When there is any accident or emergency, how to use the on-site materials to temporarily properly, perform preliminary rescue, care for the injured and sick according to the principles of medical care before the medical staff arrives, and then rush to the hospital is the overarching issue which health care practitioners need to consider when facing emergencies and acute illnesses It is also the original intention of this book.

This book consists of 11 chapters. It contains basic theoretical knowledge such as introduction, first aid, and nursing, as well as pre-hospital emergency, cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation, shock, traumatic rescue, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, physio-chemical, the clinical emergency knowledge and nursing skills of specific acute illness and emergency, such as the emergency treatment of emergency patients, common acute critical care, and common acute critical care.The book is a combination of theory and practice and it is a reference book which is suitable for practical first aid and nursing.

前言

当有任何意外或急病发生时，如何在医护人员到达前，按医学护理的原则，利用现场适用物资临时且适当地为伤病者进行的初步救援及护理，然后从速送往医院，是我们事发现场医护从业人员在面临突发状况与急症疾病时所需考虑的首要问题，也是本书创作的初衷所在。

本书共11章，书中既有绪论、急救基础、护理基础等基础理论知识，又有如院前急救、心搏骤停与心肺脑复苏、休克、创伤救护、多器官功能障碍综合征、理化因素急症病人的救护处理、常见急危重症救护、常见急危重症救护等具体急病急症的临床急救知识与护理技能，是一本理论与实际相结合，且贴合实际应用的急救与护理方面的工具书。

The environment is a space for human survival, and good ecological indicators need to be maintained in order to meet human survival and development. Through good and scientific environmental monitoring, we can timely grasp the trends of pollution around us, and through feasibility analysis, we can form pollution prevention plans to avoid environmental degradation and endanger human survival and development. Environmental monitoring is an important part of environmental protection. The environment is evaluated and analyzed, and objective scientific basis is provided according to the quality status to ensure that the environment meets the needs of survival. In the process of environmental monitoring, it is necessary to comprehensively ensure that all types of data are representative, accurate, precise, comparable, and complete. Only good data can accurately measure the environment. Rational use of scientific environmental restoration technology can create a better environment for humankind.

This book will discuss environmental monitoring technology, air environment monitoring, water quality environment monitoring, environmental noise monitoring, environmental biological monitoring, solid waste monitoring, environmental remediation methods, and the repair of different environmental problems.

前言

环境是人类生存的空间，需要保持良好的生态指标，才能满足人类生存与发展。通过良好科学的环境监测，能够及时掌握好身边污染动向，并通过可行性分析，形成预防污染预案，避免环境出现恶化，危害人类生存与发展，环境监测是环境保护工作重要内容，通过监测全面对环境进行评价分析，根据质量状况提供客观科学依据，确保环境符合生存需要。进行环境监测过程中，需要全面确保各类数据具备代表性、准确性、精密性、可比性和完整性，只有良好的数据，才能够精准衡量环境。并合理地运用科学的环境修复技术为人类制造更加美好的环境空间。

       本书将对环境监测技术、空气环境监测、水质环境监测、环境噪声监测、环境生物监测、固体废弃物的监测、环境修复方法、不同环境问题的修复等方面进行论述。

Transportation is the basic and leading industry of the national economy. The development level of this industry is extremely important to the development of the national economy. With the rapid development of the world economy, China's national economy has also been greatly improved. In the past, transportation has changed from a single mode of transport to a common development of multiple modes of transport, making the development of transportation more diversified. The level of transportation development has also improved. As an important part of economic development, transportation cannot be ignored. After China's reform and opening up, industrial and agricultural production has developed rapidly, and the economic foundation has been increasingly strengthened. With the acceleration of urbanization and economic development, various road and bridge transportation projects have also sprung up. This requires our roads and bridges and transportation. Engineering design, construction, management technology and theoretical knowledge can keep pace with the times and achieve systematic and substantial breakthroughs.

This book is divided into eight chapters, including sustainable development of road engineering, road engineering design, road construction and management, bridge engineering, bridge construction management, road and bridge engineering maintenance, traffic engineering and traffic facility engineering. Among them, a lot of space is used to explain road and bridge engineering, especially the design and construction management of road engineering. The reason that only the last two chapters separately explain transportation facility engineering and its sustainable development concept is that road and bridge engineering itself is actually part of traffic engineering. Therefore, I will not repeat them here.

In the face of the ever-changing project construction reality, this book has put forward in some chapters some of the problems we are facing and the reasons for their existence, and put forward related measures and reflections, hoping to provide a reference for the majority of road and bridge and traffic workers This is why we wrote the book Roads and Bridges and Traffic Engineering. Because the book is relatively cumbersome, the format, depth, and breadth of the chapters may not be consistent, and errors are unavoidable. Readers can criticize and correct it.

前言 

交通运输是国民经济的基础性、先导性产业，该产业的发展水平与国民经济的发展有着极为重要的联系。随着世界经济的高速发展，我国的国民经济也同样得到了较大的提高，在交通运输上由过去单一的交通工具，变成多种交通工具的共同发展，使得交通运输的发展更加多样化，交通运输的发展水平也有所提高。作为经济发展的重要一环，交通运输不容忽视。而我国在改革开放后，工农业生产迅速发展，经济基础日益增强，随着城市化进程以及经济发展的加快，各类路桥交通工程也如雨后春笋般建设起来，这就要求我们的道路桥梁与交通工程的设计、施工、管理技术与理论知识能够与时俱进，取得系统地、实质性地突破。

本书分为八个章节，内容包括道路工程、道路工程设计、道路施工与管理、桥梁工程、桥梁施工管理、道路桥梁工程养护、交通工程与交通设施工程的可持续发展。其中用大量篇幅来阐述路桥工程，尤其是道路工程的设计与施工管理，只在最后两章分别阐述交通设施工程及其可持续发展理念的原因在于，路桥工程本身其实也算交通工程的一部分，因此这里也就不再赘述。

面对日新月异的工程项目建设实际，这本书在各章节中都有提出一些我们正面临的问题及其存在的原因，并提出了相关措施和思考，希望可以为广大路桥及交通工作者提供参考，这也是我们编写《道路桥梁与交通工程》这本书的用意所在。由于本书涉及知识较烦琐，各章节内容的格式、深度和广度可能并不一致，且谬误无可避免，敬请广大读者批评指正。

Management is the product of human society's collaborative labor and common life. It is accompanied by the production and public life of human society. Management is the sum of planning, organization, leadership, and control activities performed by managers in order to effectively mobilize and use various resources to form organizational goals under certain circumstances and conditions. However, with the rapid development of the social economy and the constant changes in the international situation, the development of enterprises needs to consider more and more new requirements. In the daily operation of an enterprise, business management is an important part of it and plays an important role in the development of the enterprise. Therefore, in the new situation, in-depth study of the development of business management is of great significance to explore its future development direction. In the current business management of enterprises, the lack of information management awareness will gradually fall behind and be eliminated in the increasingly fierce market competition, so it is particularly important to explore the future development direction of business management and study new management models.

This book will elaborate on management review, business management innovation, business management information, visual analysis of the frontiers of the evolution of business management disciplines, and market-oriented business management O2O service models.

前言

管理是人类社会协作劳动和共同生活的产物，是人类社会的生产和公共生活相伴而生的。管理就是管理者在一定的环境和条件下，为了有效动员和运用各种资源从而形成组织目标而进行的计划、组织、领导和控制等项活动的总和。然而随着社会经济的快速发展，国际形势的不断变化，企业的发展需要考虑越来越多新的要求。在企业日常运行中，工商管理是其重要的组成部分，在企业发展中有着重要的地位。所以新形势下，深入研究工商管理的发展，对于探索其未来进一步的发展方向有着重要的意义。在当前所述企业工商管理落后，缺乏信息管理意识，在日益激烈的市场竞争中会逐渐落后并被淘汰，所以探索工商管理的未来发展方向，研究新的管理模式，显得尤为重要。

本书将对管理学综述、企业管理创新、企业管理信息化、工商管理学科演进前沿热点的可视化分析、面向市场主体的工商管理O2O服务模式等方面进行一定的阐述。

Culture is the bloodline and spiritual home of a nation. Nowadays, cultural status and role are more obvious. It is an important source of national cohesion and creativity, an important factor of comprehensive competitiveness, and an important support for economic development. With the continuous development of economic globalization and modernization of science and technology, the competition among various ethnic groups is not only a competition of science and technology and economy, but also a competition of culture. The role of cultural soft power has become increasingly apparent. Deepening the reform of the cultural system and promoting the prosperity of socialist culture in the new era are related to the development of socialism with Chinese characteristics and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. In the 21st century, the cultural industry is emerging as a new economic form, and various ethnic minorities are developing their own cultural industries. The huge economic value generated by the cultural industry has been recognized by many countries. As a new economic form, the cultural industry is rising strongly. In developed countries, the cultural industry has become the focus and pillar industry of the social economy. In the process of global economic integration, the cultural industry, as a rising industry, has shown strong vitality for development, and has been highly valued by governments of various countries. The global cultural market has continued to expand.

Therefore, with the rapid development of the cultural industry, this book analyzes the folklore and art development of ethnic minorities from the content of seven chapters. The development of the cultural industry in the frontier regions of the western part of China can promote local social and economic development and is conducive to national unity and equality. Therefore, the development of the cultural industry of ethnic minorities must keep pace with the times, and find out a development model and road that suits them according to local conditions. The rich cultural resources of ethnic minorities are conducive to the development of their characteristic cultural industries. The development of ethnic cultural industries is conducive to the development of China's overall economy and plays an important complementary role in Chinese culture.

前言

文化是民族的血脉和精神家园，现在，文化地位和作用更加明显，它是民族凝聚力和创造力的重要来源、也是综合竞争力的重要因素、更是经济发展的重要支撑。在经济全球化与科技现代化不断发展的今天，各民族之间的竞争，已不仅仅是科技、经济的竞争，而更多的是文化的竞争，文化的软实力作用已越来越明显。在新时期深化文化体制改革、推动社会主义文化大繁荣，关系到中国特色社会主义的发展，关系到中华民族伟大复兴。二十一世纪，文化产业作为一种新的经济形态正在崛起，各少数民族也在发展自己的文化产业。文化产业所产生的巨大经济价值已经被众多国家所认同，文化产业作为一种新的经济形态正在强劲的崛起，在发达国家，文化产业已经成为社会经济的重点和支柱产业。全球经济一体化过程中，文化产业作为一种朝阳产业，呈现出发展的旺盛生命力，得到各国政府的高度重视，全球文化市场不断扩大。

因此，在文化产业快速发展的今天，本书从七章内容对少数民族民俗及艺术发展进行详细的分析。我国的西部的边疆地区文化产业的发展能促进当地的社会与经济的发展，有利于民族的团结和平等。所以，少数民族文化产业的发展必须与时俱进，因地制宜找出一条适合自己的发展模式与道路。少数民族丰富的文化资源，有助于其发展特色的文化产业，少数民族文化产业的发展，有助于我国整体经济的发展，对中华文化的起到重要的补充作用。