This book starts from the common symptoms of obstetrics and gynecology diseases, and classifies them according to clinical symptoms, briefly describes the basic theoretical knowledge of obstetrics and gynecology, and introduces in detail the common clinical diseases such as chronic pelvic inflammatory disease, female genital tumor, endometriosis, threatened abortion, ectopic pregnancy, postpartum hemorrhage, neonatal jaundice, etc. This book basically covers the common and multiple infectious diseases, especially the diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases in obstetrics and gynecology. This book includes the new progress of obstetrics and gynecology nursing, including female reproductive organ inflammation, tumor, gynecological endocrine diseases and other common diseases, pregnancy complications, pregnancy and delivery abnormalities, prenatal screening diagnosis, postpartum and puerperal abnormalities, obstetric critical emergency rescue and perinatal abnormalities, etc.

前 言

本书从妇产科疾病常见症状开始，按临床症状进行分类，简述了妇产科基础理论知识，并详细介绍了慢性盆腔炎、女性生殖器肿瘤、子宫内膜异位、先兆流产、异位妊娠、产后出血、新生儿黄疸等临床常见疾病。本书基本涵盖了本专业常见及多发感染性疾病，特别是对妇产科感染性诊治及治疗方法做了深入的论述，还包括对妇产科护理的新进展进行了详细阐述，包括女性生殖器官炎症、肿瘤，妇科内分泌疾病及其他常见病，妊娠并发症、妊娠期及分娩期异常、产前筛查诊断、产后与产褥期异常、产科危重急症抢救及围生儿异常等的护理内容。

Geological environment generally refers to the comprehensive geological body composed of the earth’s surface rock, soil and groundwater, which is the carrier of land resources and human engineering economic activities. At present, the disturbance of economic construction and resource development to the geological environment is increasingly strong, and the geological environment problem is more and more prominent. Although geological environment monitoring has achieved some results in the past 10 years, it still can not meet the needs of social and economic development and people’s safe life. Especially in the construction of geological environment monitoring system, there are some problems to be solved.

Generally speaking, “environment” refers to people’s surroundings and related things. But for different objects and disciplines, the content of environment is also different. For example, in biology, the environment refers to the climate, ecosystem, surrounding groups and other populations around an organism. For architecture, environment refers to indoor conditions and landscape conditions around buildings. For geology, environment refers to the groundwater, natural gas, oil, soil and rock on the surface of the earth. This kind of geological environment is called “geological environment”. It is the carrier of land, mineral, forest, ocean and other land resources, and it is an important part of the natural environment.
  China is in a period of rapid economic growth. The relative shortage of cultivated land, fresh water, energy and important mineral resources that restrict economic and social development will make the contradiction between economic development and geological environment protection more prominent. The problems of land occupation and destruction,groundwater overdraft, water and soil pollution, frequent geological disasters will exist for a long time. Geological environment monitoring work will bear more important responsibility, it is the “eye” of land resources development and geological environment protection. Therefore, it is very necessary and urgent to improve the geological environment monitoring system as soon as possible and enhance the service ability of geological environment monitoring results for land resources development and utilization and geological environment protection.

前 言

地质环境一般是指地球表层岩石、土壤以及地下水等组成的综合地质体，它是国土资源和人类工程经济活动的承载体。当前，我国经济建设与资源开发对地质环境的扰动日益强烈， 地质环境问题愈加突出。 虽然地质环境监测工作在近 10 年取得一些成效，但仍然不能满足社会经济发展和人民安全生活的需求，特别是在地质环境监测体系建设方面存在一些亟待解决的问题。
       一般地讲，“环境”是指人们所处的周围地方与有关事物。但对不同的对象和学科来说，环境所包含的内容也不相同。例如对生物学来说，环境是指生物周围的气候、生态系统、周围群体和其他种群。对建筑学来说，环境是指室内条件和建筑物周围的景观条件。对地质学来说，环境是指地球表层的地下水、天然气、石油、土壤和岩石等。针对地质学的这种环境称为“地质环境”，它是土地、矿产、森林、海洋等各类国土资源的承载体，是自然环境的重要组成部分。
       我国正处于经济高速增长期，制约经济社会发展的耕地、淡水、能源和重要矿产资源相对不足，将会使经济建设发展与地质环境保护的矛盾更加突出，矿区土地占用与破坏、地下水超采、水土污染、地质灾害频发等问题将长期存在。地质环境监测工作将会承担更重要的责任，它是国土资源开发与地质环境保护的“眼睛”。所以尽快健全完善地质环境监测体系，提升地质环境监测成果为国土资源开发利用与地质环境保护的服务能力是非常必要和非常紧迫的。 

Wang Yang, member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and vice premier of the State Council, stressed that all ministries and commissions of the State Council and Xinjiang should deeply study the agricultural water saving work in southern Xinjiang to ensure that the goal of poverty alleviation in southern Xinjiang can be achieved on schedule.
      In order to implement the important deployment requirements of vice premier Wang Yang, in November 2016 and February 2017, the central Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Water Resources and the Ministry of Agriculture came to Xinjiang twice to carry out research. Leaders of relevant departments of the autonomous region went to Jiashi County to carry out field research, and communicated and exchanged opinions on relevant issues in the agricultural water-saving pilot work in southern Xinjiang.
      In order to ensure the long-term effectiveness of the project, we can establish farmers’ water users association, well power dual control service team, agricultural efficient water-saving operation management company, agricultural cooperatives, machinery cooperatives, new agricultural business entities, etc. to participate in the operation and management, form a diversified operation and management system and mechanism, and ensure the long-term role of the project.

   The development of China’s water conservancy construction requires us to seriously sum up the past experience and lessons. The development of agricultural water-saving projects in southern Xinjiang can provide rich experience for China’s water conservancy construction work and help us find a new way of water conservancy and hydropower project construction suitable for China’s national conditions.

前 言

中共中央政治局委员、国务院副总理汪洋在研究部署新疆南疆脱贫攻坚工作时强调，国务院各部委和新疆方面要深入研究南疆的农业节水工作，确保新疆南疆如期实现脱贫攻坚目标。
      为了贯彻落实汪洋副总理重要部署要求， 2016 年 11 月、 2017 年 2 月中央财政部会同水利部、农业部先后两次来疆开展调研，自治区相关部门领导到伽师县开展实地调研，就南疆农业节水试点工作中的有关问题进行沟通、交换意见。
      为了保证项目实施后能长期发挥其功效，可建立农民用水者协会、井电双控服务队、农业高效节水运行管理公司、农业合作社、机械合作社、新型农业经营主体等，参与经营管护，形成多样化运行管护体制机制，保证工程长期发挥作用。
      我国水利建设事业的发展要求我们必须认真总结过去的经验和教训，南疆农业节水项目的开展，可以为我国水利建设工作提供丰富的经验，有利于走出一条适合我国国情的水利水电工程建设新路。

With the rapid development of national economy, the application of national roads and bridges is gradually increasing, and the construction quality of roads and bridges is also greatly improved. The innovation and application of detection technology improve the quality control. The effective detection of construction quality and construction materials is of great significance to the quality detection and later acceptance during the construction period, and helps to improve the quality and level of road and bridge quality detection and ensure the quality of road and bridge.
  The construction quality of roads and bridges is not only related to the development of transportation, but also related to the development of local economy. At present, most of the roads and bridges in our country have some quality problems. If these quality problems can not be found in time, and take effective measures to solve them in time, it will inevitably have adverse effects on traffic. In the construction of roads and bridges, the use of quality detection technology can effectively solve the problem, and can find the problem in time. According to different quality problems, corresponding solutions are .formulated. The detection technology is mainly used to detect whether the indexes and parameters meet the standards in the construction process.
  Roads and bridges play a very important role in the whole field of transportation, which not only affects the safety of people’s travel, but also affects the economic development. In the construction process of roads and bridges, due to the influence of many factors, there are many quality problems in roads and bridges, which not only directly affect the traffic safety of roads and bridges, but also shorten their service life, threaten the safety of people’s lives and property, and restrict the speed of economic development. Therefore, in the process of road and bridge construction, according to the actual situation of road and bridge engineering, the more reasonable quality detection technology is adopted to ensure that the quality problems can be found in time, and effective measures are taken to solve them, so as to improve the construction quality and level of road and Bridge, and ensure the safety and reliability of its traffic.

前 言

随着国家经济快速发展，国家道路和桥梁的应用逐渐增加，随之对道路和桥梁的施工质量重视程度也大幅提升。检测技术的创新与应用提高了质量控制，对施工质量与施工材料进行有效检测， 对施工期间的质量检测与后期验收都有着重要意义，并且有助于提高道路桥梁质量检测的质量和水平，保障道路桥梁的质量。
       道路与桥梁的施工质量，不仅关系着交通运输领域的发展，也关系着地方经济的发展。目前我国的道路与桥梁，大部分都存在一定的质量问题，如果这些质量问题不能被及时的发现，并采取有效的措施及时进行解决，必然会对交通通行产生不良的影响。而在道路与桥梁的施工中，采用质量检测技术，可以有效的对该问题进行解决。可以及时的发现问题的所在，根据不同的质量问题，制定相应的解决方案。 检测技术主要是用于检测在施工过程中， 各项指标及参数是否符合标准的重要方法。
      道路与桥梁在整个的交通领域，有着非常重要的作用，不仅影响着人们出行的安全性，也影响着经济的发展。道路桥梁在施工过程中，由于受到诸多因素的影响，导致道路与桥梁存在众多的质量问题，直接影响了道路与桥梁通行安全性的同时也缩短了其使用寿命， 同时也威胁着人们的生命财产的安全、 制约着经济的发展速度。因此在道路与桥梁的施工过程中，根据道路与桥梁工程的实际情况，采用较为合理的质量检测技术，保障能够及时的发现质量问题，采取有效的措施进行解决，提高道路与桥梁的施工质量及水平，保障其通行的安全性及可靠性。

With the rapid development of traffic in China, the traffic engineering environment becomes more and more complex, and the traffic engineering safety has been paid more and more attention by the society. In the actual design of traffic engineering safety facilities, it is necessary to comprehensively and reasonably design the markings, signs, contour marks and guardrails, fully consider the road conditions and the surrounding environment, and truly reflect the concept of “harmonious traffic” .At the same time, due to the development of China’s road traffic, the increase and diversification of vehicles, the incidence of traffic accidents has become an upward trend. Traffic accidents not only cause a large number of casualties and property losses, but also bring misfortune to countless families and seriously affect the stability of society. Therefore, the prevention and reduction of traffic accidents is the main task of traffic departments and traffic designers in various countries.

  The safety facilities of traffic engineering is an important part of the traffic system, which is related to the overall quality of the whole traffic engineering, pedestrian safety, and the smooth realization of harmonious traffic. Practice has proved that the design and construction of scientific and perfect traffic engineering safety facilities can ensure the driving efficiency, safety and comfort to a great extent, and realize the high quality and high benefit of road operation. Therefore, traffic designers and constructors should realize the important role of traffic safety facilities, integrate them into the construction process of traffic engineering, and realize the goal of harmonious traffic as soon as possible.

前 言

随着我国交通事业的日新月异，交通工程环境变得日趋复杂，交通工程安全问题受到了社会越来越多的关注，在实际的交通工程安全设施的设计中要对标线、标志、轮廓标以及护栏进行全面合理地设计，充分考虑道路本身状况及周围的环境，真正体现“和谐交通”的理念；同时，我国社会和道路交通事业的发展，交通工具的增加以及多样化，交通事故的发生率成上升趋势。由于交通事故的发生不仅造成大量的人员伤亡，财产的损失，还给无数家庭带来了不幸，严重的影响了社会的稳定。因此，预防和减少交通安全事故，是各国交通部门以及交通设计者的主要任务。
       交通工程的安全设施是交通系统的重要组成部分，关系到整个交通工程的整体质量、行人安全，也关系到和谐交通能否顺利实现。实践证明，科学、完善的交通工程安全设施的设计与施工能从很大程度上保证行车高效、安全、舒适，实现道路运营的高质量、高效益。因此，交通设计和施工人员应该认识到交通安全设施所发挥的重要作用，在交通工程施工过程中将其融入，早日实现和谐交通的目标。