There are all kinds of problems in modern cities, such as the change of population, the expansion of regions, the increase of cars, and the traffic problems such as traffic jams, environmental degradation, public traffic congestion and recession. Urban traffic problem is a vexing problem for cities all over the world. How to solve it fundamentally has been the research focus of experts and scholars for many years. Urban society has four elements:
residence, work, recreation and transportation. With the development of the city, the expansion of the scale of the city and the specialization of the living, working and recreational areas in the city, the traffic demand of the city is constantly expanding. Urban structure determines the occurrence of traffic demand, and the form of land use determines the intensity of traffic. The relationship between the supply of urban traffic infrastructure and traffic demand should be balanced. When the supply cannot meet the demand, the traffic problem will appear.
   The characteristics of urban road traffic in China are mixed, low-speed and high-density, one of which is traffic congestion; the characteristics of urban public traffic are traffic congestion and low service level. At present, the problem of urban road traffic congestion not only spreads rapidly in big cities such as Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen, but also develops to small and medium-sized cities. The source of urban traffic problems lies in the deficiency of “pre planning”, such as the lack of scientific urban planning and urban traffic planning, the lack of accurate grasp of urban traffic development strategy, the lack of strategic thinking, the lack of systematic methods, the lack of strict compliance and implementation of planning.
We hope that the publication of this book can play a positive role in promoting the teaching and discipline development of urban planning higher education, bringing rich and valuable materials to teachers and students of urban planning and architecture, and also bringing beneficial help to urban planners and practitioners of related majors.
   Due to the limitation of the editor’s ability and level, there are inevitably deficiencies or mistakes in the book. We sincerely hope readers to criticize and correct it.

前 言

现代城市中普遍存在着各种各样的问题，诸如人口的变动、区域的扩大、汽车的增加，以及由此带来的交通堵塞、环境恶化、公共交通方式的拥挤以及衰退等交通问题。城市交通问题是世界各国城市共存的一个令人烦恼的问题，如何从根本上解决，多年来一直是专家学者们的研究重点。城市社会具有居住、工作、游憩和交通四个要素，随着城市的发展，城市规模的扩大，城市中居住、工作、游憩区域的特定化，使城市的交通需求不断扩大。城市结构决定了交通需求的发生，土地利用的形态决定了交通发生的强度。城市交通基础设施的供给与交通需求应该保持平衡的关系，当供给无法满足需求时，交通问题就显现出来了。
  我国城市道路交通的特点是混合、低速、高密度，特征之一是交通拥堵；城市公共交通的特点是车内拥挤、服务水平低。目前，城市道路交通拥堵问题不仅在以北京、上海、广州和深圳等为代表的大城市快速蔓延，而且发展到了中小城市。城市交通问题产生的源头在于“预”的不足，缺乏科学的城市规划和城市交通规划，缺乏对城市交通发展战略的准确把握，缺乏战略性思维，缺乏系统性方法，缺乏对规划的严格遵守和实施。
  希望这本书的出版能够为城市规划高等教育的教学及学科发展起到积极地推进作用，为城市规划专业及建筑学专业的师生带来丰富的有价值的资料，同时还能为城市规划师及其相关专业的从业者带来有益的帮助。
  由于编者能力和水平所限，书中难免存在不足或错误，恳请读者批评指正。

With the development of social economy, the progress of science and technology and the increasing demand of people’s material and cultural life, the engineering construction is becoming more and more diversified and complicated, which brings many new challenges to the structural engineering, and also puts forward higher, newer and wider requirements.
    This book consists of seven chapters. The first chapter is the introduction, which gives a brief overview and explanation of the theory of urban construction and urbanization, the development of civil engineering and technological innovation in recent years, as well as the situation of structural innovation and the sustainable development of civil engineering. Then it is divided into two parts: urban construction and structural engineering. Urban construction focuses on the explanation of urban construction foundation and innovation concept, while structural engineering excludes structural engineering. In addition to the basic theory, it focuses on the research and discussion of concrete structure, steel structure, masonry structure and other specific construction technology. In this way, we hope to stimulate the innovation enthusiasm of the workers of urban construction and structural engineering. Besides, the structural engineering technology can continuously improve the ability of structural innovation in the development, and can better serve the green, environmental protection, healthy and civilized urban construction.

前 言

随着我国社会经济的发展与科学技术的进步，以及人民物质文化生活需求的不断提高，工程建设日趋多样化、复杂化，这给结构工程带来了很多新的挑战，也提出了更高、更新、更广的要求。
  本书共七章，第一章绪论部分对城市建设与城市化理论、近年来土木工程发展与技术创新， 以及结构创新与土木工程的可持续发展情况， 进行了简要概述与说明；后分城市建设与结构工程两大部分， 城市建设重点阐释了城市建设基础与创新理念，结构工程则除结构工程基础理论外、侧重于对混凝土结构、钢结构、砌体结构等不同结构工程的具体施工工艺与技术的研究探讨。以期激发广大城建与结构工程的工作者的创新热情，使结构工程技术在发展中不断提升结构创新的能力，以便更好地服务于绿色环保健康文明的城市建设。

Urban rail transit is an important part of public transport system in urban infrastructure. From the perspective of the practice of urbanization process in various countries, rail transit has become the main urban transport tool in developed countries and regions by virtue of its technical advantages of large volume, fast speed, safety, reliability, punctuality and comfort, which is popular with citizens. In our country, Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Chongqing, Shenzhen and other cities also have a considerable scale of rail transit lines. Rail transit has gradually become the preferred means of transportation for residents to travel, and has become the main means for the government to implement the “public transport priority” policy. Vigorously developing urban rail transit has become the general consensus of the government and the public.
    The construction and operation of urban rail transit can promote the development of industry, transportation, real estate and other related industries, stimulate employment, promote the appreciation of land along the way, expand the urban development space, and have obvious external economy. Moreover, with the social development, population growth, road network expansion and service level improvement, urban rail transit will attract more passenger flow and its affiliated operation assets have great potential for appreciation. At the same time, the urban rail transit network has the attribute of scale economic circle, and the radiation influence scope covers most areas and surrounding areas in the network. When urban rail transit forms network operation, as a comprehensive network platform, other kinds of networks (such as transportation network, service network, business network, etc.) can be included in it. The strong aggregation and release effect of rail transit network makes the resources and services such as passenger flow, logistics, capital flow and information flow in the network circulate rapidly in all regions of the city and even among cities, changes the consumption, life and production mode of the society, and has a profound impact on the economic operation of the city.
   Because of its social and economic attributes, urban rail transit has become the focus of urban transport development strategy, and also regarded as the backbone of urban transport system. Therefore, the Chinese government proposes the policy of “scientifically formulating the technical route of urban rail transit, standardizing the construction standards, orderly promoting the construction of urban rail transit networks such as light rail, subway and tram”, and lists urban rail transit equipment as a strategic emerging industry innovation and development project. In the development process of urban rail transit, many innovative technologies and advanced construction and management methods have emerged, which effectively solve the practical problems in urban rail transit planning, construction, operation and management, and also promote the establishment of China’s urban rail transit policies, regulations and standards system.
   Because the new technology of urban rail transit involves many contents, the length and content of teaching materials are limited, the compilation time is relatively short and the level of compilers is limited, there are inevitably some defects in the organization of the content structure of the book and the selection of literature materials. Peers, experts and readers at home and abroad are welcome to criticize and correct it.

前 言

城市轨道交通是城市基础设施中公共交通系统的重要组成部分。从各国城市化进程的实践来看，轨道交通凭借运量大、速度快、安全可靠、准点舒适等技术优势，在发达国家和地区成为主要的城市交通工具，备受市民欢迎。我国北京、上海、广州、重庆、深圳等城市也拥有相当规模的轨道交通线路，轨道交通现已逐步成为居民出行的首选交通工具，也成为政府推行“公交优先”政策的主要手段，大力发展城市轨道交通已成为政府和民众的普遍共识。
  城市轨道交通的建设及运营能促进工业、运输、房地产等相关产业的发展，刺激就业，促进沿途土地升值，拓展城市发展空间，具有明显的外部经济性，而且随着社会发展、人口增加、路网扩大以及服务水平的提高，城市轨道交通将吸引更多的客流，其附属的经营性资产具有巨大的升值潜力。同时，城市轨道交通网络具有规模经济圈的属性，辐射影响范围覆盖网内大部分区域和周边区域。当城市轨道交通形成网络化运营后，作为综合性的网络平台可将其他各种网络（如交通运输网、服务网、商贸网等）都载于其间。轨道交通网络强大的聚集和释放效应使网内的客流、物流、资金流、信息流等资源和服务在城市各区域乃至城市间快速流通，改变社会的消费、生活和生产方式，对城市经济运行产生深远影响。
  城市轨道交通由于自身所具备的社会属性和经济属性，使之成为城市交通发展战略的重点，同时也被视为城市交通体系的骨干力量。因此，我国政府提出“科学制定城市轨道交通技术路线，规范建设标准，有序推进轻轨、地铁、有轨电车等城市轨道交通网络建设”的政策，并将城市轨道交通装备列为战略性新兴产业创新发展工程。在城市轨道交通的发展过程中，涌现了很多创新技术及先进施工、管理方法，有效地解决了城市轨道交通规划建设、运营和管理中的实际问题，也促进了我国城市轨道交通政策、法规和标准体系的建立。
  由于城市轨道交通新技术涉及内容较多，而教材篇幅内容有限，加之编写时间比较紧，且编写人员水平有限，在全书内容结构的组织及文献材料的取舍方面，难免有不妥之处，敬请国内外同行、专家及各位读者批评指正。

With the continuous development of the economy, market competition has become increasingly fierce. In enterprise operation, accounting management is an important part. Accounting management has an important impact on the development of the enterprise. In the development of enterprises, the traditional accounting management system is backward, and it has not been able to adapt well to the development needs of the market. Therefore, in order to develop better, enterprises need to strengthen their own accounting management, better enhance the competitiveness of enterprises, and promote the development of enterprises.
      However, in the face of fierce competition, enterprises must pay attention to enterprise management in order to survive and develop. Because the level of financial management directly affects the level of enterprise management, which in turn affects the quality of the company’s economic benefits. Therefore, it is of great significance to optimize financial management and explore the functions of financial management for promoting the economic benefits of enterprises.
    This book will give a certain explanation through accounting management, financial management innovation, enterprise financial management in the context of e-commerce, evaluation of enterprise financial management capabilities, China’s tax management model, tax management integration, tax management in the context of e-commerce, etc.

前 言

随着经济的不断发展，市场竞争越来越激烈。在企业经营中，财会管理是重要组成部分，财会管理对于企业的发展具有重要影响。在企业的发展中，传统的财会管理制度落后，已经不能很好的适应市场的发展需要，所以企业为了能够更好的发展，需要加强自身财会管理，更好的提升企业的竞争力，促进企业的发展。

然而，目前面对激烈的竞争，企业要想求得生存、获得发展必须重视企业管理，因为财务管理水平高低直接影响到企业管理的水平高低，进而影响到企业经济效益的好坏。因此，优化财务管理，挖掘财务管理各功能，对于促进企业经济效益具有重要意义。
  本书将通过对财会管理、财务管理创新、电子商务环境下的企业财务管理、企业财务管理能力评价、我国税收管理模式、税收管理一体化、电子商务环境下的税收管理等方面进行一定的阐述。

At present, the main construction method used in China’s construction industry is on-site construction. This traditional construction method relies on rich and cheap labor force, with high labor intensity and disordered site management. It is an extensive construction method, which will consume a lot of energy and cause serious environmental pollution. Prefabricated building is a new type of building in this year, which is characterized by prefabricated components assembled on site. Because of the fast construction speed, labor saving and quality assurance of prefabricated buildings, more and more attention has been paid by the industry, and has made great progress. With the implementation of China’s sustainable development strategy, the advantages of traditional buildings no longer exist. Because of the advantages of prefabricated building, it has a broad development space. At the same time, the assembly building can effectively use BIM, PCA technology, ISM theory, and achieve the effect of rapid transformation of several kinds of cutting-edge technology into output value. At the same time, because of
its advantages and advancements, prefabricated buildings have been greatly supported by the state and regions, and have become the most potential architectural form. It is the only way for sustainable development, transformation and upgrading of China’s construction industry to develop prefabricated buildings.
    The book “Construction Technology of Prefabricated Building Engineering” first introduces the assembly building at home and abroad, and then puts forward some problems about the assembly building construction, including the analysis of construction technology and construction key and difficult problems, as well as solutions and innovation, and some discussions on the technical work of assembly building in China, such as the problems and dilemmas in construction technology , as well as new planning and problems raised in project management, etc. The book has a wide range of topics. If there are omissions or mistakes, we hope readers and friends to give feedback for us to exchange thought and learning together.

前 言

目前，我国建筑行业主要采用的施工方式是现场施工。这种传统的施工方式依赖于丰富而廉价的劳动力，劳动强度大，现场管理混乱，是一种粗放型的施工方式，会消耗大量的能源，还会对环境造成严重的污染。装配式建筑则是今年来新兴的一类建筑，其特点是建筑由预制构件在现场装配而成。由于装配式建筑的建造速度快节约劳动力，质量有保证，因此，装配式建筑越来越得到业界的重视，并有了长足的发展。随着我国可持续发展战略的实施，传统建筑的优势已经不复存在。而装配式建筑的优点， 使其具有广阔的发展空间。 同时装配式建筑可以有效使用 BIM、 PCA技术、 ISM 理论，实现前沿技术快速几类转化为产值的效果。同时，装配式建筑由于其优越性和先进之处，得到国家和各地区的大力扶持，已经成为最具有发展潜力的一种建筑形式。大力发展装配式建筑是我国建筑产业可持续发展及转型升级发展的必由之路。
 《装配式建筑施工技术》这本书首先对国内外的装配式建筑做了简要介绍，再提出了关于装配式建筑建设的一些问题，包括施工技术和施工重难点问题分析，以及解决措施和创新，还有针对我国装配式建筑的技术工作方面的一些探讨，譬如提到了施工技术中遇到的问题和困境，以及在工程管理中提出的新的规划和问题等等，话题比较广，如果有出现疏漏或者错误的地方望广大读者朋友进行反馈，以供我们共同交流学习。