Landscape design is an ancient and young discipline in China. It is ancient because the history of afforestation can be traced back to thousands of years ago, and there are excellent traditional garden norms and theories in the world. It is young because the discipline is constantly evolving in practice and development, and it is only in recent years that it is in line with the integration of modern society. For Chinese modern landscape planning and design, we need to actively respond to globalization, face up to the problems and seize the opportunity. On the one hand, we should actively accept external information, resources and energy, and learn ideas and methods from foreign landscape planning and design, and use the latest technology to innovate boldly. On the other hand, we should inherit and develop the tradition, stick to the Chinese characteristics, and express the connotation, exquisite style and unique form of the blend of feelings and scenes in accordance with the broad and profound national traditional garden spirit and the aesthetic choice and way of appreciation of the Chinese people. We should be open and unique to create a more sustainable and virtuous cycle of modern Chinese landscape architecture.

前 言

园林设计在我国是一门古老而又年轻的学科，说它古老是因为造林史可以追溯到几千年以前，有世界绝佳的传统园林规范和理论，说它年轻是因为这门学科在实践和发展中不断的演变，近年来才与现代社会融合相接轨。对于中国现代园林景观规划设计而言，更需要主动地应对全球化，正视问题，抓住机遇。一方面积极接受外部信息、资源和能量,借鉴国外景观规划设计的思想与手法，利用最新技术大胆创新；另一方面继承和发展传统，固守中国特色，以博大、精深的民族传统园林精神，按照中国人的审美取舍与欣赏方式，表现情景交融的内涵、精致细腻的风格和独具一格的形式。以开放性和独特性营造出更具持续性和良性循环的中国现代园林景观。

With the establishment and development of China’s socialist market economy, fire safety is an important part of national economy and social development. It is the only way for the sustainable development of China’s fire industry to speed up the improvement of social fire safety management level and improve the whole society’s ability to resist fire. This book focuses on the training of fire protection theory and supervision and management, and mainly focuses on the basic requirements and rigid standards of law enforcement in each process, each link, each behavior and each action of fire protection product supervision and management. It is a comprehensive, important and instructive reference book to highlight the standardization, operability and practicability, based on the fire laws and regulations, on the basis of cleaning up the normative documents of law enforcement in the early stage, and with the examples of legal documents as the main carrier, and comprehensively integrate the provisions on law enforcement and case handling scattered in the normative documents.

前 言

随着我国社会主义市场经济的确立和发展，消防安全事业是国民经济和社会发展的重要组成部分，加快提高社会消防安全管理水平，提高全社会整体抗御火灾能力， 是我国消防事业可持续发展的必经之路。 本书以培养消防理论与监督管理为主，主要以消防队伍执法者在消防产品监督管理中每个流程、每个环节、每个行为和每个动作的执法基本要求和刚性标准为中心。突出规范性、操作性、实用性，以消防法规为基础，在前期清理执法规范性文件的基础上，以法律文书范例为主要载体，将目前分散在各规范性文件之中有关执法办案的规定进行全面整合，是一本具有综合性、要点性、指导性的工具书。

Power system consists of power generation, transmission, transformation, distribution and consumption. The power system will convert other energy in nature from power generation device to electric energy, and then through the links of power transformation, transmission and distribution, the electric energy will be transformed into the power resources to be used by the load point. Electrical equipment mainly refers to the motor, transformer, circuit breaker, relay protection device and other equipment in the power system. In order to maintain the continuous supply of electric power, the primary condition is to do a good job in fault diagnosis and maintenance of electrical equipment.
With the further development of power technology, the power supply performance and quality of power equipment have also obtained a qualitative leap

  Power System Engineering and Electrical Equipment systematically introduces the planning of power system, the main performance of power system security, stability and power system monitoring and control, and introduces the main electrical equipment in power system, including motor, transformer and relay protection device. In the process of power system operation, it is easy to be affected by external factors. In order to ensure the security and stability of power system operation, it is necessary to improve the application efficiency of electrical equipment in power system. The normal operation of power system needs healthy and stable power equipment, and substation maintenance work is the basis of power equipment health and stability

前 言

电力系统由发电、输电、变电、配电和用电等环节组成的电能生产与消费系统。电力系统会将自然界中的其他能源由发电装置转化为电能，再经过变电输电配电等环节将电能转化为负荷点要用电力资源。电气设备主要是指电力系统中的电机、变压器、断路器、继电保护装置等设备。为了保持电力的持续供应，做好电气设备故障诊断和检修工作是首要条件。随着电力技术的进一步发展，电力设备的供电性能和质量等也获得了质的飞跃。
      《电力系统工程与电气设备》这本书系统介绍了电力系统的规划、电力系统的主要性能——安全性、稳定性以及电力系统的监视与控制，同时介绍了电力系统中主要的电气设备，包括电机、变压器、继电保护装置。电力系统在运行的过程中很容易受到外界因素的影响，想要保证电力系统运行的安全性和稳定性，就要提高电力系统中电气设备应用效率。电力系统正常运行需要健康稳定的电力设备，而变电检修工作是电力设备健康稳定的基础。

With the advent of the era of big data, the rapid development of all kinds of information technology and the sharing and integration of massive information provide a lot of data and technical support for the development of urban and rural planning discipline, and bring it into the era of reading, writing and practical operation of massive information space. The promotion of the national new urbanization strategy makes the cause of urban and rural construction continue to prosper. It is of great practical significance to popularize the basic knowledge of urban planning and design.

  Natural resources, such as air, soil, biology, water and mineral resources, are the basis of human survival and the basic guarantee of social stability and economic development. With the rapid growth of global population, the contradiction among population, resources, environment and food is becoming more and more serious, especially in China with a large population. The per capita possession of natural resources in China is low, and the spatial and temporal distribution of resources is unbalanced. With the rapid development of economy, people’s demand for resources is gradually increasing, which inevitably makes the shortage of resources more and more serious. The unreasonable use of resources and the emergence of global change will further aggravate the contradiction between resource shortage and human demand. In addition, the unreasonable utilization of resources and the increase of industrial, agricultural and domestic wastes caused by urban and rural planning have brought serious environmental problems, especially the aggravation of pollution. It is urgent for China to implement the strategy of sustainable development, realize the optimal allocation and sustainable utilization of resources, and coordinate the development of economic society and ecological environment. Therefore, it is necessary to enhance the people’s awareness of resources and environment.

前 言

随着大数据时代的来临，各类信息技术高速发展，海量信息的共享与融合，为城乡规划学科的发展提供大量数据与技术手段支撑，将其带入海量信息空间读写与实际操作的纪元。国家新型城镇化战略的推进，城乡建设事业持续繁荣。推广和普及城市规划与设计的基础知识具有重要的现实意义。
       空气、土壤、生物、水和矿产等自然资源是人类赖以生存的基础，也是社会安定和经济发展的基本保证。随着全球人口数量的急剧增长，人口、资源、环境和粮食之间的矛盾日趋严重，这在人口众多的我国尤为突出。我国自然资源的人均占有量较低、资源的时空分布很不平衡，而且随着经济的高速发展，人们对资源的需求量也在逐步增加，这必然使得资源的短缺程度越来越严重。资源的不合理利用，以及全球变化的出现，将进一步加重资源短缺与人类需求之间的矛盾。此外，城乡规划导致的资源不合理利用和工农业、生活废弃物的增加带来了严重的环境问题，突出表现在污染程度的加剧。这迫切需要我国实行可持续发展战略，实现资源的优化配置和可持续利用，以及经济社会与生态环境的协调发展。为此，必须增强全民的资源环境意识。

Due to the continuous growth of the population and the continuous acceleration of the urbanization process, a large number of people have crowded into big cities, which has led to increasing traffic pressure in big cities. “Traffic restriction, diversion, viaduct, Overpass” and other measures have been unable to meet the growing demand for people. In order to solve the problem of urban traffic jam, London opened the world’s first underground railway system, the London Metropolitan railway, in 1863. In 1969, Beijing opened the first subway line in China. Due to the traffic congestion and the increasing urban population, although the rise of China’s subway is relatively late, it has also achieved rapid development, which has become an important method and way to alleviate the urban traffic pressure.

  At present, the development and utilization of urban underground space is mainly based on the construction of urban subway engineering, taking into account the development of integrated underground pipe gallery, underground parking lot and so on. Subway construction is of great practical significance in solving urban traffic congestion, saving land resources, protecting and improving urban environment, strengthening national defense capability, strengthening disaster prevention capability, and reducing carbon emissions.
    With the development of large-scale railway construction in China, the investment in railway construction has increased significantly. The construction task is heavy and the construction period is tight. Many projects are operated at high altitude, in the field and in deep water, with large population mobility, frequent mechanical transfer, high proportion of new workers and relatively poor safety awareness. In addition, a large number of new technologies and standards are adopted, so the safety risk of railway construction is higher than before, and the safety management of railway construction is arduous.

  Subway construction accidents do great harm to people’s health and safety, social economy and natural environment, leading to casualties, economic losses, environmental damage and other major issues. Researchers and practitioners at home and abroad have been studying how to reduce the construction risk and reduce the occurrence of safety accidents on the construction site. After long-term safety management research and practice, it is found that safety risk identification and early warning is an important part of safety management. Its purpose is to find out the weak links of the project and establish effective measures to avoid safety accidents.

前 言

随着人口的不断增长，城市化进程的不断加快，大量人流涌入大城市，导致了大城市交通压力不断加大。“限行、分流、高架、立交”等措施已经不能满足日益增长的人流需求。 为了解决城市交通堵塞问题， 伦敦于 1863 年开通了世界上首条地下铁路系统——伦敦大都会铁路。 1969 年北京开通了我国第一条地铁线路。虽然地铁在我国起步较晚，但由于交通拥堵问题和城市人口不断增加，地铁在我国取得了快速发展，成为缓解城市交通压力的重要方法和途径。
       目前，城市地下空间的开发利用主要是以城市地铁工程建设为主，兼顾开发地下共同管廊、地下停车场等。在解决城市交通拥堵、节约土地资源、保护和改善城市环境、加强国防及防灾减灾能力、减少碳排放等方面，地铁建设具有十分重要的现实意义。

 随着国家大规模铁路建设的展开，铁路建设投资大幅增加，施工任务重，工期紧，存在大量高处、野外、深水作业，流动性大，机械调动频繁，新工人比例高、安全意识相对较差，再加之新技术新标准的大量采用，因此铁路建设安全风险比以往更高，铁路建设安全管理任务艰巨。
       地铁施工安全事故对人民生命健康安全、社会经济和自然环境产生重大危害，导致了人员伤亡、经济损失、环境破坏等重大问题。国内外的研究人员和从业人员一直都在研究如何降低施工安全风险，减少施工现场安全事故的发生。经过长期的安全管理研究及实践发现，安全风险识别与预警是安全管理的重要环节，其目的就在于寻找工程的薄弱环节并建立有效措施，以避免将来的安全事故。