China’s urban rail transit is facing great opportunities for development. According to preliminary statistics, more than 40 cities and thousands of kilometers of urban rail transit lines will be built and put into operation. While building urban rail transit with multi-level and line network, the concept of sustainable development has been paid more and more attention by the industry. To achieve sound and rapid development of China’s urban rail transit by adhering to economic development, clean development and safe development is also the embodiment of the overall requirements of our participants to seriously implement and vigorously promote the construction of ecological civilization, and to deeply implement the goals and tasks of energy conservation and emission reduction.

The operation cost of urban rail transit project is not only related to scientific and reasonable planning, construction and management, but also how to implement the design concept of energy conservation and emission reduction to all aspects during the construction. The energy-saving and emission reduction technology of urban rail transit engineering covers many systems and specialties, such as urban rail transit vehicles, power supply, electromechanical system and operation organization. How to systematically and reasonably implement and implement energy conservation and emission reduction design, actively consider the environmental pressure, energy crisis and other social problems brought by high energy consumption to our country, and take effective measures to give good control is the sacred mission entrusted to today’s subway builders and operators.
      In view of the limitations of the technical level and practice, if there is anything wrong with the content of this book, readers are welcome to criticize and correct it.

前 言

中国城市轨道交通正面临发展大机遇，据初步统计，将有 40 多个城市、数千公里的城市轨道交通线路将陆续建设和投运，在构建城市多层次、线网化的城市轨道交通的同时，可持续发展的理念也逐步被业界高度重视，坚持节约发展、清洁发展、安全发展来实现中国城市轨道交通又好又快发展，也是我们参与者认真贯彻、大力推进生态文明建设的总体要求，深入落实节能减排的目标和任务的体现。
       城市轨道交通项目运营成本的高低不仅与科学、合理的规划、建设、管理有关，更重要的是在建设期间如何将节能减排的设计理念贯彻到方方面面、点点滴滴，而城市轨道交通工程的节能减排技术涵盖了城市轨道交通车辆、供电、机电系统及运营组织等诸多系统和专业。如何系统性、合理性地全面落实及贯彻节能减排设计，为高能耗给我们国家带来的环境压力、能源危机等社会问题积极思考，并采取有效措施给予良好控制是这个时代赋予当今地铁建设者和运营者的神圣使命。
      鉴于技术水平及实践的局限性，本书内容如有不妥之处，敬请原谅并赐教，不胜感谢。

On October 1, 1964, with the official operation of the world’s first high-speed railways in Japan, high-speed railway opened a new era of transportation development. To be a powerful nation in transportation, railway should be placed firstly and high-speed railway is the leader. As a safe, reliable, fast and comfortable, low-carbon and environment friendly mode of transportation with large carrying capacity, high-speed railway has become the mainstream mode of transportation development in the world, leading mankind to a new era. But the safety of high-speed railway is also a hot issue. Based on the analysis of the current situation and objective situation of the safe operation of high-speed railway, this book explores the occurrence mechanism of high-speed railway traffic accidents caused by natural disasters from the concept of “dynamic tracking, situation assessment and early warning management”, establishes a natural disaster early warning system for the safe operation of high-speed railway, and provides management measures and methods for safe operation of high-speed railway under natural disasters. The natural disaster early warning system for safe operation of high-speed railway includes cross wind disaster warning system, rainfall warning system, temperature warning system, earthquake disaster warning system, geological disaster warning system, lightning warning system and other subsystems. Through the early warning system, it can improve the safety operation evaluation and early warning ability of high-speed railway under natural disasters, realize the development goals of high-speed railway safety, fast, economic, low-carbon and environmental protection, and provide theoretical basis and technical support for improving the safety situation of high-speed railway.

   With the rapid development of China’s high-speed railway, according to the medium and long-term development plan of China’s railway, by 2020, in order to meet the rapid growth of passenger transport demand, the rapid passenger transport corridor between provincial capital cities and large and medium-sized cities will be established, and the “four vertical and four horizontal” railway rapid passenger transport channels and three intercity express passenger transport systems will be planned. The construction of passenger dedicated line is more than 12000 km, and the target speed of passenger train reaches 200 km / h and above. The network effect of high-speed railway network has a great impact on the transportation pattern. Therefore, the importance of high-speed railway operation safety is self-evident. ..

前 言

1964 年 10 月 1 日，随着世界上首条高速铁路（High-Speed Railways）在日本的正式营运，高铁开启了交通发展的新时代。 “交通强国，铁路先行，高铁领头”，高速铁路作为一种安全可靠、快捷舒适、运载量大、低碳环保的运输方式，已经成为世界交通业发展的主流交通方式，引领人类走向新时代。但是高速铁路的安全问题也是大家关注的热点问题。本书在对高速铁路安全运营的现状和客观态势分析的基础上，从“动态跟踪、态势评估、预警管理”理念出发，探寻自然灾害导致高速铁路交通事故的发生机理，建立高速铁路安全运营的自然灾害预警系统，给出自然灾害下高速铁路安全运营的管理措施和方法。而高速铁路安全运营的自然灾害预警系统包含了高速铁路安全运营的横风灾害预警系统、雨量预警系统、温度预警系统、地震灾害预警系统、地质灾害预警系统、雷电预警系统等子系统。通过该预警系统，可以提高自然灾害下高速铁路安全运营评估和预警能力，实现高速铁路安全、快捷、经济、低碳、环保的发展目标，并为改善高速铁路安全状况提供理论依据与技术支撑。
       中国高速铁路的发展迅速，根据《中国铁路中长期发展规划》，到 2020 年，为满足快速增长的旅客运输需求，建立省会城市及大中城市间的快速客运通道，规划“四纵四横”铁路快速客运通道以及三个城际快速客运系统。建设客运专线 1.2 万km 以上，客车速度目标值达到每小时 200km 及以上。高速铁路网形成网络效应，对交通运输格局产生了较大影响，因此， 高速铁路运营安全的重要性不言而喻。

Water is the source of human life, and the construction of water conservancy projects, which is closely related to water resources, affects people’s life in our country in all aspects. Water resources problems have become more and more prominent with economic development. River pollution has seriously affected people’s life, and the uneven geographical distribution of water resources results in a relative shortage of water in northern and western China, which then, to a certain extent, limit the economic development of those regions. One of the major problems in the construction of water conservancy projects is how to protect the ecological environment. In order to develop the economy without harm to ecological environment, what we should do is to make every effort to reduce the negative influence of the construction of water conservancy projects and maximize the advantages. We should also promote the coordinated development of water conservancy project construction and ecological environment, so as to accelerate sustainable development and build a better socialist harmonious society.
     The book is divided into five chapters, which make detailed analysis and exposition of water conservancy project construction and environmental protection from different point of view, to find various problems in them, and puts forward corresponding suggestions, measures and methods, so as to contribute to the development of water conservancy projects and environmental protection.

前 言

水是人类的生命之源，与水资源息息相关的水利工程建设在方方面面中影响着我国国民的生活。随着经济发展，水资源问题成为越来越突出的问题。河道污染严重影响了人民生活，加之我国水资源地理分布不均匀，造成了我国北方和西方水资源相对匮乏，同时也一定程度上限制了西部和北方的经济发展。而水利工程建设面临的重大问题之一就是生态环境的保护问题，为了不以生态环境为代价发展经济，我们所要做的便是尽一切努力降低水利工程建设对生态环境所带来的负面影响，并将优势发挥到最大。促进水利工程建设与生态环境的协调发展，进一步促进可持续发展和更好的构建社会主义和谐社会。
      本书分为五个章节，从不同角度对水利工程建设、环境保护等进行了详细的分析与阐述，发现其中存在的各种问题，并提出了相应的建议、措施和方法，从而为水利工程建设发展和环境保护贡献一份力量。

In recent years, the state vigorously promotes the urbanization construction, and the investment in infrastructure construction is gradually increasing, which makes more and more municipal engineering projects appear around the city. Municipal engineering construction is different from other projects, its construction is more complex, usually the construction site is located in a more remote location, the construction technology is also more cumbersome. China’s social economy and people’s living standards are developing rapidly. In this situation, the speed of China’s urbanization process has also been unprecedentedly accelerated. Gradually, people also put forward higher and higher requirements for municipal engineering projects. In order to optimize the municipal engineering construction technology, we need to do a lot of work.
    In order to further improve the construction level of municipal engineering in China, measures should be taken to strengthen the construction technology and site management of municipal engineering to ensure the construction efficiency and quality. Based on this, this paper briefly discusses how to strengthen the construction technology and management measures of municipal engineering. In this paper, the author explored municipal engineering construction technology and management from various aspects hoping to provide some valuable reference for the improvement of municipal engineering project work.

前 言

近年来，国家大力推进城市化建设，对于基础建设的投资力度也逐渐增加，这就使得越来越多的市政工程项目出现在城市的四周。市政工程施工不同于其他的项目，其施工较为复杂，通常施工场地位于较为偏远的位置，施工技术也较为繁琐。我国社会经济及人民生活水平呈现了突飞猛进的发展势态。在这一势态下，我国城市化进程的速度也得到了空前加快。渐渐地人民对市政工程项目也提出了越来越高的要求。要想使市政工程施工技术得到全面优化，便需要做好多方面的工作。
       为进一步提升我国的市政工程施工水平，应采取措施加强市政工程施工技术及其现场管理，保证现场施工效率及施工质量，基于此，简要探讨了如何加强市政工程施工技术与管理措施。本文笔者在从多方面对市政工程施工技术与管理方面进行了探究，希望以此为市政工程项目工作的完善提供一些具有价值性的参考依据。

Human resources in each era have their own characteristics adapted to their own times. With the change of social economy and environment, human resource management has formed its own characteristics. The era is a time with human centered and the era of talent competitive advantage. Human resources constitute the basic elements of social competitive sports, and it is the primary factor of wealth formation, the indispensable factor of creating value, and the key force of economic development. Modern human resource management takes “people” as the core, regards people as “capital”, takes people as the first resource to develop, attaches importance to selecting people by things and setting things for people, so that employees can work actively and creatively, which belongs to “service center”. The starting point of management is “focusing on people”, considering the differences of people’s personality and needs, as well as the influence of the objective environment on people, to carry out work from the perspective of contingency, so as to achieve the reasonable allocation of human resources and the systematic optimization of people and things, so that enterprises can obtain the best economic and social benefits and maintain the competitive advantage of an organization.

前 言

每个时代人力资源都拥有与自己时代相适应的特点。随着社会经济的变革和环境的变化，人力资源管理也形成了自己的特点。如今的时代是以人为核心的时代，是人才竞争优势凸显的时代。人力资源构成了社会竞技运动的基础性要件，是形成财富的首要因素，是创造价值不可或缺的因素，是发展经济的关键力量。现代人力资源管理以“人”为核心，视人为“资本”，把人作为第一资源加以开发，既重视以事择人，也重视为人设事，让员工积极主动地、创造性地开展工作，属“服务中心”，管理出发点是“着眼于人”，考虑人的个性、需求的差异，又考虑客观环境对人的影响，用权变的观点开展工作，从而达到人力资源合理配置、人与事的系统优化，使企业取得最佳的经济和社会效益，起着维持一个组织的竞争优势的作用。