China is a large agricultural country. In the total agricultural output value, the percentage of animal husbandry has been more than 30. China's total meat production has accounted for 26% of the world's total meat production, and the per capita occupied meat and egg production are both higher than the world average. China has become a big animal husbandry country in the world. Animal husbandry has not only made an important contribution to improving and enriching the material life of our people, but also become an important source of national economic income. It also provides important raw materials for light industry, pharmaceutical industry and foreign trade export. Animal husbandry plays a very important role in the national economy.

      With the steady development of animal husbandry in China for 50 years, especially since the implementation of the reform and opening-up policy, the overall level of animal husbandry has been greatly improved. It has developed from the traditional extensive rural sideline to a pillar industry of the rural economy and even the national economy. Modern biotechnology, ecology, systematics, computer and engineering technology have penetrated into each other. Various new technologies of natural science have been widely used in modern animal husbandry, and many new achievements of social science are also being used in decision-making, management and management process by modern animal husbandry enterprises. With the development of animal husbandry industrialization, especially the improvement of people's living standard and the enhancement of environmental protection awareness, the sustainable development strategy is increasingly concerned by people. The state vigorously promotes the adjustment of agricultural industrial structure, changes the dual planting structure to the ternary planting structure, makes rational use of plant resources, changes grass to meat and grass to milk, gradually changes the production structure of food consuming animals such as pigs and birds in China's animal husbandry, and vigorously develops the production of food-saving herbivorous livestock. The animal husbandry shows an unprecedented good development trend. However, at present, the overall production level of animal husbandry in China is relatively low compared with the developed countries in the world, especially the industrialization and socialization of animal husbandry are not developed enough, the scientific and technological content of animal husbandry is not high, the deep processing of animal products is still in the primary stage, and the spear shield of the development of animal husbandry and environmental protection is gradually emerging. In a country, without the high development of animal husbandry, agricultural modernization is impossible. Nowadays, the output value of animal husbandry in developed countries accounts for more than 50% of the total output value of agriculture, and the potential of modernization and development of animal husbandry is huge. With the continuous improvement of people's living standards, animal husbandry will become a new growth point of China's modernization, and China will gradually develop from a big animal husbandry country in the world to a powerful animal husbandry country.

前言

我国是农业大国，在农业总产值中，畜牧业占有的比重已超过30%。我国肉类总产量已占世界肉类总产量的26%，人均占有的肉量和禽蛋量均超过世界平均水平。我国已成为世界畜牧业大国。畜牧业不但为提高与丰富我国人民的物质生活做出了重要贡献，成为国民经济收入的重要来源，而且为轻工业、医药工业、外贸出口提供了重要的原料，畜牧业在国民经济中占有非常重要的地位。

我国畜牧业50年的稳步发展，特别是国家推行改革开放政策以来，畜牧生产的整体水平有了很大提高，已由过去传统粗放型的农村副业，发展成为农村经济乃至国民经济的一个支柱产业。现代生物技术、生态学、系统学、计算机和工程技术等纷纷渗透交叉，各种自然科学新技术被广泛应用于当代畜牧业，许多社会科学新成果也正被现代畜牧企业应用于决策、管理和经营过程。随着畜牧产业化进程的发展，特别是人民生活水平的提高与环境保护意识的增强，可持续发展战略正日益为人们所关注。国家大力推进农业产业结构调整，改二元种植结构为三元种植结构，合理利用植物资源，变草为肉、变草为乳，逐步改变我国畜牧业中以猪、禽等耗粮型动物为主的生产结构，大力发展节粮型草食家畜生产，畜牧业呈现出前所未有的良好发展态势。但目前我国畜牧业整体生产水平与世界发达国家相比较低，特别是畜牧业产业化与社会化发展不够，养殖业的科技含量还不高，畜产品的深加工尚处于初级阶段，畜牧生产的发展与环境保护的矛盾正逐步显现出来。一个国家，没有畜牧业的高度发展，农业现代化就无从谈起。当今发达国家的畜牧业产值占农业总产值的比重一般都在50%以上，畜牧业现代化建设与发展的潜力巨大。随着人民生活水平的不断提高，畜牧产业必将成为我国现代化建设的一个新的生长点，我国也将由世界畜牧业大国逐步发展成为畜牧业强国。

本书的主要特点是实用准确，先进全面。为适应广大基层工作者的需要，编著者以通俗易懂的方式，严谨的语言风格，以常见病、多发病为主，按疾病分类，分别编写处方，体现了其实用性。本书中的药物处方主要依据国家和国际相关标准编写，有些相关标准中没有的处方，也因疗效安全可靠而收入，体现了其准确性。诚然，畜禽疾病的发生发展错综复杂，千变万化，由于篇幅所限，本书也难以面面俱到。

With the rapid development of science and technology and the increasingly expanding areas between interdisciplinary and interdisciplinary, it makes mining industry enterprises develop from production technology to management technology. Therefore, for the students of geology, measurement, electromechanical and other majors related to mining, it is required that they not only understand the knowledge structure and knowledge system of the major, but also understand the method, process and technology of mineral deposit.

Mineral resource is basic and strategic for living and development of human society. In our country, above 95% energy and 80% raw materials come from mineral resource.

With the development of economy, the ascertained high-quality mineral resource is nearly exhausted. It not only makes China face the crisis of serious shortage of total supply of non-ferrous materials, but also challenges the traditional geology, mining, beneficiation, metallurgy, materials, processing, environment and other science and technology after the complex low-grade ore resources or secondary resources that are "difficult to explore, difficult to mine, difficult to concentrate and difficult to smelt" gradually become the main raw materials. The low quality of resources will make China's non-ferrous metal industry and related industries face the crisis of survival competition. The development of China's nonferrous metal industry urgently needs new theories and new technologies that adapt to the characteristics of China's resources. The publication of non-ferrous metal science and technology books with complete system, leading level and mutual integration plays an important role in improving the independent innovation ability of China's non-ferrous metal industry, promoting the application of new theories and technologies with high efficiency, low consumption, no pollution and comprehensive utilization of non-ferrous metal resources, and ensuring the sustainable development of China's non-ferrous metal industry.

With the progress of science and technology and the renewal of people's understanding of the utilization of the earth's material resources, the number of mineable minerals will continue to increase, and the development of industry, agriculture and social economy will demand more and more mineral resources and rely on them more and more.

As the carrier of mineral resources, mines have made great contribution to the development of national economy. At the same time, the extensive development mode of some mines at the expense of environment has also brought serious environmental problems, which make mines bear too much environmental pressure. Mine environmental problems are mainly manifested in the impact on the mine water environment, atmospheric environment, acoustic environment and ecological environment, especially on the ecological environment. The impact of mineral development on the environment is all-round.

Due to the limitation of the editor's level, we sincerely hope that readers will criticize and make suggestions on the mistakes and inadequacies of this book. Thank you very much.

前言

科学技术的进步日新月异，学科间、专业间的交叉范围日益扩大，这使得采矿工业企业由生产技术型向管理技术型发展，因此，对与采矿专业相关的地质、测量、机电等专业的学生，要求其不仅要了解本专业的知识结构和知识体系，还要了解采矿专业矿床的开采方法、工艺和技术。

矿产资源是人类社会赖以生存和发展的基础战略资源，我国95%的能源和80%以上的原材料均来自矿产资源。

随着经济的发展，已探明的优质矿产资源接近枯竭，不仅使我国面临有色金属材料总量供应严重短缺的危机，而且因为“难探、难采、难选、难冶”的复杂低品位矿石资源或二次资源逐步成为主体原料后，对传统的地质、采矿、选矿、冶金、材料、加工、环境等科学技术提出了巨大挑战。资源的低质化将会使我国有色金属工业及相关产业面临生存竞争的危机。我国有色金属工业的发展迫切需要适应我国资源特点的新理论、新技术。系统完整、水平领先和相互融合的有色金属科技图书的出版，对于提高我国有色金属工业的自主创新能力，促进高效、低耗、无污染、综合利用有色金属资源的新理论与新技术的应用，确保我国有色金属产业的可持续发展，具有重大的推动作用。

随着科技进步和人们对地球物质可资源化利用认识的更新，可开采矿种将不断增加，工、农业和社会经济的发展对矿产资源的需求量将越来越大,对其依赖性也越来越强。

矿山作为矿产资源的载体，在其矿业生产对我国国民经济发展做出重大贡献的同时，一些矿山粗放的、以牺牲环境为代价的开发方式，也带来了严重的矿山环境问题，使矿山承受了太多的环境压力。矿山环境问题主要表现在对矿山水环境、大气环境、声环境和生态环境的影响，尤其是对生态环境的影响。矿产开发对环境的影响是全方位的。

由于编者的水平所限，诚挚地希望读者对本书的错误和不妥之处提出批评与建议，在此表示衷心的感谢！

Orthopaedics is one of the most common departments in major hospitals. The department mainly focuses on the anatomy, physiology and pathology of the skeletal muscle system and keeps and develops the normal morphology and functions by using medicine, surgery and physical methods. With the development and improvement of scientific technology, Orthopaedics has a great development in diagnosis and treatment. The establishment and development of hand surgery make the diagnosis and treatment technology of hand injury popularized and improved rapidly. Orthopaedic rehabilitation is an important branch of orthopaedic research. Orthopaedic rehabilitation is of great significance to rehabilitation medicine. Throughout the development process of rehabilitation medicine over the years, most studies believe that the development of modern rehabilitation medicine is closely related to the recovery of the survival ability of the wounded after World War II. In addition, in modern rehabilitation medicine, orthopaedic rehabilitation patients and diseases also occupy a considerable proportion. At present, orthopaedic rehabilitation is in the stage of rapid development, which is mainly reflected in the diagnosis of orthopaedic diseases, functional evaluation, the formulation and implementation of rehabilitation plan, etc. This becomes more and more rich, and the level of orthopaedic rehabilitation technology has also been significantly improved. It effectively accelerates the functional recovery of patients after surgery, so as to make full preparation for the early rehabilitation training. This book systematically summarizes the traditional Chinese medicine, medical diagnosis and treatment methods and rehabilitation treatment methods of orthopaedic diseases, so as to guide our future work on clinical orthopaedic treatment practice.

前言

骨科是各大医院最常见的科室之一，主要研究骨骼肌肉系统的解剖、生理与病理, 运用药物、手术及物理方法保持和发展这一系统的正常形态与功能。随着科学技术的 发展和进步，骨科学在诊断、治疗方面有了很大的进展。手外科的建立和发展，使手外伤的诊治技术迅速得到普及和提高。骨科康复是骨科研究中的一个重要分支，骨科 康复对康复医学而言具有重要的意义。纵观康复医学历年来的发展过程，多数研究认 为现代康复医学的发展和二战后伤员生存能力恢复密切相关。此外，在现代康复医学 中，骨科康复的患者与疾病也占有相当的分量。目前，骨科康复学正处于快速发展的 阶段，主要体现在骨科疾病的诊断方式、功能评定、康复计划的制订与实施等方面变 得愈加丰富，并且骨科康复技术水平也获得明显的提高，有效地加快了患者术后的功 能恢复，从而为早期康复训练的开展做好充分的准备。本书系统归纳了骨科疾病的中医、 医诊治法及康复治疗方法，以作为 骨科临床治疗实践的参考依据，指导我们今后的工作。

Due to the further development of our country's transportation, the increasing highway capacity and highway traffic volume directly lead to the increasing vehicle load on the highway bridge. While the development of bridge management and maintenance is very slow. Therefore, it is an urgent challenge for us to strengthen the ideological understanding, further improve the bridge management and maintenance, strengthen the bridge detection means, accurately analyze and judge the causes of bridge diseases, and keep the bridge in good working condition.

The book, Construction and Management of Highway and Bridge Engineering, first introduces the highway and bridge construction projects in China, and then puts forward some problems about highway and bridge construction, including the analysis of key and difficult problems in construction technology and construction, as well as solutions and innovative methods. There are also some discussions on the management of highway and bridge construction in China, such as the problems and difficulties encountered in the work, as well as the new planning and problem plan putted forward in the project management. It also refers to the quotation of the new technology of the highway bridge construction. The specific content is relatively broad. Of course, when we talk about the construction and management of the highway bridge, the topic is relatively wide. If there are any omissions or mistakes, the readers and friends are welcomed to give feedback so we can exchange thoughts and study together.

前言

由于我国交通事业的进一步发展，不断提高的公路通行能力以及不断增加的公路交通量，这直接导致公路桥梁承受的车辆荷载不断加大，而桥梁的管理和维护发展却十分缓慢。所以，增强思想认识，进一步提高桥梁管理与维护，加强桥梁检测手段，准确分析判断桥梁病害原因，保持桥梁完好的工作状态，是我们急需面临的挑战。

《公路桥梁建设与管理》这本书首先对我国的公路桥梁建设工程做了简要介绍，再提出了关于公路桥梁建设的一些问题，包括施工技术和施工重难点问题分析，以及解决措施和创新方法，还有针对我国公路工程桥梁建设的管理工作方面的一些探讨，譬如提到了管理工作中遇到的问题和困境，以及在工程管理中提出的新的规划和问题计划等，又提到了公路桥梁建设的新技术的引用问题，具体涵盖的内容还是比较宽泛的，当然我们在提到公路桥梁的建设与管理工作的时候，话题比较广，如果有出现疏漏或者错误的地方欢迎广大读者朋友进行反馈，以供我们共同交流学习。

As the leading and basic industry of national economy, highway construction plays a role of guarantee and support for the economic and social development, and bears a major social responsibility. It is the common responsibility and aspiration of highway builders to strengthen the sense of responsibility and urgency, and maintain the harmonious coexistence and coordinated development of environmental conditions and transportation standing at the height of the overall situation and the whole society. To realize the construction management of highway engineering, we should start from the quality management cost management and the information construction of highway engineering.

To achieve the sustained development of highway career, highway engineering construction and management must improve its own ability. It is depended on the Powerful and efficient network information management system to manage well about the quality and price.

前言

公路建设作为国民经济的先行行业和基础产业，对经济社会发展起着保障、支撑作用，担负着重大的社会职责。站在全局、全社会的高度，切实增强责任感和紧迫感，保持环境条件与交通事业的和谐共生、协调发展，是公路建设者共同责任和心愿。要实现公路工程的建设管理就要分别从质量管理造价管理和公路工程的信息化建设抓起。

在公路工程建设管理中，要实现公路事业的可持续进步， 公路工程建设管理就必须提高自身能力，进行改进。管好质量和价格两大关键还需要依靠强有力的，高效率的网络化信息管理系统。