At present, the main construction method used in China’s construction industry is on-site construction. This traditional construction method relies on rich and cheap labor force, with high labor intensity and disordered site management. It is an extensive construction method, which will consume a lot of energy and cause serious environmental pollution. Prefabricated building is a new type of building in this year, which is characterized by prefabricated components assembled on site. Because of the fast construction speed, labor saving and quality assurance of prefabricated buildings, more and more attention has been paid by the industry, and has made great progress. With the implementation of China’s sustainable development strategy, the advantages of traditional buildings no longer exist. Because of the advantages of prefabricated building, it has a broad development space. At the same time, the assembly building can effectively use BIM, PCA technology, ISM theory, and achieve the effect of rapid transformation of several kinds of cutting-edge technology into output value. At the same time, because of
its advantages and advancements, prefabricated buildings have been greatly supported by the state and regions, and have become the most potential architectural form. It is the only way for sustainable development, transformation and upgrading of China’s construction industry to develop prefabricated buildings.
    The book “Construction Technology of Prefabricated Building Engineering” first introduces the assembly building at home and abroad, and then puts forward some problems about the assembly building construction, including the analysis of construction technology and construction key and difficult problems, as well as solutions and innovation, and some discussions on the technical work of assembly building in China, such as the problems and dilemmas in construction technology , as well as new planning and problems raised in project management, etc. The book has a wide range of topics. If there are omissions or mistakes, we hope readers and friends to give feedback for us to exchange thought and learning together.

前 言

目前，我国建筑行业主要采用的施工方式是现场施工。这种传统的施工方式依赖于丰富而廉价的劳动力，劳动强度大，现场管理混乱，是一种粗放型的施工方式，会消耗大量的能源，还会对环境造成严重的污染。装配式建筑则是今年来新兴的一类建筑，其特点是建筑由预制构件在现场装配而成。由于装配式建筑的建造速度快节约劳动力，质量有保证，因此，装配式建筑越来越得到业界的重视，并有了长足的发展。随着我国可持续发展战略的实施，传统建筑的优势已经不复存在。而装配式建筑的优点， 使其具有广阔的发展空间。 同时装配式建筑可以有效使用 BIM、 PCA技术、 ISM 理论，实现前沿技术快速几类转化为产值的效果。同时，装配式建筑由于其优越性和先进之处，得到国家和各地区的大力扶持，已经成为最具有发展潜力的一种建筑形式。大力发展装配式建筑是我国建筑产业可持续发展及转型升级发展的必由之路。
 《装配式建筑施工技术》这本书首先对国内外的装配式建筑做了简要介绍，再提出了关于装配式建筑建设的一些问题，包括施工技术和施工重难点问题分析，以及解决措施和创新，还有针对我国装配式建筑的技术工作方面的一些探讨，譬如提到了施工技术中遇到的问题和困境，以及在工程管理中提出的新的规划和问题等等，话题比较广，如果有出现疏漏或者错误的地方望广大读者朋友进行反馈，以供我们共同交流学习。

With the requirements of the industrialization of the construction industry, many developed countries in the world have put the building components in the factory production in advance, it just needs assembly and installation in the field. Obviously, this fast and efficient assembly construction technology has become an important symbol of the modernization of the construction industry. In China, the disadvantages of cast-in-place structure system are gradually revealed for the booming construction market. In the face of these construction problems, our country draws lessons from the successful experience of foreign construction industrialization, set off a boom of assembly construction industrialization in the construction industry, and make its development enter a new field, which will promote the great change of production mode in the construction industry.
    Assembly building has its own fast construction speed, strong anti-interference, and can save more social labor. But at present, the management system of assembly building is not perfect, the construction technology is not comprehensive, and the advantages of assembly building can not be effectively played in the actual construction process. Therefore, it is necessary to plan reasonably, strengthen the supervision and quality assurance of the construction process, and use scientific methods to establish a perfect management system, remove its shortcomings, give full play to its advantages, and speed up the development of prefabricated buildings.
     This book will discuss the sustainable development of prefabricated buildings, the impact of prefabricated buildings on the transformation of the construction industry, the construction of prefabricated buildings, the technology of prefabricated concrete, the green construction of prefabricated concrete structures, the application of BIM Technology in prefabricated buildings, and the project management of prefabricated buildings.

前 言

随着建筑行业工业化的要求，世界上许多发达国家都把建筑的构件提前在工厂生产，只是在现场装配化组合安装。显然，这种快捷高效的装配式施工技术已经成为建筑产业现代化的重要标志。在我国，对于日益蓬勃发展的建筑市场，现浇结构体系所存在的弊端逐渐显露出来。面对这些建筑问题，我国借鉴国外建筑工业化的成功经验，在建筑行业掀起了一股装配式建筑工业化的热潮，使其发展进入一个全新的领域，这将促进建筑行业生产方式的巨大变革。
  装配式建筑自身具有较快的建造速度，抗干扰性较强，能够节约较多的社会劳动力，但是目前装配式建筑工程管理体系还不够完善，施工技术不全面，不能在实际施工过程中将装配式建筑的优势有效发挥。因此，必须合理规划，加强施工过程的监督与质量保证，并运用科学的方法建立完善的管理体系，去除其存在的弊端，发挥其优势，加快装配式建筑的发展。
  本书将通过对装配式建筑的可持续发展、装配式建筑对建筑业转型的影响、预制装配式建筑施工、 预制装配式混凝土技术、 预制装配式混凝土结构绿色施工、 BIM技术在装配式建筑中的应用、装配式建筑的工程项目管理等方面进行一定的论述。

The emergence of cities is a sign of the progress of society and human civilization. A large number of social material wealth, human wisdom and ancient and modern civilization are concentrated in the city, which is the embodiment of modern spiritual civilization and material civilization. Like anything else, the emergence and development of a city is a mutually contradictory unity. With the rapid development of urban process and the high innovation of science and technology, the following negative effects are increasingly affecting people’s life and even health. For example, air pollution, water pollution, garbage pollution, land subsidence, noise pollution, light pollution, etc. The human environment of the city, such as the construction of the city, the shortage of water resources, the shortage of energy, the expansion of the city’s population, the congestion of traffic, the shortage of housing, the shortage of land, the pollution of the city’s scenic tourism resources, the destruction of the characteristics of the famous city and other problems have seriously hindered the normal exertion of social, economic and environmental functions and brings harm to people’s physical and mental health. Therefore, at the stage of rapid development of urbanization, environmental problems become the key to urban development. It is our duty to improve and beautify the environment. It is the aim of urban landscape ecology to research the relationship between urban environment and garden plants.

Urban environment is a unique artificial environment established by human beings on the basis of natural environment. Because the interaction between urban population and urban environment (biological and non biological elements) forms a complex network system, the comprehensive form of urban system, the network structure and functional relationship formed by the interaction between urban human activities and its surrounding environment in the specific space of the city, from the perspective of ecology angle can also be called urban ecosystem. Relevant experts believe that the 21st century is an ecological century, that is, human society will gradually move from an industrialized society to an ecological society. In a sense, the next round of international competition is actually the competition of ecological environment. In terms of a city, which city has a good ecological environment can better attract talents, funds and materials, and be in a competitive position. Therefore, the construction of ecological city has become the focus of the next round of urban competition. Many cities take the construction of ecological city, garden city, landscape city and green city as their goal and development mode, which is a wise move and a realistic choice. This vigorously promotes the construction of ecological city, which is not only the inevitable requirement to comply with the law of urban evolution, but also the need to promote the sustainable, rapid and healthy development of the city. To improve the overall quality of the city, the market competitiveness and image at home and abroad, to beautify the urban environment and purify the environment in the process of urban construction and development, it is imperative to build an ecological garden city .

前 言

城市的产生是社会和人类文明进步的标志。城市中集中了大量社会物质财富、人类智慧和古今文明，是现代精神文明和物质文明的体现。和其他任何事物一样，城市的产生和发展也是相辅相成互相矛盾的统一体。随着城市进程的迅猛发展，科学技术的高度创新， 随之而来的负面影响也越来越多地影响着人们的生活甚至健康。如城市的大气污染、水污染、垃圾污染、地面沉降、噪音污染、光污染等，城市的人文环境如城市的建设、水资源短缺、能源紧张，城市的人口膨胀、交通拥挤、住宅短缺、土地紧张以及城市的风景旅游资源被污染、名城特色被破坏等问题都严重阻碍了城市所具有的社会、经济和环境功能的正常发挥，给人们的身心健康带来危害。因而，城市化高速发展的阶段，环境问题成为城市发展的关键所在。改善和美化环境是我们的职责， 研究城市环境与园林植物的关系成为城市园林生态学的宗旨。

城市环境是人类在自然环境基础上建立的独特人工环境，由于城市人口与城市环境（生物要素和非生物要素）相互作用形成复杂的网络系统，因而在城市的特定空间里，城市体系的综合形态，城市人类活动与其周围环境相互作用形成的网络结构和功能关系，从生态学角度又可称为城市生态系统。有关专家认为， 21 世纪是生态世纪，即人类社会将从工业化社会逐步迈向生态化社会。从某种意义上讲，下一轮的国际竞争实际上是生态环境的竞争。从一个城市来说，哪个城市生态环境好，就能更好地吸引人才、资金和物资，处于竞争的有利地位。因此，建设生态城市已成为下一轮城市竞争的焦点。许多城市把建设生态城市、花园城市、山水城市、绿色城市作为奋斗目标和发展模式，这是明智之举，更是现实选择。大力提倡建设生态型城市，这既是顺应城市演变规律的必然要求，也是推进城市持续快速健康发展的需要。提升城市的整体素质、国内外的市场竞争力和形象，在城市建设和发展过程中美化城市环境、净化环境，建设生态园林城市势在必行。

Ecological fishery is a high-tech science and technology that began to rise and became popular in the early 1990s. At present, after the rapid development period since the reform and opening up and the adjustment and rectification of industrial structure in recent years, China’s fishery has entered a sustained, stable and healthy stage. The aquaculture industry continues to maintain a rapid development trend, the aquatic product processing industry and trade continue to grow, the quality of pelagic fishery further improves, and the protection of fishery resources and ecological environment continues to increase. At the same time of the development of large-scale fishery, our government pays more attention to the protection of fishery resources and ecological environment. Therefore, the implementation of ecological fishery development strategy is still an urgent task. In recent years, the theory and technology of ecological fishery at home and abroad have been developing vigorously, especially the application benefits of biological science and technology, ecological management technology, information technology and socio-economic theory in aquaculture, aquatic processing industry and other fields are increasingly prominent, which can be described as fruitful. These achievements enable human beings to explore the development, utilization and protection of water resources in a more macro, fine, comprehensive and quantitative way with the thinking of ecosystem management, so as to make the water resources serve human society more reasonable and sustainable.

In order to apply the advanced ecological fishery technology, especially the ecological engineering technology and the ecological prevention and control technology of diseases and insect pests, to the research of fishery science and ecological science, and to be widely used in fishery production and ecological environment protection of our country, to produce greater economic benefits, and to promote the further development of ecological fishery technology, we have compiled this book on the practical technology of ecological fishery technical monograph so as to meet the needs of subject development and production application. 

前 言

生态渔业是 20 世纪 90 年代初期世界上开始兴起并流行的一门高新科学技术。当前我国渔业经过改革开放以来的高速发展期和近年来的产业结构调整与整顿，步入了一个持续、稳定、健康的阶段，水产养殖业继续保持快速发展的态势，水产品加工业及贸易持续增长，远洋渔业质量进一步提高，渔业资源和生态环境保护力度不断加大。 在加大渔业发展的同时， 我国政府更加重视渔业资源和生态环境的保护，因此，实施生态渔业发展战略仍是当务之急。近年来，国内外生态渔业的理论与技术得到蓬勃发展，尤其是生物科学技术、生态管理技术、信息技术和社会经济学理论在水产养殖业、水产加工业等领域中的应用效益日益突出，可谓硕果累累。这些成果使人类有能力用生态系统管理的思维更为宏观、精细、综合、定量地来探讨水域资源的开发、利用和保护，让水产资源更合理、可持续地为人类社会服务。
  为了将先进的生态渔业技术，特别是生态工程技术和病虫害的生态防控技术应用到渔业科学和生态科学的研究中，并在我国渔业生产和生态环境保护中得到广泛应用，产生更大的经济效益，促进生态渔业技术更深入发展，我们编写了这本关于生态渔业实用技术的学术专著，以配合学科发展和生产应用的需要。

Waste heat refers to the energy to be discarded or discharged after the completion of the process. Some of the waste heat discharge temperatures are very high, some are relatively low, and some are mixed with a large number of dust and pollutants. When the waste heat is discharged into the atmosphere and environment, it will not only cause the waste of energy, but also cause serious pollution to the environment. The relevant law of thermodynamics indicates that there is a certain amount of available energy in the waste heat discharged. How to recover and use this part of available energy, improve the utilization rate of energy, and reduce the pollution of the environment has become an important issue of energy conservation and environmental protection.
     The features of this book are as follows:
    (1) In the relevant references, most of the description and explanation of “waste heat recovery” are concentrated in the “technical scheme” itself, that is, only the system diagram is given, and it is pointed out that it is composed of several components, and the design and calculation of the system, especially the design and calculation of important components or equipment, are not explained basically, which brings difficulties to the manufacture, promotion and application of waste heat recovery equipment. In view of the above situation, this book focuses on the principle and design of waste heat recovery, and focuses on design. The author believes that only by mastering the design calculation method and designing the key equipment, can we really master the technology itself and improve and develop the waste heat recovery system.
    (2) The author of this book has been engaged in teaching and industrial services in the field of energy for a long time, and has participated in the research, development and design of many industrial departments' waste heat recovery projects. The design methods and most examples in this book have the background of industrial application.
    Considering the wide application field of waste heat recovery, the numerous industrial sectors involved, and the continuous emergence of new technologies and schemes, the content of this book still needs to be improved. We hope the publication of this book can provide a little help to the cause of waste heat recovery.

前 言

余热，又称废热，是指在工艺过程完成后准备废弃或排放的能量。余热的排放温度有的很高，有的较低，在排放的余热中，有的夹杂着大量的粉尘和污染物。将余热排向大气和环境中，不但造成了能源的浪费，而且会对环境造成严重的污染。热力学相关定律指出，在排放的余热中都含有一定的可用能。如何回收和利用这部分可利用的能量，提高能源的利用率，同时减轻对环境的污染，已成为节能和环保的重大课题。
   本书的特点如下：
  （1）在相关的参考文献中，对“余热回收”的叙述和讲解，绝大多数都集中在“技术方案”本身，即只给出系统图，指出由几个部件组成，基本上不讲解系统的设计计算，尤其是重要部件或设备的设计计算，这给余热回收设备的制造、推广和应用带来了困难。针对上述情况，本书重点讲述余热回收的原理和设计，而且以设计为主。作者认为，只有掌握了设计计算方法，能自行设计关键设备，才能真正地掌握技术本身，才能对余热回收系统进行改进和开发。
  （2）本书作者曾长期从事能源领域的教学和工业服务，参与过众多工业部门余热回收项目的研究、开发和设计，本书中的设计方法和大多数例题都有工业应用的背景。
  考虑到余热回收的应用领域极其宽广，涉及的工业部门众多，新的技术和方案在不断涌现，本书所涉及的内容还有很多有待提高和完善之处。希望本书的出版能对余热回收事业提供一点微薄的助力。