As a basic industry of national economy, mining industry plays an important role in the process of industrial construction and development. With the continuous development of mineral resources, the amount of shallow easy to mine resources is decreasing, and the proportion of underground mining is increasing. How to mine underground mineral resources safely and efficiently depends highly on the quality of mine design.Underground mine design is a complex, systematic and comprehensive planning and design of underground mining, with mining as the main body and other related professional knowledge. In order to adapt to the development of mining teaching and the needs of mining enterprises and design units, this book makes an attempt in this regard based on many years of work experience.
    The book mainly introduces the conventional design method in content arrangement, focusing on the mine survey, mine lifting, drainage, mine ventilation and other related contents. In the process of compiling, the content system is comprehensive and the primary and secondary is appropriate, which provides basic design knowledge for beginners to analyze and solve the problem in underground mining design.
    The content of this book is comprehensive, scientific, practical and learning. It can be used as a learning textbook for mining major in colleges and universities, as well as a learning reference for mining design personnel and mine technical management personnel.
    Due to many leading cities of mine engineering technology involved, there are many places that need to be improved and developed, and some opinions in the book only represent the author’s personal ideas and opinions. If there is something wrong, the author sincerely hopes to get the reader’s correction, so that the book can be improved when it is revised.

前 言

采矿工业作为国民经济基础产业在工业建设与发展过程中占有重要地位。随着矿产资源的不断开发，浅部易采资源量不断减少，地下矿山开采的比重逐渐增加。如何安全、高效地开采地下矿产资源，在很大程度上取决于矿山设计的质量。地下矿山设计是以采矿专业为主体， 辅以其他相关专业知识， 对地下矿床开采进行复杂、系统、综合地规划与设计。为适应采矿专业教学工作的发展，以及矿山企业和设计单位的需要，基于多年的工作经验，本书作了这方面的尝试。

  本书在内容安排上以常规设计方法为主，着重介绍了矿山测量、矿井提升、排水、矿井通风等相关内容。在编写过程中力求内容系统全面、主次得当，为初学者分析、解决地下开采设计中的问题提供基础性设计知识。
  本书内容系统全面，科学性、实用性、学习性强，可作为高等院校采矿专业的学习教材，也可作为采矿设计人员、矿山技术管理人员的学习参考书。
  由于矿山工程技术涉及众多领域，而且还有许多需要完善和发展的地方，因此书中的一些观点仅代表作者个人的想法和意见，如有不妥之处，真诚希望得到读者指正，以便本书修订时改进。

 With the continuous development of economic globalization, the financial industry’s position in the international economy has become increasingly important, which has played a major role in promoting the social development of various countries and regions, and is also a sign of the level of economic development. In practice, financial development will have different impacts on international trade in different countries and at different stages of development. Through the corresponding financial system rules, the popularization and development level of the financial industry, the financial industry institutions, financial constraints and other factors, it influences the process and structure of international trade. Finance and trade are two important components of national economic activities, and they are also important channels for industrial exchanges and economic exchanges between various regions. With the continuous development of economic integration, the integration and interaction between finance and trade has also deepened. The increasing research on the relationship between financial development and trade in academia shows that finance and trade are being concerned and recognized by people from all walks of life.
    Many studies have shown that there is an inextricable relationship between the development of finance and international trade. The development and practice of international trade can provide effective experience for the development of regional finance. In the process of international trade, both parties to the trade need to settle funds.
The transfer and settlement of these funds are in the financial scope. Summarizing and analyzing each trade activity process and experience can update traditional trade communication theories. Second, under the vigorous development of international trade, finance can also develop more freely. International trade is a free form of trade. For enterprises, the ultimate purpose of operation and production is to push products to various markets around the world, and the scope of financial services is relatively wide. In order to promote the development of trade, we must constantly reform and improve ourselves.
    This article analyzes and narrates in detail from financial innovation and international trade, analyzes its basic knowledge and development issues, and looks forward to the future. I hope this book can provide some help for related work projects in China.

前 言

 随着经济全球化的不断发展，金融行业在国际经济中的地位也日益重要，对各个国家与地区的社会发展起到了主要的推动作用，也是经济发展水平的标志。在实际中，金融发展在不同国家、不同发展阶段都会对国际贸易产生不同的影响，通过相应的金融制度规则，金融行业普及发展水平，金融产业机构，金融约束等因素对国际贸易的进程与结构产生影响。金融与贸易是国民经济活动中的两大重要组成，也是各个地区之间进行产业交流与经济往来的重要渠道。随着经济一体化的不断深入发展，金融与贸易之间的融合与互动也不断深化。学术界关于金融发展与贸易往来之间的研究日益增多， 表明金融与贸易正在不断受到社会各界人士的关注与认可。

 众多研究表明，金融的发展与国际贸易之间存在千丝万缕的关系。国际贸易的开展与实践能够为地区金融的发展提供有效的经验，国际贸易过程中，贸易双方需要进行资金的结算，这些资金的转移与结算均属于金融范围，通过对每次的贸易活动流程以及经验进行总结分析，能够对传统的贸易交流理论进行更新；其次，在国际贸易的蓬勃发展下，金融也能够更加自由的发展，国际贸易是一种自由的贸易形式，对于企业而言，经营生产的最终目的就是将产品推向全球各个市场，金融服务的范围较为广泛，为了推动贸易的开展，必须不断改革，完善自身。
  本文从金融创新与国际贸易两篇进行详细的分析与叙述，对其基本知识和发展问题进行分析，同时对未来进行展望。希望本书能够为我国相关工作项目提供一定的帮助。

Construction industry is one of the basic, leading and pillar industries in China. Its healthy and stable operation is directly related to the coordinated and sustainable development of the national economy. With the development of China’s market economy for more than 30 years and reform deepening, the implementation of the housing commercialization policy in 1998, the acceleration of urbanization, the construction industry got the unprecedented development. However, many problems have also been exposed, especially the construction quality problems and frequent accidents, resulting in economic losses, casualties, and social impacts that cause people to reflect and worry. If a construction enterprise wants to survive, to develop, to grow, to succeed, and to mature, it can only rely on quality to win reputation, rely on reputation to build a brand, rely on the brand to expand the market, rely on the market to increase efficiency, rely on efficiency to seek development, and rely on development to achieve brilliant success.
Therefore, the quality of construction projects is undoubtedly the strategic focus of construction enterprises’ core competitiveness and the lifeline of survival and development.

前 言

建筑产业是我国的基础性、先导性、支柱性产业之一，它的健康稳定运行直接关系到国民经济的协调可持续发展。伴随着我国市场经济三十多年的发展和改革深化,1998 年住房商品化政策的实施，城镇化脚步的加快，建筑行业得到了空前的发展，但也暴露出很多问题，尤其是建筑工程质量问题和事故频频发生，所导致的经济损失、人员伤亡、社会影响引发人们反思和关切。

建筑企业要生存，要发展，要壮大，要成功，要成熟只能靠质量赢得信誉，靠信誉铸就品牌，靠品牌开拓市场，靠市场增加效益，靠效益谋求发展，靠发展取得辉煌。因此，建筑工程质量无疑是建筑企业拥有核心竞争力的战略重心和生存与发展的生命线。

During the development of the chemical industry, the production process is also continuously improved. However, with the continuous development of information technology, promoting the automation development of chemical engineering and technology can meet the development trend of the times, especially in the face of some limitations in current chemical engineering and process. We must adopt advanced technology to promote the automation development of chemical engineering and technology. This book consists of seven chapters. The first chapter briefly introduces chemical engineering and technology, the history of chemical engineering development, the current status and trends of chemical engineering in China, and the control and application of chemical automation. The second chapter focuses on the basic theories and algorithms of chemical engineering; and then studies the engineering technology of different types of chemical industry from the aspects of energy chemical industry, material chemical industry, biology and food chemical industry, as well as chemical automation, the design, construction, development status, overhaul and maintenance of chemical machinery and automation instruments. This book is an easy-to-understand and very practical reference book in the field of chemical industry, which can be used as a reference for process technicians engaged in continuous production processes.

前 言

在化学工业发展的过程当中，生产工艺也在不断地改进，但是随着信息科技的不断发展，推进化学工程与工艺的自动化发展才能够符合时代的发展趋势，尤其是面对当下化学工程与工艺中存在的一些局限性，必须要采取先进的技术来推进化学工程与工艺的自动化发展。
本书共七个章节，第一章绪论简单介绍了化学工程与工艺、化学工程发展史、我国化学工程发展现状与趋势与化工自动化控制与应用，第二章重点阐释了化学工程基础理论与算法，后从能源化工、材料化工、生物与食品化工几个方面研究不同化工种类的工程工艺技术，以及化工自动化、化工机械与自动化仪表的设计施工、发展现状、检修与维护，是一本通俗易懂、非常实用的化工领域工具书，可供从事连续生产过程的工艺技术人员作参考。

Highway engineering is one of the most important parts of China’s economic development. It is not only related to China’s economic development, but also closely related to the improvement of people’s living standards. How to build a highway project that meets people’s production and life development through reasonable design and construction within limited resources is one of the research directions that all highway construction enterprises should pay attention to.
This book adheres to the scientific development concept that combines theory and practice, and based on the two parts of highway engineering and highway project project management, analyzes the problems and status in the entire process of highway engineering planning and design, highway construction and construction, and highway project management. It also gives feasibility suggestions in response to these problems, with a view to providing a practical textbook and reference book for the majority of road traffic practitioners in China, to make a small contribution to the sustainable construction of China’s highway engineering construction.
Because this book contains a lot of content and is relatively cumbersome, the format, depth, and breadth of each chapter’s content may be inconsistent, and errors are unavoidable. Readers can criticize and correct them.

前 言

公路工程是我国经济发展中最为重要的部分之一，不仅关系我国的经济发展，而且密切关系我国人们生活水平的提高。如何在有限的资源内，通过合理的设计施工，建造出符合人们生产生活发展的公路工程，是所有公路施工企业要重视研究的方向之一。
本书坚持理论与实践相结合的科学发展观，以公路工程与公路工程项目管理两部分为依托，分析了公路工程规划设计、公路工程建设施工以及公路工程项目管理全过程存在的问题与现状，并针对这些问题给出可行性建议，以期为我国广大道路交通从业者提供一本切合实用的教材与参考书，为我国公路工程建设的可持续建设略尽绵薄之力。
由于本书包罗内容较多，涉及知识较烦琐，各章节内容的格式、深度和广度可能并不一致，且谬误无可避免，敬请广大读者批评指正。