The level of urbanization is an important symbol of the degree of modernization of a country. With the development of economy, China’s urbanization construction is steadily advancing. The accelerated development of urbanization in China has brought great development space and unprecedented development opportunities to the construction industry. In recent years, the high-speed railway, intercity railway, expressway, urban rail transit, municipal infrastructure, urban transformation, large-scale housing construction and other infrastructure construction related to urbanization show a trend of sustained and rapid development. The development of metropolitan areas, urban agglomerations, urban belts and central cities indicates the rapid take-off of China’s urbanization process, the arrival of a broader market for the construction industry, and a great opportunity for the construction water supply and drainage industry.
        However, in the construction of building water supply and drainage, often due to the use of materials do not meet the quality standards, or the construction is not standardized, causing a series of quality risks, to the daily life of residents inconvenience. Building water supply and drainage system as a vital part of the building, its quality is directly related to the quality of the whole building, has a direct impact on the user experience. With the development of the construction industry, the building water supply and drainage industry is also developing, and will gradually innovate and develop in a long period of time. Therefore, it is very necessary to strengthen the research on the development trend of building water supply and drainage technology. Here we first briefly introduce the building water supply and drainage system, and analyze the current situation and development trend of building water supply and drainage technology in China.

前 言

城市化水平是一个国家现代化程度的重要标志，随着经济的发展，我国城市化建设在不断地稳步推进。中国城市化的加速发展，给建筑业带来了巨大的发展空间和前所未有的发展机遇。近年来，与城市化相关联的高速铁路、城际铁路、高速公路、城市轨道交通、市政基础设施、城市改造、大型房屋建筑等基础设施建设显现出持续高速发展的趋势。都市圈、城市群、城市带和中心城市的发展预示了中国城市化进程的高速起飞，也预示了建筑业更广阔的市场的到来，更是建筑给排水行业的一大机遇。
          然而，在建筑给排水施工中常常由于使用的材料不符合质量标准，或者是施工不规范，引发一系列的质量隐患，给居民的日常生活带来不便。建筑给排水系统作为建筑物中至关重要的一部分，其质量的好坏直接关系着整个建筑的质量，对用户体验有着直接的影响。随着建筑业的发展，建筑给排水行业也在不断发展，而且将会在一个较长时期内逐步地创新和发展，因此加强对建筑给排水技术的发展趋势的研究是十分必要的。下面我们首先对建筑给排水系统进行简要介绍，并对我国建筑给排水技术的现状及发展趋势进行分析。

In early 2017, The Opinions of the General Office of the State Council on Promoting the Sustainable and Healthy Development of the Construction Industry (GBF [2017] No. 19) puts forward the whole process of engineering consultation. It encourages investment consulting, survey, design, supervision, bidding agency, cost and other enterprises to develop the whole process engineering consulting through joint operation, merger and reorganization, and cultivate a number of international level whole process engineering consulting enterprises. Under this background, this book came into being, hoping to better guide the whole process of consulting business and serve the overall construction activities. This book is divided into six chapters, which are focused, concise, systematic, comprehensive, basic and typical.

前 言

2017 年初， 国务院办公厅关于促进建筑业持续健康发展的意见（国办发[2017]19号）中提出培育全过程工程咨询；鼓励投资咨询、勘察、设计、监理、招标代理、造价等企业采取联合经营、并购重组等方式发展全过程工程咨询，培育一批具有国际水平的全过程工程咨询企业。本书正是在这样的背景下，应运而生，也是希望能够更好的指导全过程咨询事业，服务于整体的建设活动。 本书共分为六章，重点突出，简明扼要，系统全面，具有基础和典型性。

Intelligent manufacturing is the central direction of the development of current manufacturing technology. Through the integration and deep fusion of manufacturing technology, information technology and artificial intelligence technology, intelligent manufacturing can carry out the analysis, judgment, reasoning, conception and decision-making of all aspects of manufacturing with the help of the manufacturing intelligence. The manufacturing intelligence is made by collecting and storing the data of the human experts during the manufacture in order to replace and extend the part of human mental work in the manufacturing environment. Therefore, the intelligent perception, intelligent learning, intelligent decision-making, intelligent control and intelligent execution in the manufacturing process, system and equipment are realized.
         Mechanical manufacturing automation technology is an interdisciplinary content system. It not only includes the design and manufacture in the mechanical field, but also the control, detection, management and information processing. At the same time, mechanical manufacturing automation technology is a developing science. Therefore, in the content arrangement of this book, the attention is not only paid to the combination with the engineering application, but also the combination with the frontier of current scientific and technological development. This book strives to achieve the independence and mutual connection between its chapters in order to help the readers understand and master the basic concepts and general knowledge of the application of the technology. Then the students can gradually gain the ability to solve the practical engineering problems. From a broad perspective, mechanical manufacturing automation and intelligent manufacturing technology will certainly shine with new brilliance. However, due to various reasons, they have not yet played their due role. The author of this book believes that the vast number of talents who aspire to improve the backward situation of the national manufacturing industry can learn useful knowledge from this book and then constantly solve the problems existing in the manufacturing industry. This is also the author’s expectation for the new future of manufacturing industry.

前 言

智能制造是当前制造技术的核心发展方向。智能制造通过制造技术、信息技术和人工智能技术的集成和深度融合，借助计算机收集、存储模拟人类专家的制造智能，进行制造各环节的分析、判断、推理、构思和决策，取代和延伸制造环境中人类的部分脑力劳动，实现制造过程、制造系统和制造装备的智能感知、智能学习、智能决策、智能控制与智能执行。
        机械制造自动化技术是一门跨学科的内容体系，它不仅包括机械领域的设计和制造内容，而且还包括控制、检测、管理和信息处理等方面的内容，同时机械制造自动化技术又是一门不断发展的学科。因此，本书在内容的编排上，既注重与工程应用相结合，又注重与当前科技发展的前沿相结合，着力做到各章节内容的独立与相互衔接，以利于读者了解和掌握其基本概念和应用常识，逐步培养学生解决工程实际问题的能力。 放眼望去， 机械制造自动化和智能制造技术定能创造出新的辉煌，但是由于受各种原因的制约还没有发挥出机械制造自动化和智能制造应有的作用，相信广大的有志于改善国家制造业落后局面的人才，能够从本书中汲取到有用的知识，并不断解决制造业中存在的问题，这也是本书作者对制造业新未来的期盼。

Since the beginning of the 21st century, China’s economy has developed rapidly, and the transportation industry has developed rapidly. Due to China’s strong support for Internet technology and scientific and technological innovation, under the promotion of this policy, the scale of the transportation industry is huge, and the existing transportation network can not adapt to it, so the highway construction is increasing. With the maturity of highway construction technology, the quality of highway construction has been greatly improved. Combining theory with practice, the highway construction technology in China has made great achievements.
    This book expounds the basic theory of highway engineering through the analysis of highway engineering construction technology, highway bridge construction technology, tunnel engineering construction technology, highway engineering construction cost management, technical management and highway ecological protection technology. Through the discussion of highway engineering construction technology, this book studies the development and application of highway engineering construction technology. It is a professional book combining theory with practice, and there is no lack of innovative highway engineering construction technology, in order to provide a new theoretical support and assistance for the vast number of highway engineering practitioners in China, and contribute to China’s transportation and highway construction.

前 言

进入 21 世纪以来，我国的经济发展较快， 交通运输业迅猛发展，由于我国大力支持互联网技术和科技创新，在这一政策的推动下，运输业的规模庞大，现有的交通网络已不能适应，所以公路建设不断增加，随着公路建设技术的日趋成熟，公路建设的质量也得到了较大完善，理论结合实践使我国公路施工技术取得较大发展的成果。
        本书通过对公路工程施工技术、高速公路桥梁施工技术、隧道工程施工技术与公路工程施工成本管理、技术管理以及公路的生态保障技术的分析，阐明公路工程的基础理论，通过对公路工程施工技术的探讨，研究了公路工程施工技术的发展与应用，是一本理论与实践相结合，又不乏创新的公路工程施工技术的专业书籍，以期为我国广大公路工程从业者提供全新的理论支持与辅助，为我国的交通运输与公路建设添砖加瓦。

众所周知，电能是现代人类社会赖以生存和发展的极其重要的物质技术基础。电能的应用已经深入到现代人类社会生活和生产的各个方面。电能的应用给人类社会带来了光明、动力和现代文明。现代社会的信息技术、智能技术及其他高新技术，无一不是建立在电能应用的基础之上。然而，由于“电”的特殊性能，它既看不见，听不到， 又摸不得， 人们不能凭视觉和听觉更不能凭触觉来直接判断某处是否有电，而且电的传播速度又极快，几乎与光速相等，因此一旦接通电源，则不论与电源相连的导体距离电源有多远， 人们只要接触此导体就可遭受其触电的伤害， 轻则受伤，重则致残或丧命。又由于电流通过导体时要产生热效应，在电路过负荷或短路时可烧毁设备或引发火灾爆炸，还要造成停电，给人们的正常生活、生产和生命财产造成巨大的损失。因此在用电过程中，一定要本着“以人为本、安全第一”的方针，切实注意安全用电，作好安全用电工作。
       本书之所以名为《城市供电与用电安全管控》，不只是由于在讲述安全用电技术知识时，侧重在人们日常生活和生产用电中必备的安全知识，理论联系实际，论述浅显易懂，而更主要的是本书尽量以我国现行标准规范为依据，力求增强读者的标准规范意识。