。

Modern chemical industry began in France in the 18th century, and then spread to England. In the 19th century, the organic chemical industry based on coal developed rapidly in Germany. However, the scale of the chemical industry at that time was not large, mainly focusing on the development of various chemicals, and the chemical process development at that time was mainly led by industrial chemists and participated by mechanical engineers. By the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, the exploitation of oil and the construction of large-scale refineries had laid the foundation for the development of petrochemical industry and the emergence of chemical engineering technology, resulting in the modern chemical industry marked by “unit operation”.
        As the foundation and pillar industry of national economy, chemical industry plays an extremely important role in national economy. In today’s world, chemical products are involved in all aspects of national economy, national defense construction, resource development and human clothing, food, housing and transportation, and play a very important role in solving the major problems of sustainable development of population, resources, energy and environment faced by human society. Chemical industry is the assistant of industrial revolution, the pillar of agricultural development, the sharp weapon of national defense construction, the tool of conquering disease and the means of improving life. The process of chemical production is complex, and the operation requirements are very strict. Generally, it is carried out under high temperature and high pressure, and most materials are flammable, explosive, toxic, harmful and corrosive, which greatly increases the possibility of accidents and the severity of accident consequences. Compared with other industries, the chemical industry itself is faced with such important problems as safety and environmental pollution. As the future chemical and related industry practitioners and personnel directly related to the chemical industry production, it is particularly important to understand the basic problems of chemical safety, master the basic knowledge of chemical safety, and establish the awareness of chemical safety production.

前 言

现代化学工业始于 18 世纪的法国，随后传入英国。 19 世纪以煤为基础原料的有机化学工业在德国迅速发展起来。但那时的化学工业规模不大，主要着眼于各种化学品的开发，而且当时的化工过程开发主要是由工业化学家率领、机械工程师参加进行的。到 19 世纪末 20 世纪初，石油的开采和大规模炼油厂的兴建为石油化学工业的发展和化学工程技术的产生奠定了基础，由此产生了以“单元操作”为标志的现代化学工业。
        化学工业作为国民经济的基础和支柱产业，在国民经济中占有极其重要的地位。当今世界，化工产品涉及国民经济、国防建设、资源开发和人类衣食住行的各个方面，对解决人类社会所面临的人口、资源、能源和环境的可持续发展等重大问题，起到了十分重要的作用。化工是工业革命的助手、农业发展的支柱、国防建设的利器、战胜疾病的工具、改善生活的手段。化工生产过程工艺复杂，操作要求十分严格，一般都是在高温、高压下进行，并且大多数物料具有易燃、易爆、有毒、有害和腐蚀性强等特点， 这极大地增加了事故发生的可能性和事故后果的严重程度。与其他工业相比，化学工业本身面临着不可忽视的安全与环境污染等重要问题。作为未来化工及相关行业的从业者和与化学工业生产直接相关的人员，了解化工安全基本问题，掌握化工安全基础知识，树立化工安全生产意识，显得尤为重要。

In recent years, with the development of China’s social economy, in order to better promote the development of transportation industry, the construction projects of highway bridges are gradually increasing. In the process of highway bridge construction, strengthening the quality control of construction technology has a very key role, but at present, due to the lack of corresponding management of construction technology, the construction problems in the process of highway bridge construction are gradually increasing. In the future highway bridge construction process, we need to strengthen the control of construction technology, need to further strengthen the quality control of highway bridge construction technology, to ensure the smooth operation of highway bridge.
       As an important support of China’s transportation industry, highway bridge plays a very important role in the current transportation industry. In recent years, with the development of social economy, China’s highway bridge construction projects are gradually increasing, but the quality control of highway bridge construction technology is not very optimistic. There are still some technical problems in the construction of highway bridges, which seriously affect the quality of highway bridges, cause a very adverse impact on the operation of highway bridges in the future, and even cause serious traffic accidents. To strengthen the traffic quality of highway and bridge, firstly, it is necessary to start from the construction process, scientific and reasonable construction scheme and advanced construction technology can promote the practicability of highway and bridge; secondly, it is necessary to strengthen project management, advanced and scientific management method can not only improve the quality of highway and bridge engineering, but also reduce costs and maximize benefits.

前 言

近年来随着我国社会经济的发展，为了更好地促进交通运输业的发展，公路桥梁的施工项目逐渐增加。在公路桥梁施工过程中加强对施工技术的质量控制有着十分关键的作用，但是当前由于施工技术缺少相应的管理，导致公路桥梁施工过程中的施工问题逐渐增加。在今后的公路桥梁施工过程中需要加强对施工技术的控制，需要进一步加强对公路桥梁施工技术的质量控制，保障公路桥梁的顺利运行。
        公路桥梁作为我国交通运输行业重要支撑，在当前我国的交通运输业中发挥着十分重要的作用。 近年来随着社会经济的发展， 我国的公路桥梁施工项目逐渐增加，但是公路桥梁施工中施工技术的质量控制工作现状并不十分乐观，公路桥梁施工中仍然存在一定的施工技术问题，严重影响公路桥梁的质量，对今后的公路桥梁的运行造成十分不利的影响，甚至会造成严重的交通事故。加强公路桥梁通行质量，一是需要从施工过程入手，科学合理的施工方案和先进的施工技术都可推动公路桥梁实用性提升；其次，还应加强项目管理，先进且科学的管理方式不但可提升路桥工程质量，亦可降低成本，实现收益最大化。