Garden planning and design is an ancient and young discipline in China. It is said to be ancient because the history of gardening can be traced back thousands of years, and there are a lot of examples and theories of traditional gardens in the world. However, due to the development and evolution of this discipline in practice, it is both an integration with modern society and a matter of recent decades.

Before the 1980s, there were few people in the garden planning and design industry. National power is limited. Except for individual outstanding works, it is still at a relatively basic level. Generally speaking, axes, scenic spots, landscaped greenery, and traditional or innovative garden architectural symbols have become common patterns in garden planning and design. The image of the park in people's minds is basically a pavilion under the shade of green.

Since the 1990s, economic development and urbanization have brought about the prosperity of urban garden planning and design in China. With the gradual improvement of urban functions, parks, green squares, ecological corridors and suburban scenic spots have become the modern symbol of the city and the inevitable way to improve the quality of urban environment, life and culture. The functional positioning of urban garden ecology, landscape, culture, rest and risk reduction has been gradually recognized by the industry. From traditional gardens to urban greening and suburban integrated landscape, the concept of landscape planning and design is gradually deepening and improving, and the field is also expanding. On the basis of the traditional culture, the designers constantly combine the national conditions in practice, absorb some new thoughts and ideas from abroad, and adapt to the needs of modern life to create a batch of better works. Landscape architects not only lead the landscape planning and design, but also participate in the overall urban planning to intervene in urban design from a larger and wider level.

Modern landscape planning and design must innovate the concept of planning and design, actively absorb the advanced experience and technology of foreign landscape planning and design, and combine the cultural characteristics and local customs of this region to design excellent landscape art works. At the same time, the planning and design of modern landscape gardens should give full play to their ecological, cultural and economic functions to create a good ecological environment for promoting the sustainable development of modern cities.

前 言

园林规划设计在我国应该说是一门古老而又年轻的学科。说它古老，是因为我们的造园史可以追溯到几千年前，有一批在世界上堪称绝佳的传统园林范例和理论。说它年轻，是由于这门学科在实践中发展、演变，既与现代社会融合接轨，又是近几十年的事。

20世纪80年代之前，园林规划设计业内人士很少，加上国力有限，除了出现过个别优秀作品外，总体上还处于比较初级的水平，一般地讲，轴线、景区、山水绿地，加上传统的或革新式的园林建筑符号，成为园林规划设计的普遍模式。人们心目中的公园形象，基本上是绿荫下的亭台。

20世纪90年代以来，经济发展了，城市化的进程带动了全国城市园林规划设计的繁荣随着城市功能的逐步健全，公园、绿化广场、生态廊道、市郊风景区等愈加成为了城市的现代标志，成为提升城市环境质量、改善生活品质和满足文化追求的必然途径，城市园林生态、景观、文化、休憩和减灾避险的功能定位逐步被业内认同，从传统园林到城市绿化，再到城郊一体化的大地景观，园林规划设计的观念在逐步深化和完善，领域也在拓宽。设计人员在实践中不断结合国情，在继续从传统文脉中吸取营养的基础上，吸纳国外的一些新思潮、新理念，顺应现代生活的需求，创造了一批较好的作品。风景园林师不仅主导着园林规划设计，还参与城市总体规划，介入城市设计，从更大更宽的层面上发挥作用。

现代景观园林规划设计必须创新规划设计理念，积极吸收国外景观园林规划设计的先进经验和技术，结合本地区的文化特色和风土人情，设计出优秀的景观园林艺术作品。同时，现代景观园林规划设计还要充分发挥其生态功能、文化功能和经济功能，为推动现代城市可持续发展创建良好的生态环境。

Landscape engineering is to beautify the environment within a specific range. It is very scientific and artistic. Landscape engineering is the reasonable construction in the region of green space or landscape architecture. The development of garden engineering is related to the development of regional economy, environment and culture.

Since the reform and opening up, with the rapid development of social economy and the acceleration of urbanization, various environmental problems have gradually emerged. At the same time, the improvement of material and cultural living standards also puts forward higher requirements for spiritual needs. People's desire for nature and pursuit of beauty have promoted the further development of the garden industry. Gardening is not only a discipline, but also an art. The landscape is divided into two categories, namely natural landscape and human landscape. Natural landscapes, such as land, rivers and oceans, were created before man. After human civilization, human landscape is a kind of landscape which has been transformed by nature and injected with human will and activity. From an aesthetic point of view, the garden landscape art comes from nature and life. In life, the pursuit of beauty has never ceased, and mankind achieves this goal through the creation of art. Under normal circumstances, people tend to pay more attention to the formal beauty of garden landscape. The beauty of garden landscape comes from its artistic creation. When people appreciate and evaluate the beauty of garden, they focus on its artistry. However, the development of the garden industry is not perfect. There are many problems. How to develop systematic and modern landscape architecture with Chinese characteristics requires us to think systematically about the present situation and future development of landscape engineering.

Facing the reality of the ever-changing project construction, this book introduces the concept, design, construction, management, landscape art and its application of garden engineering. Combined with the latest technology and concept of modern garden engineering construction, this paper analyzes this problem systematically and comprehensively, and puts forward basic and effective solutions and scientific principles to provide reference for the majority of garden workers. This is our intention to write this book. As the book contains more content, involves more cumbersome knowledge, and has more compilers, the format, depth and breadth of the contents of each chapter may not be inconsistent; and the fallacies are inevitable. Readers are invited to criticize and correct. Suggestions for improvement will be gratefully received.

前 言

园林工程就是美化坏境，是在特定范围之内，非常具有科学性和艺术欣赏价值，合理建造于本地域的绿地或风景建筑。园林工程的发展关系着地区经济、环境和文化的发展。

改革开放以来，伴随着社会经济的飞速发展，城市化进程的加快，各种环境问题也逐渐露出端倪。与此同时，人们物质文化生活水平的提高对精神需求也提出更高的要求，人们对自然的渴望与美的追求催生了园林产业的进一步发展。园林不仅是一门学科，一项事业，也是一门艺术。景观分为两大类，即自然景观与人文景观。自然景观产生于人类之前，如土地、河流、海洋等；人文景观产于人类文明之后，它是经过对自然的改造，被注入人类意志和活动的一类景观。从美学的角度来看，园林景观艺术来源于自然和生活。在人们的生活中，从来没有中断过对美的追求，也从来没有间断过以艺术的创造来达到这一目的。在通常的情况下，人们对园林景观的感受往往更注重它的形式美感。园林景观的美感来自它的艺术创作，当人们在欣赏和评价园林的美感时，着重谈到的就是它的艺术性。然而园林行业发展还不完善，存在许多问题，如何发展具有中国特色的体系化、现代化的风景园林，就需要我们对园林工程的现状及未来发展有系统的思考。

面对日新月异的工程项目建设实际，本书分为园林工程的概念、设计、施工、管理与园林景观艺术及其应用两部分、六个章节的内容，结合当今园林工程建设最新技术与理念，系统全面的回答了这一问题，且提出基本有效地解决方案及其科学原理，希望可以为广大园林工作者提供参考，这也是我们编写这本书的用意所在。由于本书包罗内容较多，涉及知识较烦琐，各章节内容的格式、深度和广度可能并不一致，且谬误无可避免，敬请广大读者批评指正。

Mental illness is a type of illness that seriously endangers physical and mental health. With the rapid development of society and economy and the continuous improvement of living standards, the prevalence of various mental and psychological disorders has shown a significant upward trend. According to statistics from the World Health Organization, five of the top ten diseases that cause incomplete human labor are mental illnesses.

This book is based on psychiatric monographs and related journal literature published in recent years at home and abroad, and combined with the author's years of clinical practice experience.

This book introduces the etiology, classification, examination and medical history of mental disorders, systematically explains common clinical mental illnesses, and summarizes the clinical medications for mental illnesses. We hope this book will help the clinician.

前 言

精神疾病是严重危害人民群众身心健康的一类疾病。随着我国社会经济的快速发展和人民生活水平的不断提高，各种精神心理疾患的患病率呈明显上升趋势。据世界卫生组织统计，造成人类工类残缺的前10位疾病中，有5类属于精神疾病。

本书在参考近年国内外出版的精神病学专著和相关期刊文献的基础上，结合作者多年临床实践经验编写而成。

本书从精神障碍的病因和分类和检查、病史入手，对临床常见精神疾病进行系统的阐述和说明，对精神疾病临床用药进行概括，希望能够有助于临床医师的工作。

After the 20th century, the production of electricity mainly depends on thermal power plants, hydropower stations and nuclear power plants. Tidal, geothermal and wind power are also used to generate electricity where conditions permit. The transmission and distribution of electrical energy is mainly achieved through high and low voltage AC power networks. As the development direction of transmission engineering technology, its emphasis is on researching UHV (over 1 million volts) AC transmission and DC transmission technology to form a larger power network; meanwhile, it is also necessary to study the technical problems of superconductor power transmission. The large-scale power system emerged in the 20th century integrated power generation, transmission, substation, distribution and electricity consumption into an organic whole. It has become a physical engineering system with the widest span of space, strict coordination of time and extremely complicated division of labor.

Since the 1880s, electric power has gradually replaced the steam engine, the technological symbol of the industrial revolution in the 18th century, and become the technological basis of the material and spiritual civilization of modern society. In the past 30 years, HVDC transmission technology has made rapid progress and has been widely used in some transmission fields.

This book is divided into eight chapters to analyze and elaborate the power engineering technology in detail, and the content is comprehensive. We hope this book will be helpful to the related work.

前 言

20世纪以后，电能的生产主要靠火电厂、水电站和核电站。有条件的地方还利用潮汐、地热和风能来发电。电能的输送和分配主要通过高、低压交流电力网络来实现。作为输电工程技术发展的方向，其重点是研究特高压（100万伏以上）交流输电与直流输电技术，形成更大的电力网络；同时还要研究超导体电能输送的技术问题。20世纪出现的大型电力系统将发电、输电、变电、配电、用电诸环节综合为一个有机整体，成为社会物质生产部门中空间跨度最广、时间协调严格、层次分工极复杂的实体工程系统。

从19世纪80年代以来，电力已逐步取代了作为18世纪产业革命技术标志的蒸汽机，成为现代社会人类物质文明与精神文明的技术基础。近30年来，高压直流输电技术进步很快，并在一些输电领域内得到了愈来愈广泛的应用。

本书分八章内容对电力工程技术进行详细的分析与阐述，内容全面，希望能够有助于相关工作的开展与进行。

In recent years, the combined use of Chinese and Western medicine is very common in clinical practice, especially in basic-level hospitals, where the combination of traditional Chinese and western medicine treatment model has become routine. A large number of studies have shown that the combined application of Chinese and Western medicine has both advantages and disadvantages. The problem is how to use a large number of clinical practice or experimental research to confirm the scientific, practical and therapeutic significance of combined application of Chinese and Western medicine. Traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine belong to different medical systems, but their clinical application is to achieve the purpose of treatment. If the combination of Chinese and western medicine can be applied scientifically and reasonably, it can improve the treatment effect, reduce the number of chemical drugs and toxic side effects, and make the disease recover quickly. It has many advantages.

The combination of traditional Chinese and western medicine is the characteristic and highlight of the development of China’s medicine. It is also our advantage to shorten the gap with developed countries in medicine and catch up with/surpass the advanced world level with our own characteristics. With the care and support of leaders at all levels, the combination of traditional Chinese and western medicine has gained a good foundation after decades of hard work.

This book will discuss four aspects: anatomy of Chinese medicine, research and development course of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine, diagnosis and treatment of common internal diseases in combination of traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, diagnosis and treatment of common surgical diseases in combination of traditional Chinese and Western Medicine.

前言

近年来，在临床上中西药联合运用的情况非常普遍，尤其是在基层医院，中西医结合的治疗模式已经成为常规。大量的研究都显示，中西药联合应用既有其优势，也有其不足，问题是如何用大量的临床实践或实验研究来证实中西药联合应用的科学性、实用性及治疗意义。中药、西药属于不同的医疗体系，但在临床的应用上都是为了达到治病的目的。中西药如果能够科学合理地联合应用，能提高治疗的效果，并能降低化学药物的用量及毒副作用，使病情快速地恢复，有着较多的优点。

中西医结合是我国医学事业发展的特色和亮点，也是我们缩短与医学发达国家之间的差距并以自己的特色赶上和超过世界先进水平的优势所在。我国的中西医结合工作在各级领导的关心支持下，经过几十年的努力奋斗，具备了良好的基础。

本书将通过解剖中医、中西医结合研究发展历程、中西医结合常见内科系统疾病诊疗、中西医结合常见外科疾病的诊疗等四个方面进行论述。