With the acceleration of urbanization, there are more and more real estate development and tourism construction industries. People's understanding of the construction industry is not limited to surface construction techniques. More and more architectural designers begin to pay attention to the construction technology and theoretical basis of architectural construction. Therefore, advanced construction technology is applied to civil engineering construction, which improves the progress of engineering construction, reduces the labor intensity of workers and saves construction costs. At the same time, in order to better develop civil engineering construction and continuously improve the development of civil engineering construction technology, it is necessary to take targeted development measures to promote the better and faster development of construction projects.

This book analyzes and elaborates the construction of civil engineering from eight chapters. The authors hope to help some related staff.

前言

随着城市化进程的加快，房地产开发、旅游建筑业越来越多，人们对于建筑行业的认识与了解不仅仅停留在表面施工技术上，越来越多的建筑设计者们开始关注建筑施工的施工技术与理论基础。因此，先进的施工技术应用到了土木工程建筑施工中，提高了工程建设的进度，减轻了工人的劳动强度，节约了建设费用。同时，为了更好的发展土木工程建设，不断提高土木工程建设技术的发展，必须采取有针对性的发展对策，促进建筑项目更好更快地发展。

本书从八章内容对土木工程建设与施工进行详细的分析与阐述，内容全面，希望有一定的帮助。

After a long course of struggle and continuous efforts, human beings have made brilliant achievements in social economy. However, human development has also caused great damage to the ecology, caused great pollution to the environment, and posed a real threat to human survival and development. It is an urgent and arduous task for all mankind to protect and improve the ecological environment and achieve the sustainable development of human society. Therefore, environmental protection is the prerequisite for achieving social development. To protect the environment, and ensure the harmony between man and nature is the prerequisite for further economic development and the guarantee of the continuation of human civilization. So the issue of ecological environment has become a hot topic that attracts much attention from human beings.

This book will briefly discuss several aspects:introduction, natural resources, natural resource development, natural resource consumption and environmental pollution, natural resource management and protection, ecological engineering, environmental ecological technology and applications, natural resources and ecological environment under information technology, infrastructure and ecological environment.

前言

人类在经过漫长的奋斗历程，不断努力后，在社会经济方面取得了辉煌的成就，然而，人类的发展也对生态造成了很大的破坏，对环境造成了很大的污染，对人类的生存和发展已经构成了现实威胁。保护和改善生态环境，实现人类社会的持续发展，是全人类紧迫而艰巨的任务。因此，环境保护是实现社会发展的前提，保护环境，确保人与自然的和谐，是经济能够得到进一步发展的前提，也是人类文明延续的保证。故而生态环境问题成为备受人类关注的热门话题。

本书分为绪论、自然资源、自然资源开发、自然资源消耗与环境污染、自然资源管理与保护、生态工程、环境生态技术及应用、信息技术下的自然资源与生态环境、基础建设与生态环境等方面进行了简要的论述。

Contract management is an important basis for promoting enterprise development. Only by establishing a sound enterprise contract management system, strengthening training and education, cultivating a group of high-quality contract managers, strictly reviewing and controlling the risk points of the contract, and attaching importance to standardizing performance claims, and achieving standardization and professional management of contracts, can we meet the needs of enterprise development. Pound, a famous American jurist, once said, “In the commercial era, wealth is mostly made up of contracts.” Under the conditions of a market economy, in order to achieve certain economic purposes, enterprises clearly define their mutual rights and obligations, mainly through contracts. The civil relationship established by an enterprise through a contract is a kind of civil legal relationship protected by law, so the act of establishing a civil legal relationship by signing a contract is a civil legal act, which is inevitable in the process of enterprise operation. Therefore, contract management is very important for the development of an enterprise, and it is a basic work to prevent business risks. It exists in all links of business operations and has the characteristics of autonomy, comprehensiveness, and overall process.

This book elaborates on enterprise management and innovation, contract management, contract organization and system, contract negotiation and review, contract formulation, enterprise contract management system, enterprise contract risk management, and enterprise contract risk prevention.

前言

合同管理是推动企业发展的重要依据。只有建立健全的企业合同管理制度，加强培训教育，培养一批高素质的合同管理人员，严格审查和控制合同的风险点，并重视规范履约索赔，实现合同标准化、专业化管理，才能满足企业发展的需要。美国著名法学家庞德曾说过：“在商业时代，财富大部分由合同构成”。在市场经济条件下，企业为实现一定的经济目的，明确相互权利义务关系，主要是通过合同形式进行的。企业通过合同所确立的民事关系，是一种受法律保护的民事法律关系，所以通过签订合同建立民事法律关系的行为是一种民事法律行为，是企业经营活动过程不可避免的行为。因此，合同管理对企业的发展非常重要，是防范企业经营风险的基础性工作，存在于企业经营活动的各个环节中，具有自治性、综合性、全程性的特征。

本书对企业管理与创新、合同管理、合同组织与制度、合同谈判与审查、合同制定、企业合同管理制度、企业合同风险管理、企业合同风险防范等方面进行了一定的阐述。

The 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China clearly requested that we adhere to the path of new industrialization, informatization, urbanization, and agricultural modernization with Chinese characteristics, promote the deep integration of informatization and industrialization, the positive interaction between industrialization and urbanization, the coordination between urbanization and agricultural modernization, and advance the synchronous development of industrialization, informationization, and urbanization. Promoting the simultaneous development of industrialization, informationization, urbanization, and agricultural modernization is a major theoretical innovation of the Communist Party of China; and it also points out the way forward for adhering to the road of agricultural modernization with Chinese characteristics.

Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Chinese Communist Party has always promoted the development of agriculture and rural areas as its top priority. For seven consecutive years, it has issued a series of new policies to accelerate agricultural modernization in the form of the No. 1 document of the Central Committee. These policies are an important link point for promoting the development of China’s agricultural modernization, and also an important link for the party to solve the “three dimensional rural” issues.

The historic achievements of China’s agricultural modernization since the 18th CPC National Congress indicated that these policies are in line with China’s reality and have great vitality. Because of this, this book is based on the agricultural modernization policy of the Communist Party of China since the 18th National Congress. It studies China’s agricultural statistics and rural economic surveys, and puts forward suggestions to promote the implementation of China’s agricultural policies, hoping to have some help.

前言

党的十八大明确要求，坚持走中国特色新型工业化、信息化、城镇化、农业现代化道路，推动信息化和工业化深度融合、工业化和城镇化良性互动、城镇化和农业现代化相互协调，促进工业化、信息化、城镇化同步发展。推动工业化、信息化、城镇化同农业现代化同步发展，是中国共产党的重大理论创新，也为坚持走中国特色农业现代化道路指明了前进方向。

党的十八大以来，中国共产党始终将推动农业农村发展作为工作的重中之重，连续七年以中央一号文件的形式，出台了一系列加快推动农业现代化的新政策。这些政策是推动我国农业现代化发展的重要抓手，也是党破解“三农”问题的重要抓手。

十八大以来我国农业现代化建设取得的历史性成就表明，这些政策是符合中国实际的，是有着巨大的生命力的。正因如此，本书以十八大以来中国共产党的农业现代化政策为背景，对我国农业统计和农村经济调查进行研究，提出推动我国农业政策贯彻落实的建议，希望有一定的帮助。

  With the continuous development and improvement of medical technology, the requirements for basic clinical laboratory technology are gradually increasing, and clinical medical laboratory technology is gradually evolving towards the direction of intelligence, automation and diversification. In the diagnosis and treatment of modern diseases, clinical medical laboratory technology has also become an important means to help clinicians diagnose and treat diseases.

  This book first analyzes the clinical medical examination and its industry development, the basic system of the hospital laboratory department and the quality control of clinical medical examination technology in the introduction, and specifically analyzes the basic examination technology of these clinical medicine from the eight aspects of the examination of blood, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, serous cavity effusion, semen, prostatic fluid, vaginal secretion and other examinations,which involves theoretical knowledge of disciplines such as clinical medicine, microbiological analysis and chemical examination, as well as modern medical laboratory technology of medical laboratory instruments, intelligent detection technology, and spectral analysis technology, with a view to adding as much as possible to China’s pharmaceutical undertakings, to provide the majority of medical workers with a practical textbooks and reference books. This is our intention to write this book!

  As the book contains more content, involves more cumbersome knowledge, and the format, depth and breadth of the contents of each chapter may not be inconsistent; and the fallacies are inevitable. Readers are invited to criticize and correct. Suggestions for improvement will be gratefully received.

前言

随着医学技术的不断发展与完善，对临床医学基础检验技术的要求也在逐渐提高，临床医学检验技术朝着智能化、自动化、多元化的方向渐渐演进。在现代疾病的诊断与治疗当中，临床医学检验技术也已经成为帮助临床医生诊断与治疗疾病的一种重要手段。

本书首先在绪论里分析了临床医学检验及其行业发展、医院检验科基本制度以及临床医学检验技术的质量控制，后从血液、尿液、脑脊液、浆膜腔积液检验，精液、前列腺液、阴道分泌物检查以及其他检查八个方面来具体分析这些临床医学的基础检验技术，里面涉及临床医学、微生物检测与化学检测等学科的理论知识以及医学检验仪器、智能检测技术、光谱分析技术等现代医学检验技术，以期尽可能地为我国的医药事业添砖加瓦，为广大医学工作者提供中本切合实用的教材与参考书，这也是我们编写《临床医学检验技术分析》这本书的目的所在。

由于本书包罗内容较多，沙及知识较繁琐，各章节内容的格式、深度和广度可能并不一致.且谬误无可避免，敬请广大读者批评指正。