The construction quality of water conservancy projects is directly related to the safety of people’s lives and property, and to the overall situation of national economy and social development. The implementation of project quality supervision and strict control of project quality is an important means for the government to safeguard social public interests and public safety. The purpose of water conservancy project supervision is to guarantee the quality of water conservancy construction project and ensure the project benefit. In recent years, with the large-scale development of water conservancy projects, water conservancy project quality problems occur frequently, especially small and medium-sized water conservancy projects. Therefore, water conservancy project quality supervision is particularly important; water conservancy project quality supervision can provide guarantee for water conservancy project quality, which is long-term and arduous. In order to promote the reform and development of grass-roots water conservancy project quality supervision, we must face up to the problems encountered in the water conservancy project quality supervision and testing exhibition, and take timely measures to solve them. Only in this way can we improve the effect of water conservancy project quality supervision, promote its reform and development, and step into the legal and standardized management track as soon as possible.

前 言

水利工程的建设质量直接关系到人民群众的生命财产安全，关系到国民经济和社会发展的大局。实施工程质量监督、严格控制工程质量是政府维护社会公共利益和公众安全的重要手段。保障水利建设工程质量，确保工程效益的发挥是水利工程监督的目的。近年来，伴随着水利工程的大规模发展，水利工程质量问题频发，尤其是中小型水利工程。因此，水利工程质量监督显得尤为重要；水利工程质量监督工作能够为水利工程质量提供保障，长期且艰巨。为了促进基层水利工程质量监督的改革与发展，必须正视水利工程质量监督与检测展中所遇到的问题，及时采取措施加以解决。只有这样，才能提高水利工程质量监督的效果，推动其改革与发展，尽早迈入法制化和规范化管理轨道。

Water conservancy projects play an important role in the allocation and regulation of water resources and the prevention of flood disasters. However, there are some problems in the construction and operation management of water conservancy projects in China, which hinder the development of water conservancy project benefits to a certain extent. In recent years, the state has paid more and more attention to water conservancy projects, with more and more investment and more new water conservancy projects. However, the construction management and operation management of water conservancy projects show
a serious imbalance of “separation of management and construction, reconstruction and pigging”. This requires the organic combination of water conservancy project construction management and operation management to achieve the combination of construction and management, so as to maximize the benefits of water conservancy project and realize the modern management of water conservancy project.
        Water conservancy project construction management is a more complex process, water conservancy project construction is more and more important, water conservancy project construction project management also needs to be constantly improved, developed and innovated. In the water conservancy construction project, the owner is the general organizer of the production process of the construction project, so the project management of the owner is the core of the management. When the owner manages the project, he must grasp it from the source, determine a set of scientific management concepts from the decision-making stage of the project, carefully select the management personnel at each stage and carry out a clear division of labor, so as to ensure the real implementation of various measures. This requires engineering and technical personnel to constantly learn to enrich themselves, in order to improve their quality and professional skills. So that the project in each stage of implementation has a relatively professional team to control the quality, progress and investment of the project, but also need to weigh the interests of all parties to maximize the interests.

前 言

水利工程在调配和调节水资源、防止洪涝灾害发生方面起着重要作用，但是我国水利工程建设和运行管理方面存在着一些问题，一定程度上阻碍着水利工程效益的发挥。近年来，国家对水利工程越来越重视，投资力度越来越大，新建水利工程项目越来越多，但是水利工程建设管理和运行管理却呈现出“管建分离，重建清管”的严重失调现象。这就需要将水利工程建设管理与运行管理进行有机结合，分实现建管结合，促使水利工程效益得到最大的发挥，进而实现水利工程的现代化管理。
       水利工程项目施工管理是一个比较复杂的过程，水利工程建设也越显重要，水利工程建设项目管理也需不断完善、发展和创新。在水利工程建设项目中，业主方是建设工程项目生产过程的总组织者因此业主方的项目管理是管理的核心，业主方在对项目进行管理时就必须从源头抓好，从项目的决策阶段就要确定好一套科学的管理理念，认真地挑选各个阶段的管理人员并进行明确的分工，保证各项措施得到真正落实。这就需要工程技术人员不断学习充实自己，以提高自己的素质和专业技能。从而使得项目在实行的各个阶段都有一个相对专业的队伍来对项目进行质量、进度和投资的管控，同时也需权衡各方的利益使得利益最大化。

In the market economy system, effective marketing strategy is an important means for enterprises to survive and develop rapidly, and it is also the key for enterprises to form core competitiveness in the market economy. This book analyzes the problems existing in China’s current power marketing, such as low service quality, lack of marketing management concept, unreasonable formation mechanism of electricity price, power supply service lagging behind users’ demand for electricity, etc. We need to change the marketing concept, strengthen the innovation of marketing concept and system, improve service quality, establish enterprise brand, strengthen publicity, vigorously develop the power market, implement the differentiated brand of power products, strengthen the marketing information management strategy of power enterprises, and formulate perfect marketing strategy for innovation.
         As a social power resource provider, power supply companies must adapt to the market economy and carry out marketing strategy innovation. Only in this way can power companies survive in the competition. At present, how to better carry out power marketing is an important issue that every power company must be concerned about. The author makes a deeper exploration on its strategy innovation.
      Power marketing plays an indispensable role in power enterprises. In order to make the power marketing complete and good operation, it is necessary to plan the power marketing systematically and constantly innovate and improve, so as to keep up with the pace of social development. As long as we have a clear understanding of the situation, change the concept of innovation, and fully mobilize the enthusiasm and creativity of the masses of workers, we can drive the growth of electricity consumption and achieve good economic and social benefits.

前 言

在市场经济体制下，有效的营销策略是企业生存以及迅速发展壮大的重要手段，也是企业在市场经济中形成核心竞争力的关键所在。对我国当前的电力营销的存在着服务质量不高、缺乏市场营销管理观念电价的形成机制不够合理，供电服务滞后于用户用电需求等问题进行分析。提出转变营销理念，加强营销观念和体制的创新，提升服务质量，树立企业品牌，加强宣传，大力开拓电力市场，实施电能产品的差异化品牌，加强电力企业的营销信息管理的策略，制定完善的营销策略加以创新。
        作为社会电力资源提供者， 供电公司也必须适应市场经济， 进行营销策略创新，只有这样，才能够使得电力公司在竞争中得以生存。目前如何更好的进行电力营销已经是每个电力公司必须关心的重要课题， 笔者对其策略创新进行更深层次的探索。
        电力营销在电力企业中有着不可或缺的地位。想要使电力营销完整良好的运行，就要对电力营销进行系统的筹划，不断地创新改进，这样才能跟得上社会发展的步伐。只要认清形势，转变革新的观念，充分调动职工群众的积极性和创造力，就能带动电力消费量的增长，取得良好的经济和社会效益。

With the national attention to agricultural economy, how to improve the quality of agricultural economic development has become one of the important contents of national economic development. From the actual development of China’s national economy, the agricultural economy occupies an important proportion and the development of agricultural economy is related to the overall development quality of the national economy. From the current development of agricultural economy, in order to improve the quality of agricultural economic development, it is necessary to make full use of rural resources. In addition to seriously analyzing the actual development situation of rural areas, it is also necessary to conduct in-depth research on the overall development status of agricultural economy. Through the analysis of the current situation of China’s agricultural economic development, we can see that circular economy has become a new mode of agricultural economic development, which has a huge role in promoting the agricultural economy and improving the overall development quality of agricultural economy. Therefore, we should pay enough attention to the circular development mode of agricultural economy, and actively seek innovation based on the existing development mode, so as to ensure the comprehensive development of agricultural economy and improve the development effect of agricultural economy.
      In the process of agricultural economic development, in order to improve the quality of agricultural economic development, we must seriously sum up the experience of agricultural economic development, actively innovate the development mode of agricultural economy, adopt the development mode of agricultural circular economy, improve the overall development quality of agricultural economy, form the effective use of agricultural resources, and ensure that the development quality and level of agricultural economy are effectively improved.

前 言

随着国家对农业经济的重视，如何提高农业经济发展质量，成为了国民经济发展的重要内容之一。从我国国民经济的发展实际来看，农业经济占有重要比重，农业经济发展与否关系到国民经济的整体发展质量。从目前农业经济的发展来看，要想提高农业经济的发展质量，就要对农村资源进行全面利用，除了要认真分析农村的实际发展形势以外，还要对农业经济的整体发展现状进行深入研究。通过对我国目前农业经济的发展现状分析后可知，循环经济成为了农业经济发展的新模式，对农业经济产生了巨大的推动作用，提升了农业经济的整体发展质量。为此，我们应对农业经济的循环发展模式引起足够的重视，并立足现有发展模式积极寻求创新，保证农业经济获取全面发展，提升农业经济的发展效果。
         在农业经济发展过程中，要想提高农业经济发展质量，就要认真总结农业经济发展经验，对农业经济发展模式进行积极创新，采用农业循环经济发展模式，提升农业经济的整体发展质量，形成对农业资源的有效利用，保证农业经济的发展质量和发展水平得到有效提升。

  Water is an indispensable and important material for human beings and all living things. It is also an irreplaceable and precious natural resource for industrial and agricultural production, economic development and environmental improvement. However, the shortage of water resources, flood disasters and water environment pollution are becoming increasingly serious, which forces human beings to pay attention to the protection and utilization of water resources and water environment. Water environment is one of the basic elements of the environment, is an important place for the survival and development of human society, and is also the most seriously disturbed and damaged area by human beings. At present, based on the evaluation of regional water resources, scientific researchers begin to study the rational planning, scientific management and effective protection of water resources from the perspective of optimizing the benefits of water resources system, so as to coordinate the water demand of water resources with the water resources carrying capacity of regional environment, and realize the sustainable utilization and coordinated development of water resources.
    This book mainly describes the related knowledge of hydrology and water resources, and introduces the development, management and protection of water environment. The development of national economy and the improvement of human living standards are restricted by the state of water resources. The reasonable development and utilization, effective protection and management of water resources is an important guarantee to maintain the sustainable utilization and virtuous cycle of water resources, and also the key to maintain social progress and sustainable development of national economy. In the past decade, the situation of water resources in the world has been deteriorating, the shortage of water resources is serious, and the contradiction between supply and demand has become increasingly prominent. The direct causes are the blind and disorderly development and utilization of water resources, the unreasonable layout of development and utilization projects, especially the uncontrolled expansion of exploitation and utilization, poor management, and ineffective protection measures. Effective and rational use of water resources, protection and management of water resources has become an important research topic in the field of world water resources research.

前 言

水是人类及一切生物赖以生存的不可缺少的重要物质，也是工农业生产、经济发展和环境改善不可替代的极为宝贵的自然资源。但目前水资源短缺、洪涝灾害、水环境污染等问题日益严重，这迫使人类必须重视水资源与水环境的保护与利用。水环境是构成环境的基本要素之一，是人类社会赖以生存和发展的重要场所，也是受人类干扰和破坏最严重的领域。当前科研人员在评价区域水资源的基础上，从水资源系统发挥的效益最佳化角度出发，开始研究水资源的合理规划、科学管理和有效保护，使水资源的用水需求尽量与区域环境的水资源承载能力相协调，实现水资源的可持续利用与协调发展。
        本文主要讲述了水文水资源的相关知识，介绍了水环境的开发、管理与保护的内容。国民经济的发展和人类生活水平的提高受水资源状态的制约。水资源的合理开发利用、有效保护与管理是维持水资源可持续利用、良性循环的重要保证，也是维持社会进步、国民经济可持续发展的关键所在。近十几年来，世界范围内水资源状况不断恶化，水资源短缺严重，供需矛盾日益突出，产生的直接原因是盲目和无序地开发利用水资源， 开发利用工程布置不合理， 尤其是无节制地扩大开采利用量、管理不善、保护措施不力。有效合理地利用水资源、保护和管理水资源成为世界水资源研究领域的重要研究课题。