The book is rich in content, including project management, hydrology, engineering geology, engineering tasks and scale, water conservation, the protection of water resource , the impact and assessment of the environment, etc. This book is a general reference material for all related disciplines of water conservancy and hydropower, water administration and water resource management, environmental water conservancy and water resource protection, as well as for engineering technicians engaged in water conservancy and hydropower project planning, feasibility study, preliminary design and water administration and water resource management.
    Our intention of compiling Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering Construction and Water Resource Protection is to provide a practical textbook and reference book for water conservancy workers. However, due to the complexity of knowledge involved in this book, the format, depth and breadth of the contents of each chapter may not be the same, and fallacies are inevitable. Readers are welcome to criticize and correct them.

前 言

本书主要内容丰富，包括项目管理、水文、工程地质、工程任务与规模、水体保持、水资源保护、环境影响评价等。本书是相关水利水电类各专业及水政水资源管理专业、环境水利与水资源保护类的通用参考资料，也可供从事水利水电工程规划、可行性研究、初步设计及水政水资源管理等方面工作的工程技术人员参考。
  我们编写《水利水电工程施工与水资源保护》的意图，是为水利工作者提供一本贴合实用的教材与参考书。然而，由于本书涉及知识较繁杂，各章节内容的格式、深度和广度可能并不一致，谬误无可避免，敬请读者批评指正。

According to the actual situation of the long-term development of water conservancy and hydropower in China, there are deficiencies, which not only affect the economic benefits of the construction of water conservancy and hydropower projects, but also bring many hidden dangers to the economic production and people’s life. Water conservancy and hydropower have always been an important part of the development of national economy in China. Therefore, we should strengthen the management and quality control of water conservancy and hydropower projects, and actively take scientific measures to promote the management of water conservancy and hydropower projects in the new era. This is the development direction of water conservancy and hydropower in China. 

The construction quality and safety management of hydropower projects will directly affect the quality of water conservancy and hydropower projects. But in the actual construction, because of the construction management personnel and management system is not perfect, it will seriously affect the construction safety of water conservancy and hydropower. This paper discusses the safety management and control of water conservancy and hydropower engineering construction, so as to improve its management quality and ensure the construction quality level.
     There are many complex problems in the construction of water conservancy project, and the safety production is of great importance. In order to ensure the safety production, we must consider many factors comprehensively, take corresponding safety management measures, and improve the level of safety production.
    Water conservancy and hydropower engineering construction is an important part of social development, which plays an important role in economic and social development. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the construction technology of water conservancy and hydropower engineering.
    With the gradual improvement of the market economy system and the deepening of the reform of state-owned enterprises, strengthening enterprise management and improving the level of scientific management is one of the important ways for water conservancy and hydropower construction enterprises to transform their operation mechanism and achieve the goal of turning losses into profits. Water conservancy and hydropower are the basic industries for the development of national economy and society.
The construction projects of water conservancy and hydropower projects are the basic points and main benefits for the operation and management of water conservancy and hydropower construction enterprises. Strengthening project management is one of the key factors to improve management level, economic benefits and sustainable and stable development of water conservancy and hydropower construction enterprises.

前 言

就我国水利水电长期发展的实际情况来看存在着不足，不仅影响着水利水电工程建设的经济效益，而且还给经济生产、民众生活带来诸多安全隐患，水利水电事业一直以来都是我国国民经济发展的重要部分，因此加大对水利水电工程管理和质量控制，积极采取科学发展策略来促进新时期的水利水电工程管理，这是我国水利水电事业必须要重视的发展方向。
  水电工程施工质量安全管理将会直接影响到水利水电工程的质量。但是在实际的施工中，由于施工管理人员和管理制度不健全，最终会严重影响到水利水电的施工安全性。通过对水利水电工程施工安全管理与控制进行相应的探讨，从而提升其管理质量，保证施工质量水平。
  水利工程施工中面临很多复杂的问题，其安全生产事关重大，为了确保其安全生产，必须要综合考虑多方面的因素，采取相应的安全管理措施，提高安全生产水平。
  水利水电工程建设是社会发展的一个重要部分，对经济和社会的发展有着很重要的作用，因此，要加强水利水电工程施工技术。
  随着市场经济体制的逐步完善和国企改革的深入，强化企业管理，提高科学管理水平是水利水电施工企业转换经营机制、实现扭亏增盈的重要途径之一，水利水电是国民经济和社会发展的基础产业，水电工程施工项目是水利水电施工企业经营管理的基点、效益的主体、信誉的窗口，加强项目管理是水利水电施工企业提高管理水平、经济效益和持续稳定发展的关键因素之一。

With the rapid development of social economy, China’s water conservancy industry has made great progress. The quality of water conservancy project construction directly affects the normal life of surrounding residents. The specific water conservancy project construction needs to be carried out according to the project design. Whether the design is scientific or not will affect the quality of the project. Therefore, the construction personnel must constantly improve the water conservancy project design and further control the occurrence of safety hazards. This paper mainly analyzes the necessity of improving the design of water conservancy project, and puts forward corresponding improvement measures according to the existing shortcomings.
    In order to reasonably develop, utilize, save and protect water resources, give full play to the comprehensive benefits of water resources, and ensure the sustainable development of economy and society, a good water conservancy planning work is related to the overall development of water conservancy. Through planning and studying water demand for national economic development, flood control layout countermeasures, measures for rational allocation and protection of water resources, and the joint point of demand and supply, We should rationally and effectively carry out flood control and disaster reduction, strive to do well in water conservancy work such as water resources development, utilization and protection, lay the foundation for the overall layout and development strategy of the national economy designated by the state, and provide the basis for water conservancy construction and management.
    Water conservancy construction project management is an important part of modern enterprise system. Only by strengthening project management and strict cost control, can the construction enterprise finally achieve the purpose of providing economic benefits and social reputation of the enterprise. Therefore, the enterprise itself can obtain a broader space for survival and development.

前 言

伴随着社会经济的快速发展，我国水利事业取得了很大的进步。水利工程建设的好坏直接影响到周边居民的正常生活。具体的水利工程施工需要根据工程设计来进行，设计的科学与否会影响到工程的质量，所以施工人员必须不断完善水利工程设计，进一步控制安全隐患的发生。主要通过对当前完善水利工程设计的必要性进行分析，并根据其中存在的不足提出相应的完善措施。
  为合理开发、利用、节约和保护水资源，充分发挥水资源的综合效益，保障经济和社会的可持续发展，做好水利规划工作事关水利事业发展的全局。规划研究国民经济发展对水的需求，研究防洪布局对策，研究水资源合理配置与保护的措施，研究需求与供给的结合点，合理、有效地进行防洪减灾、水资源开发利用与保护等各项水利工作，为国家指定国民经济的总体布局和发展战略奠定基础，为水利建设和管理提供依据。
  水利工程施工项目管理是现代企业制度的重要组成部分，施工企业只有加强项目管理，严格成本控制，才能最终达到提高企业经济效益和社会信誉的目的，从而使企业自身获得更为广阔的生存发展空间。

With the development of urbanization and modernization in China, the investment in municipal engineering construction has become a new situation in which the government, enterprises and relevant social investment participate and invest together. Its quality management system is also becoming more and more perfect, and has developed into a new system of organic combination of government supervision, social supervision and enterprise self-control. The quality of municipal engineering management is not only closely related to the investment benefit of urban infrastructure construction, but also closely related to the vital interests of the masses. Therefore, it is urgent to make every effort to ensure the safety of people’s lives and property and the benefit of investment in urban infrastructure construction to the greatest extent, strengthen the analysis and in-depth study of the current situation of municipal engineering management, so as to put forward targeted solutions to problems and improve countermeasures.
    This book is divided into two parts. The first and second chapters introduce the basic contents of municipal engineering, project construction quality, municipal engineering quality supervision and testing, and municipal engineering quality government supervision mechanism optimization. And then it introduces the quality supervision and testing methods of municipal road, bridge, tunnel, pipeline, traffic, sanitation, flood control and other infrastructure construction projects. It is a practical tool book for engineering construction, which is not disorderly in content and can be relied on in detail.

前 言

随着我国城市化、现代化的发展，我国市政工程建设投资现状已经发展成为政府、企业以及相关社会投资一起参与、共同投资的新局面，其质量管理体系也日趋健全，发展成为政府监督与社会监理以及企业自我控制相互有机联合的新体系。市政工程管理质量的高低不仅和城市基础设施建设的投资效益息息相关，而且和广大人民群众切身利益有着紧密地联系。因而，力求在最大程度上确保广大人民群众生命财产的安全和城市基础设施建设投资的效益，加强对市政工程管理现状着手分析和深入研究，以便提出针对性地解决问题和改进对策刻不容缓。
  本书共分为两部分，第一、二章介绍了市政工程、工程建设质量、市政工程质量监督与检测以及市政工程质量政府监管机制优化的基本内容，之后分门别类的介绍了市政道路、桥梁、隧道，以及管道、交通、环卫、防洪等基础设施建设工程的质量监督与检测方法，内容杂而不乱，详实可依，是一本切实可行的工程建设类工具书。

Vocal teaching is an important part of vocal music pedagogy. In the process of vocal teaching practice and theoretical research, it can also be an independent subject. The course of vocal music is an important compulsory course for vocal music schools (departments) in colleges and universities. Its basic tasks are:

1. To enable students to master the basic knowledge and theory of vocal music education, understand the objectives and requirements of vocal music education in colleges and universities, love vocal music education, and establish professional ethics and sense of responsibility for vocal music education.

2. To make students master the basic principles and methods of vocal music teaching in colleges and universities, understand the basic process and teaching content of vocal music teaching, and lay a solid foundation for educational practice and vocal music education in the future.
      3. Let students learn and understand the famous foreign vocal music teaching system and teaching methods, and broaden the vision of vocal music education.
    4. Let students integrate their professional knowledge and skills, and make them become a comprehensive ability, that is, the ability to engage in vocal music education in colleges and universities.
    Music pedagogy is an interdisciplinary subject of musicology and pedagogy. This subject not only follows general laws of pedagogy, but also has some characteristics of music itself. No matter how the connotation and extension of music education change, the fundamental purpose of music education is to make music education practice well developed. And a good music education must have teachers who carry out the education, students who have the purpose of learning and the media, music, which connects teachers and students, which are the three parts of music education activities. Music education will not exist with any of teachers, students and music. China’s professional music education has a certain scale, and music pedagogy is an inevitable subject when the era develops to a certain stage. It is more specific than general pedagogy, and more emphasis on discipline.
    Compared with music teaching method and music teaching theory, the problems it studies are more universal, wider in scope and higher in theoretical level. Music pedagogy plays an irreplaceable role in training talents who can adapt to the future social development and have forward-looking music education thoughts.

前 言

声乐教学是声乐学科教育学中的一个重要组成部分，在声乐教学实践和声乐教学理论研究过程中，它又可以是一个独立的学科。高校声乐课程是高等院校声乐院（系）的重要必修课。其基本任务是：
  1. 使学生掌握声乐教育的基础知识和基本理论，了解高校声乐教育的目标和要求，热爱声乐教育事业，树立起从事声乐教育的职业道德观和责任感。
  2. 使学生掌握高校声乐教学的基本原则和基本方法，了解高校声乐教学的基本过程和教学内容，为进行教育实习和今后从事声乐教育工作打下扎实的基础。
  3. 让学生学习、了解国外著名声乐教学体系和教学方法，拓宽声乐教育视野。
  4. 让学生将所学的专业知识和专业技能技巧融会贯通，使其成为一种综合能力，即从事高校声乐教育的能力。
  音乐教育学是音乐学和教育学的交叉学科。这一学科既遵循教育学的普通规律，又具有音乐艺术本身的一些特点。无论音乐教育的内涵和外延怎么改变，音乐教育的根本目的是使音乐教育实践能够得到良好的开展。而良好的音乐教育必须有实施教育的教师、有学习目的的学生和联系教师和学生之间的媒介——音乐，这是音乐教育活动的三个部分，缺一不可。教师、学生、音乐三个要素缺了其中任何一个要素，音乐教育都不能存在。我国的专业音乐教育已具有一定的规模，音乐教育学是时代发展到一定阶段时必然产生的学科。它比普通教育学更加具体化，更加注重和强调学科性。它所研究的问题比音乐教学法和音乐教学论更具有普遍性，范围更广，理论层次更高。音乐教育学对培养能够适应未来社会发展的、全面的、具有前瞻性音乐教育思想的人才发挥着不可替代的作用。