With the rapid development of urban construction in our country, especially after the 1990s, there has been an increasing number of high-rise and super high-rise building projects. Accompanying this, the excavation area of foundation pits becomes larger and larger, and excavation depth deeper and deeper (some exceeds 30m).
   The foundation pits of high-rise buildings are usually excavated between dense urban building groups. The narrowness of the construction site and the technical difficulties of construction are unprecedented. In addition to ensuring the stability of the foundation pit itself, the excavation of foundation pits must also ensure the safety of adjacent buildings. Therefore, excavating foundation pits in a narrow site will not only bring great difficulties to the design of support, but will also post a great threat to the safe use of adjacent buildings.

   Foundation pit engineering is a highly comprehensive systematic engineering, involving three basic topics of stability, deformation and seepage around soil mechanics. The three, combined together, require comprehensive treatment. It needs not only to study the strength, deformation and stability of soil, but also to study the interaction between soil and structure. At the same time, it is also necessary to study the impact and restriction of construction methods and construction process on rock and soil mass, the control of deformation feedback on structure design, design methods and calculation methods and other important issues. Due to the complexity and uncertainty of foundation pit engineering, information-based construction is very important. Through the real-time detection of construction site, designers can timely modify the deficiencies in the plan based on feedback information, and take active and effective remedial measures. Foundation pit engineering has become a hot issue in the field of geotechnical engineering, while supporting technology a difficult issue.

前 言

随着我国城市建设的快速发展，特别是 20 世纪 90 年代之后，高层和超高层建筑项目日益增多，与之相伴的是基坑开挖面积越来越大、开挖深度越来越深(部分深基坑超过 30m)。
       高层建筑的基坑通常在城市密集的建筑群之间开挖，其场地之狭窄，施工技术难度之大是前所未有的。基坑开挖除要保证基坑自身的稳定外，还必须保证邻近建筑设施的安全，因此在狭窄的场地内开挖基坑不仅会给支护设计带来很大困难。也会对邻近建筑的安全使用造成很大威胁。
       基坑工程一个综合性很强的系统工程，涉及土力学中稳定性、变形及渗流三个基本课题，三者结合在一起，需要综合处理。不但要研究土的强度、变形、稳定性问题，还要研究土与结构的相互作用。与此同时，还需要研究施工方法及施工过程对岩土体的影响和制约，变形反馈对结构设计的控制，设计方法和计算方法等重要问题。由于基坑工程的复杂性和不确定性，信息化施工就显得十分重要，通过对现场的实时检测，设计人员可以根据反馈信息及时修改方案中的不足，采取积极有效的补救措施。基坑工程已成为岩土工程界的热点问题，支护技术则成为难点问题。

Training and development are becoming more and more important for enterprises. More and more enterprises pay more attention to two new purposes than the training and development of certain professional skills: first, to train the employees with other more general skills, making the employees convert from single-skill to multiskilled, in order to adapt to the changing customer needs and organizational development needs, such as the skills to proactively address customer needs, effective communication skills, teamwork skills and learning skills; second, to use training and development to strengthen employees’ identification with the organization, increase their loyalty, cultivate their awareness of customer service, improve their adaptability and flexibility, and enable employees to grow in line with the organization.
   In modern society, almost everyone’s life is closely related to their career, and everyone will consciously or unconsciously design their own career path. Without a clear career development plan, drifting through life, chasing small profits, but losing the right direction, all of which should be the important reasons for many people’s unsatisfactory careers in the first half of their career lives. Also there are many legendary experiences that come from far behind to win that tells us careers can be planned and changed. Therefore, each of us should pay high attention to and effectively design and manage our career.

前 言

培训与开发对企业的意义越来越重要。越来越多的企业对员工能力的培训与开发，已经超越某一项专业技能的培训与开发，而更多着重于两个新的目的：一是向员工传授其他更为广泛的技能，使员工的技能由单一技能向多重技能转换，以适应不断变化的客户需求与组织发展的需要，如主动解决客户需求的技能、有效的沟通技能、团队合作技能及学习技能；二是利用培训与开发来强化员工对组织的认同，提高员工的忠诚度，培养员工的客户服务意识，提高员工的适应性和灵活性，使员工与组织同步成长。
       在现代社会，几乎每个人的生活都与职业息息相关，每个人都会自觉或不自觉地设计自己的职业生涯之路。没有明确的职业发展规划，随波逐流，顾小利而失大方向应该是很多人前半生职业不如意的重要原因，而同样有很多后来居上的传奇经历也告诉我们职业生涯是可以规划和改变的。因此，我们每个人都应该高度重视并有效设计与管理自己的职业生涯。

In recent years, with the acceleration of urbanization, construction land has become more and more scarce. With the development of urbanization, more people are transferred to large cities, which increases the overall demand for construction land. If architectural designers blindly increase the total building area of the city and increase the energy consumption per unit area, it will deviate from the idea of green environmental protection, and it is also not conducive to the improvement of the comprehensive level of the construction industry. Compared with traditional buildings, green buildings, from the comprehensive consideration of energy saving, low-carbon, environmental protection and other aspects, provide people with healthy, applicable and efficient use space, achieve harmonious coexistence with nature, in essence, keep in line with the concept of environmental protection, and are conducive to the implementation of the fundamental goal of emission reduction and energy conservation, and green buildings are the concrete embodiment of the concept of sustainable development in architecture. At present, both design and technology of green buildings are used more and more widely in the construction industry. They not only further improve the defects of modern buildings in environmental protection, but also reflect the new requirements of the continuous development of the social era for buildings.

   This book is divided into six chapters. It conducted a detailed analysis and elaboration from the design and technical point of view of green building, found that there are various problems, and put forward the corresponding suggestions, measures and methods, so as to contribute to the development of China’s construction industry.

前 言

近些年来，城市化进程逐步加快，建筑用地也变得更加紧缺。在城市化的推进下，更多人口转移至大型城市，因此也增加了建筑用地的整体需要。建筑设计人员如果盲目增加城市的总建筑面积，增加单位面积的能耗，那么将会背离绿色环保的思想理念，同时也不利于建筑业综合水准的提高。相比于传统建筑，绿色建筑从节能、低碳、环保等方面的综合考虑，为人们提供健康、适用、高效的使用空间，做到与自然的和谐共生，在本质上符合了环保理念，有利于落实减排与节能的根本目标，是可持续发展理念在建筑方面的具体体现。目前，绿色建筑不管是设计还是技术，在建筑行业运用越来越广泛，它们不仅进一步完善了现代建筑在环境保护方面的缺陷，更体现出社会时代的不断发展对于建筑的新要求。
       本书分为六个章节，从设计和技术角度对绿色建筑进行了详细的分析与阐述，发现其中存在的各种问题，并提出了相应的建议、措施和方法，从而为中国建筑行业发展贡献一份力量。

Mineral resources are an important material basis for China’s economic and social development. Mining industry is an important basic industry in China. The protection and rational development and utilization of mineral resources are related to the overall situation of national modernization.
   Engineering blasting plays an important and irreplaceable role in the national economic construction, and is an important technical means for the development and utilization of mineral resources. The quality of mine blasting is not only related to the quality of blasting technical and economic indicators, but also has a vital impact on the subsequent processes of mining, such as shoveling, loading and transportation, crushing and grinding of mineral processing.
   With the rapid development of the new generation of information technology and computer technology, the ancient blasting industry ushered in vitality, promoted the blasting technology research into a higher level, and made outstanding contributions to the engineering blasting of large open-pit mines.

前 言

矿产资源是我国经济社会发展的重要物质基础，矿业是我国重要的基础产业， 矿产资源保护与合理开发利用事关国家现代化建设全局。
        工程爆破在国民经济建设中发挥着重要且不可替代的作用，是矿产资源开发利用的重要技术手段。矿山爆破的质量不仅关系到爆破技术经济指标的优劣，也对采矿的铲、装、运，选矿的破碎、磨矿等后续工序有着至关重要的影响。
        随着新一代信息技术和计算机技术的迅猛发展，古老的爆破行业迎来了勃勃生机， 推动了爆破技术研究步入更高的层次， 为大型露天矿山工程爆破做出了突出贡献。

Vigorously developing transportation is an important guarantee to accelerate the realization of China’s modernization. Modern transportation in all directions plays an important role in strengthening the unity of the people of all ethnic groups, developing the national economy, promoting cultural exchanges and consolidating national defense. In the construction of highway, railway, urban and rural road traffic and water conservancy, in order to cross various obstacles (such as rivers, valleys or other lines), it is necessary to build various types of roads, bridges or culverts, so road and bridge has become an important part of land transportation. Especially in the construction of modern high-grade highway and urban viaduct, highway bridge is not only very large in scale, but also the key to ensure the early opening of the whole line. In the construction of national defense, highway bridge is the key point of transportation, which plays a very important role in the modern war which needs high speed and mobility.
   Since the 1990s, with the progress of science and technology, the improvement of industrial level and the rapid development of social productivity, people put forward higher requirements for highway and bridge construction. The overpasses, viaducts and urban viaducts moving back and forth on modern expressways, gulf and strait bridges with tens of kilometers, newly developed suburban high-speed railway bridges and light rail transportation viaducts are not only large-scale engineering entities, but also like a rainbow on the ground, making the city extraordinarily beautiful. Throughout the world’s major cities, often with the majestic bridge as the symbol and pride of the city. Highway and bridge construction is not only an important engineering entity on the traffic line, but also exists in the society as a kind of space art structure.

前 言 

大力发展交通运输事业是加速实现我国现代化的重要保证。四通八达的现代交通，对于加强全国各族人民的团结，发展国民经济，促进文化交流和巩固国防等都具有非常重要的作用。在公路、铁路、城市和农村道路交通及水利等建设中，为了跨越各种障碍（如河流、沟谷或其他线路等）必须修建各种类型的公路、桥梁或涵洞，故路桥已成为陆路交通的重要组成部分。特别是在现代高等级公路及城市高架道路的修建中，公路桥梁不仅在工程规模上十分巨大，还往往是保证全线早日通车的关键。在国防建设上，公路桥梁是交通运输的咽喉，在需要高度快速、机动的现代战争中具有非常重要的地位。
      20 世纪 90 年代以来，随着科学技术的进步，工业水平的提高，社会生产力的高速发展，人们对公路桥梁建筑提出了更高的要求。现代高速公路上迁回交叉的立交桥、高架桥和城市高架道路，数十千米的海湾和海峡大桥，新发展的城郊高速铁路桥与轻轨运输高架桥等不但是规模巨大的工程实体，而且犹如一条地上彩虹，将城市装扮得格外美丽。 纵观世界各大城市， 常以雄伟的大桥作为城市的标志与骄傲。公路桥梁建筑已不单纯作为交通线上的重要工程实体，还常作为一种空间艺术结构存在于社会之中。