With the continuous development of social history and the continuous progress of science and technology, people have paid more and more attention to the role of education, and have higher and higher expectations of education. Education should serve not only social and economic development and technological progress, but also social reform and cultural development. This is the complete connotation that education serves the socialist modernization construction. The National Medium- and Long-Term Educational Reform and Development Program (2010-2020) clearly states that the focus of future education reform and development is to promote education equity and improve education quality. In modern economic construction, people have have the view of “30% technology, 70% management”, and put forward the slogans “to scientific management for quality” and “to scientific operation and management for efficiency”, which shows the importance of management. The same goes for teaching management. Teaching management is the core work of a school, which directly affects the quality of school education and teaching, and plays a vital role in the long-term development of the school. Facing the requirements of the entire society for the educational process and results, and for the professional quality of teachers, teaching managers must pay attention to how to adapt to the new changes in the new situation of education, how school managers will adapt to the reform and development of education, and how to make adjustments.

Informatization has become the overall cause of China’s current education field; and it seems to be the contemporary form of China’s education modernization. The field of educational technology has always been at the forefront of educational informatization. Therefore, it is necessary for educational technologists to discuss the modernity problem of education from the perspective of their own practice and research; and then we may learn our understanding of educational informationization.

This book provides a basic and comprehensive introduction to modern education and teaching management from the content of eight chapters. It is hoped that it can provide reference for relevant staff.

前言

随着社会历史的不断发展和科学技术的不断进步，人们越来越重视教育的作用，对教育的期望也越来越高。教育不仅应该为社会经济发展和科技进步服务，更应该为社会改革和文化发展服务，这是教育为社会主义现代化建设服务的完整内涵。在《国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要》中明确指出：今后教育改革和发展的重点是促进教育公平和提高教育质量。在现代经济建设中，人们有“三分技术，七分管理”的说法，提出了“向科学管理要质量”，“向科学经营管理要效益”的口号，足见管理的重要性。教学管理工作亦如此。教学管理是学校的核心工作，它直接影响着学校的教育教学质量，对于学校的长远发展起着至关重要的作用。面对整个社会对教育过程和结果的要求、对教师职业素质的要求,教学管理者必须关注如何去适应教育新形势下的新变化，学校管理者又将怎样去适应教育的改革和发展变化，以及做出怎样的调整方案等问题。

信息化已成为中国当下教育领域的整体事业，似乎也是中国教育现代化的当代形式。教育技术领域一直冲在教育信息化的排头。因此，教育技术学者有必要从自身实践与研究视野出发，讨论教育的现代性问题，并由此反观我们对教育信息化的理解。

本书从八章内容对现代教育与教学管理进行基础全面的介绍，希望能够为相关工作人员提供资料借鉴。

Health economics is the application of various economic disciplines in the field of health, which is also closely related to medicine, hygiene, demography, and sociology. With the further development of China’s health economic system reform, the role of economic management in the overall framework has become increasingly important. The so-called health economic management refers to the supervision and management of various economic activities in the operation process of health service institutions; and according to the relevant financial management system, to further ensure its normal operation, thereby improving the overall efficiency of the health system.

This book consists of six chapters. The introduction section briefly introduces the concepts and basic conditions of health and economics, health economics and health economic management, and then focuses on the basic theories of health economics (health service demand, supply, market, and health financing & total costs), health economic policies (public health service system, medical service system, health security system and medical insurance), health economic resources and allocation, health economic management (cost and price management of medical services, drug market and price control, budget and management of health institutions, financial management and analysis of health, asset management of health institutions), health economic management in the new era (reform of economic compensation mechanisms in public hospitals, primary health economic management, and application of community health service system management and information technology in health economic management).

前言

卫生经济学是多种经济学科在卫生领域中的应用，与医学、卫生学、人口学、社会学也有着密切的联系。随着我国卫生经济体制改革的进一步深入，经济管理在整体框架中所起到的作用也越来越重要。所谓卫生经济管理，指的就是对卫生服务机构运行过程中的各项经济活动进行监督管理，根据相关的财务管理制度，进一步确保其正常运行，从而提升卫生体系的整体效益。

本书共六章，绪论部分对卫生与经济学、卫生经济学与卫生经济管理的概念与基本情况进行简要说明，后重点阐释卫生经济学基础理论，如卫生服务需求、供给、市场以及卫生筹资和总费用；卫生经济政策，如公共卫生服务体系、医疗服务体系、健康保障制度与医疗保险；卫生经济资源与配置；卫生经济管理，如医疗卫生服务成本与价格管理，药品市场与价格管制，卫生事业单位预算与管理，卫生财务管理与分析，卫生机构资产管理；新时期卫生经济管理，如公立医院经济补偿机制改革、基层卫生经济管理、社区卫生服务体系管理与信息技术在卫生经济管理中的应用。

With the acceleration of urbanization, there are more and more real estate development and tourism construction industries. People's understanding of the construction industry is not limited to surface construction techniques. More and more architectural designers begin to pay attention to the construction technology and theoretical basis of architectural construction. Therefore, advanced construction technology is applied to civil engineering construction, which improves the progress of engineering construction, reduces the labor intensity of workers and saves construction costs. At the same time, in order to better develop civil engineering construction and continuously improve the development of civil engineering construction technology, it is necessary to take targeted development measures to promote the better and faster development of construction projects.

This book analyzes and elaborates the construction of civil engineering from eight chapters. The authors hope to help some related staff.

前言

随着城市化进程的加快，房地产开发、旅游建筑业越来越多，人们对于建筑行业的认识与了解不仅仅停留在表面施工技术上，越来越多的建筑设计者们开始关注建筑施工的施工技术与理论基础。因此，先进的施工技术应用到了土木工程建筑施工中，提高了工程建设的进度，减轻了工人的劳动强度，节约了建设费用。同时，为了更好的发展土木工程建设，不断提高土木工程建设技术的发展，必须采取有针对性的发展对策，促进建筑项目更好更快地发展。

本书从八章内容对土木工程建设与施工进行详细的分析与阐述，内容全面，希望有一定的帮助。

After a long course of struggle and continuous efforts, human beings have made brilliant achievements in social economy. However, human development has also caused great damage to the ecology, caused great pollution to the environment, and posed a real threat to human survival and development. It is an urgent and arduous task for all mankind to protect and improve the ecological environment and achieve the sustainable development of human society. Therefore, environmental protection is the prerequisite for achieving social development. To protect the environment, and ensure the harmony between man and nature is the prerequisite for further economic development and the guarantee of the continuation of human civilization. So the issue of ecological environment has become a hot topic that attracts much attention from human beings.

This book will briefly discuss several aspects:introduction, natural resources, natural resource development, natural resource consumption and environmental pollution, natural resource management and protection, ecological engineering, environmental ecological technology and applications, natural resources and ecological environment under information technology, infrastructure and ecological environment.

前言

人类在经过漫长的奋斗历程，不断努力后，在社会经济方面取得了辉煌的成就，然而，人类的发展也对生态造成了很大的破坏，对环境造成了很大的污染，对人类的生存和发展已经构成了现实威胁。保护和改善生态环境，实现人类社会的持续发展，是全人类紧迫而艰巨的任务。因此，环境保护是实现社会发展的前提，保护环境，确保人与自然的和谐，是经济能够得到进一步发展的前提，也是人类文明延续的保证。故而生态环境问题成为备受人类关注的热门话题。

本书分为绪论、自然资源、自然资源开发、自然资源消耗与环境污染、自然资源管理与保护、生态工程、环境生态技术及应用、信息技术下的自然资源与生态环境、基础建设与生态环境等方面进行了简要的论述。

Contract management is an important basis for promoting enterprise development. Only by establishing a sound enterprise contract management system, strengthening training and education, cultivating a group of high-quality contract managers, strictly reviewing and controlling the risk points of the contract, and attaching importance to standardizing performance claims, and achieving standardization and professional management of contracts, can we meet the needs of enterprise development. Pound, a famous American jurist, once said, “In the commercial era, wealth is mostly made up of contracts.” Under the conditions of a market economy, in order to achieve certain economic purposes, enterprises clearly define their mutual rights and obligations, mainly through contracts. The civil relationship established by an enterprise through a contract is a kind of civil legal relationship protected by law, so the act of establishing a civil legal relationship by signing a contract is a civil legal act, which is inevitable in the process of enterprise operation. Therefore, contract management is very important for the development of an enterprise, and it is a basic work to prevent business risks. It exists in all links of business operations and has the characteristics of autonomy, comprehensiveness, and overall process.

This book elaborates on enterprise management and innovation, contract management, contract organization and system, contract negotiation and review, contract formulation, enterprise contract management system, enterprise contract risk management, and enterprise contract risk prevention.

前言

合同管理是推动企业发展的重要依据。只有建立健全的企业合同管理制度，加强培训教育，培养一批高素质的合同管理人员，严格审查和控制合同的风险点，并重视规范履约索赔，实现合同标准化、专业化管理，才能满足企业发展的需要。美国著名法学家庞德曾说过：“在商业时代，财富大部分由合同构成”。在市场经济条件下，企业为实现一定的经济目的，明确相互权利义务关系，主要是通过合同形式进行的。企业通过合同所确立的民事关系，是一种受法律保护的民事法律关系，所以通过签订合同建立民事法律关系的行为是一种民事法律行为，是企业经营活动过程不可避免的行为。因此，合同管理对企业的发展非常重要，是防范企业经营风险的基础性工作，存在于企业经营活动的各个环节中，具有自治性、综合性、全程性的特征。

本书对企业管理与创新、合同管理、合同组织与制度、合同谈判与审查、合同制定、企业合同管理制度、企业合同风险管理、企业合同风险防范等方面进行了一定的阐述。