At present, there is no standard definition of nursing concept. With the reform and opening up, great progress has been made in nursing science in China, and the understanding of nursing science has been gradually improved. In 1981, Pei-Yuan Zhou, a famous scholar in China, said, “nursing is an independent discipline, closely related to medical treatment, complementary and complementary to each other.” Nursing expert, Ju-Ying Lin, said, “nursing is an emerging independent discipline, nursing theory gradually formed its own system, and it has its own independent theory and theory and has a clear responsibility to serve the people.”
   With the development of society and the improvement of human living standard, the tasks and objectives of nursing have changed profoundly. The International Law of Nurse Ethics revised in June 1965 stipulates that the rights and obligations of nurses are to protect life, relieve pain and promote health; the only task of nurses is to help patients recover and help healthy people improve their health.
   In the 21st century, the strategy of health development has turned to “health for all”, which marks a significant change in the strategic objectives of health work in the world, that is, from the traditional goal of disease prevention and treatment to the modern goal of improving health and improving people’s health quality. The so-called “health for all” means that all people in the world can achieve the social and economic effective quality of life and quality of life, and keep in good physical, psychological and social conditions. “Health for all” is a constant ideal for the development of human social health, which requires that the concept, method and technology of health care must be constantly updated to make unremitting efforts to realize the ideal.

前 言

目前，护理学概念尚无公认的标准定义。随着改革开放，我国护理学有了很大进展，对护理学的认识逐步提高。 1981 年，我国著名学者周培源说：“护理学是一门独立的学科，与医疗有密切的联系，相辅相成，相得益彰。”护理专家林菊英说：“护理学是一门新兴的独立学科， 护理理论逐渐自成体系， 有其独立的学说和理论，有明确的为人民服务的职责。”
      随着社会的发展和人类生活水平的提高， 护理学的任务和目标已发生深刻的变化。1965 年 6 月修订的《护士伦理国际法》中规定：护士的权利与义务是保护生命，减轻痛苦，促进健康；护士的唯一任务是帮助患者恢复健康，帮助健康人提高健康水平。
       进入 21 世纪，卫生发展的战略转向“人人健康”，这一战略的提出标志着在全球范围内卫生工作战略目标的重大变化，即从防病治病的传统目标转向增进健康、提高人的健康素质的现代目标。所谓“人人健康”，是指使世界上所有人都能达到在社会上和经济上卓有成效的生活质量和生命质量，保持生理、心理和社会方面的完好状态。“人人健康”是一个人类社会卫生发展的永恒理想，要求卫生保健工作必须不断更新观念、方法和技术，为实现理想坚持不懈地努力。

With the increasing popularity of means of transportations, the rate of traffic accidents has come to a significant increase, plus all kinds of fall injury as well as injuries by heavy crashing objects, resulted in an ever-increasing wounded patients. At the same time, the continuous emergence of new theories, new technologies and the transformation of medical models have enriched the content of traumatic orthopedics. Traumatology orthopedics is a basic discipline in the field of orthopedics, and fracture is the most common clinical problem faced by orthopedic trauma surgeons. Most traumas belong to the category of emergency department, and making orthopedic surgeons in the front line face severe tests and challenges quite often, because the correctness of diagnosis and treatment is closely related to the prognosis. However, the amount of information involved in clinical examination is very large, even for senior orthopedic doctors with a lot of experience. It is difficult for them to deal with various diseases in a timely, comprehensive and accurate manner based on memory alone.

前 言

随着交通工具的普遍流行，接踵而来的交通事故发生率迅速攀升，加之各种高处坠落伤、重物砸伤等事例的发生，使得创伤患者的数量也日益增多，同时新理论、新技术的不断涌现和医学模式的转变使创伤骨科学的内容不断丰富。创伤骨科是骨科领域的基础学科，而骨折是创伤骨科医生最常面对的临床问题。大多数创伤属于急诊范畴，常常使处于一线的骨科医生面临严峻的考验和挑战，因为诊疗的正确与否与预后密切相关。然而，临床检诊涉及的信息量很大，即使对于高年资的骨科医师。仅凭记忆也很难做到及时、全面、准确地处理各种疾患。

China has a vast territory and complex geological conditions of coal seams. Coal mining is usually carried out under harsh and complex conditions. With the increase of mining depth, the mining difficulty increases. The traditional mine electrical equipment has been unable to meet the needs of the current coal mine production, so it is imperative to develop the mine intelligent electrical equipment with the characteristics of safety, intelligence, green and high efficiency.
   This book summarizes the author’s research results for many years, and discusses the intelligent principles and design methods of electrical equipment in mine environment, and strives to achieve both advanced and practical principle. There are 12 chapters in the book, which can be roughly divided into two parts: first, Chapter 1-6 can be regarded as the first part, and the main contents of the first part introduces the basic equipment in the process of modern mining, including excavation, transportation, drainage, etc; Chapter 7-12 discusses the research background of mine intelligent electrical appliances, the problems existing in mine electrical equipment, and the main research contents and development trend of mine intelligent electrical appliances; discusses the composition and particularity of mine power supply system and substations at all levels, and expounds the structural characteristics, working principles and functional requirements of intelligent design of typical mining electrical equipment; studies the basic principle and design method of intelligent mine electrical equipment, including mine sensors, hardware of mine intelligent electrical appliances, etc; and the series fault arc of mine electrical connector and its detection method are explained in detail.

前 言

我国地域辽阔、煤层地质条件复杂，煤炭开采通常在环境恶劣、复杂多变的条件下进行，随着开采深度的增加，开采难度增大。传统矿用电气设备已无法满足当前煤矿生产的需求，研发具有安全智能、绿色高效等特点的矿山智能电气设备势在必行。
        本书总结了作者多年的相关研究成果，论述了矿山环境下电气设备的智能化原理与设计方法， 力求做到先进性和实用性并重。 全书共 12 章， 大致可分为两大部分：首先， 1~6 章可作为第一部分，而第一部分的主要内容介绍了现代矿山开采过程中的基础设备，包含采掘、运输、排水等； 7~12 章论述了矿山智能电器的研究背景、目前矿山电气设备存在的问题，以及矿山智能电器的主要研究内容和发展趋势；讨论了矿山供电系统和各级变电所的组成及其特殊性，阐述了典型矿用电气设备的结构特点、工作原理及其智能化设计的功能需求；研究了矿山电气设备智能化的基本原理和设计方法，包括矿用传感器，矿山智能电器的硬件等；并对矿用电连接器串联故障电弧及其检测方法进行了详细的阐释。

The development and utilization of mineral resources have a huge boost to the progress of human civilization. The use of stoneware, pottery, bronze, iron, fossil energy and non-energy minerals has made great contributions to the stepped development of mankind from primitive society, slave society, feudal society, capitalist society, and socialist society. However, since the industrial society, the development and utilization of mineral resources has greatly accelerated the process of industrial revolution and modernization, but has also brought serious negative effects on the ecological environment on which mankind depends on. This has become a double-edged sword for human sustainable development.
   Mines are the severely afflicted areas for environmental protection in our country, and also areas where environmental protection work is relatively weak. At present, mining environmental problems are becoming more and more prominent, seriously affecting and restricting the sustainable development of the mining industry itself and the entire national economy. The lagging and long-term effects of the rise and fall of mining in the economic crisis have been recognized by the public. Mine environmental issues have attracted the attention of the State Council, the Ministry of Environmental Protection, and the Ministry of Land and Resources and other relevant ministries and commissions. A series of laws and regulations have been promulgated successively.
   Our country has raised the major strategy of ecological civilization construction to an unprecedented height. How to comprehensively coordinate the development and management of mineral resources based on the concept of ecological civilization, how to better play the decisive role of the market in resource allocation, and how to shift from access management to full-process supervisory services are the fundamental issues for China to resolve in order to develop from a major mining country to a powerful mining country.

前 言

矿产资源的开发利用对人类文明进程具有巨大的推进作用。石器、陶器、青铜器、铁器、化石能源与非能源矿产的使用对于促进人类从原始社会、奴隶社会、封建社会、资本主义社会、社会主义社会的阶梯式发展都做出了巨大贡献。但工业社会以来，矿产资源开发利用在大大加快工业革命和现代化进程的同时，也对人类赖以生存的生态环境带来严重的负面影响，成为人类可持续发展的双刃剑。
        矿山是我国环境保护的重灾区，也是环境保护工作相对薄弱的领域。目前，矿山环境问题越来越突出，严重影响和制约着矿业自身乃至整个国民经济的可持续发展。矿业兴衰在经济危机中表现出的影响滞后性和影响长远性已被人们所认识。矿山环境问题已引起国务院和环境保护部、国土资源部等相关部委的高度重视，相继颁布了一系列的法律、法规和规定。
       国家将生态文明建设重大战略提到了前所未有的高度。如何以生态文明理念全面统筹矿产资源开发管理，如何更好地发挥市场在资源配置中的决定性作用，如何从准入管理为主转向全流程的监管服务，是中国从矿业大国走向矿业强国必须解决的基础性问题。

The latest report of the World Health Organization shows that mental illness is showing a significant upward trend worldwide. About 154 million people worldwide suffer from depression, and 25 million suffer from schizophrenia. In addition, 50 million people suffer from epilepsy and 24 million suffer from dementia. At present, mental health has become a prominent social problem. Mental illness is a very common phenomenon in all countries in the world. People who are not mentally healthy are easily isolated by society, their quality of life decreases, and the suicide rate is higher. It is reported that the main reasons leading to the high incidence of mental illness include marital problems, rising unemployment, and cultural conflicts. In line with this, in recent years, the mental health movement has quietly risen around the world. Taking the United States as an example, since the rise of the mental health movement, today, 10 to 15 million people have participated in the movement, and various mental health activity groups have reached 750,000. In 1948, when the World Health Organization (WHO) was founded, in its charter, health was defined as: “Health is a state of well-being physical, psychological, and social adaptation, not just the absence of disease and weakness. status.”
   At present, the concept of a globalized healthy community is quite popular. The World Health Organization (WHO) not only needs health care services for health, but also requires clean air, water, safe communities, green grasslands, good housing and other material and social environments. In order to explore the practical model of creating a healthy community in China, to ensure and promote “health for all”, “mental hygiene” is more needed, and to explore the reality of China to create a healthy community to ensure and promote “health for all”, what is more needed is “ Mental health”. To do a good job in the prevention, medical treatment and rehabilitation of patients with mental health diseases, and to improve medical consultation and publicity for mental health, it is necessary to understand the preventive measures for everyone’s health from different ages and different groups to cultivate public health.

前 言

世界卫生组织最新报告显示，精神疾病在世界范围内正呈显著上升趋势。全世界共有约 1.54 亿人饱受抑郁症的困扰， 2500 万人患有精神分裂症。另外，有 5000万人患有癫痫， 2400 万人患有痴呆症。目前，精神卫生已经成为一个突出的社会问题。精神疾病在世界各国都是十分普遍的现象，精神上不够健康的人群容易被社会孤立，生活质量下降，自杀率更高。据悉，导致精神疾病高发的原因主要包括婚姻问题、失业率上升、文化冲突等。与此相适应的是，近些年来，心理健康运动已在全球悄然兴起。 以美国为例， 自心理健康运动的兴起到蓬勃发展的今天， 已经有 1000万至 1500 万人参加了这场运动，各种心理健康活动团体达到 75 万个。 1948 年，世界卫生组织（WHO）成立时在宪章中把健康定义为： “健康乃是一种生理、心理和社会适应都臻完满（well-being）的状态，而不仅仅是没有疾病和虚弱的状态。 ”
      目前全球化的健康社区概念颇为盛行，世界卫生组织(WHO)对健康不仅需要卫生保健服务，还需要有清洁的空气、水、安全的社区、绿色的草地、良好的住房等物质和社会环境。 为探索适合中国实际的创建健康社区模式， 确保和促进“人人健康”更需要的是“精神卫生”，探索中国实际的创建健康社区，确保和促进“人人健康”，更需要的是“精神卫生”。做好精神卫生疾病者的预防、医疗和康复，提高精神健康医学咨询、宣传，必须从不同年龄、不同群体了解人人健康的预防措施，培养公众健康素养。