In recent years, the state has paid more and more attention to public infrastructure construction with economic development, and more water conservancy projects have been constructing. After water conservancy projects completed and put into use, the maintenance and management of them then become extremely important, because it will influence the operation, efficiency and service life. In the new period, the maintenance and management of water conservancy projects attract more attention in the construction and development of water conservancy projects. Based on this, the paper analyzes the current situation and carries out the practice of maintenance and management of water conservancy projects.
   In the construction of water conservancy project, the effective management and maintenance need to be combined with practice, and with a scientific management mode, in order to realize the maintenance efficiency. In order to further study the maintenance and management strategies of water conservancy project, based on the effective work
experience and practice, the paper clearly analyzes the importance of water conservancy project construction and puts forward specific maintenance strategies. We hope to ensure the long-term development of water conservancy projects to meet people’s need and lay a good foundation for social and economic construction and stable development of society.

前 言

近年来，随着国家经济发展，公共基础设施的建设受到国家越来越多的重视，更多的水利工程正在投入建设当中。当水利工程建成并投入使用时，对于工程的维修养护管理工作就会变得至关重要，因为这将对工程的安全运行、发挥效益和使用寿命产生影响。新时期，水利工程建设发展对水利工程维修养护管理工作格外的关注，基于此，在本文中对水利工程维修养护管理现状进行分析，并且开展水利工程维修养护管理实践。
       在水利工程建设中，其有效的管理与养护需要与实际相结合，并制定科学的管理模式，从而才能实现养护效率，为进一步研究水利工程养护与管理策略，本文基于有效工作经验与实践，明确分析了水利工程建设的重要性，提出具体养护策略，结合进一步简明阐述，希望能够确保水利工程项目长效发展，以满足人们需求，为社会经济建设以及社会稳定发展奠定良好基础。

Resource shortage and environmental pollution are one of the prominent problems in today’s human society, in which water resources and environment bear the brunt. Water is not only an indispensably important material for human beings and other organisms to survive, but also an irreplaceable and extremely valuable natural resource for industrial and agricultural production, as well as for socio-economic development and ecological environment improvement. However, water resources in nature are limited. With the continuous growth of population and rapid development of economy, water consumption keeps increasing, as well as the amount of discharged waste water and sewage. The uncoordinated relationship stands out among water resources, socio-economic developmentand eco-environmental protection. The unreasonable development and utilization of water resources not only bring about general water shortage, but also possibly leads to regional ecological deterioration, which seriously influence the survival and development of human beings.
   Looking at the world civilization history we can see, both Europe, the birthplace of the industrial revolution, and the United States, the most advanced country in science and technology, have experienced painful lessons from water pollution. The first serious environmental problem which is caused by rapid economic development in the past 40 years reform and opening up in China, is also water pollution. Water pollution not only aggravates the water crisis in arid and semi-arid areas, but also makes “water shortage in water villages” happens more frequently. In order to solve these water problems timely and effectively, we must strengthen the planning and management of water resources, pay attention to the coordination among water resources, society, economy and environment, and stick to sustainable development. As a result, the state attaches more importance to environmental protection, proposes to strengthen environmental protection, and to actively promote regional environmental treatment in key river basins and urban sewage and garbage treatment, agricultural non-point source pollution treatment, comprehensive treatment of heavy metal pollution and so on. The rational utilization and protection of water resources is not only a major strategy that our country must vigorously develop and urgently promote at the present stage, but also a common issue faced by the whole human society

前 言

资源短缺与环境污染是当今世界人类社会的突出问题，水资源与水环境首当其冲。水是人类及其他生物赖以生存的不可缺少的重要物质，也是工农业生产、社会经济发展和生态环境改善不可替代的极为宝贵的自然资源。然而，自然界中的水资源是有限的，随着人口的不断增长和社会经济的迅速发展，用水量在不断增加，排放的废水、污水量也在不断增加，水资源与社会经济发展、生态环境保护之间的不协调关系在“水”上表现得十分突出。水资源的不合理开发和利用不仅引起大面积的缺水危机，还可能诱发区域性的生态恶化，严重地困扰着人类的生存和发展。
       放眼世界文明史，无论是工业革命的发源地欧洲，还是科技最发达的美国，都经历了水污染的惨痛教训。 我国改革开放 40 年经济的高速发展， 最先凸显的沉重的环境代价也是水污染。水污染不仅进一步加剧了干旱、半干旱地区的水危机，也造成了“水乡缺水”情景的频繁发生。为了及时有效地解决这些水问题，必须加强水资源的规划与管理，必须统筹考虑水资源与社会、经济、环境之间的协调，走可持续发展道路。为此，国家把环境保护摆到更加重要的位置，提出要加强环境保护，积极推进重点流域区域环境治理及城镇污水垃圾处理、农业面源污染治理、重金属污染综合整治等工作。水资源的合理利用与保护，不仅是我国现阶段必须大力发展和急需推进的重大战略，更是人类社会共同面临的课题。

With the rapid development of urban construction in our country, especially after the 1990s, there has been an increasing number of high-rise and super high-rise building projects. Accompanying this, the excavation area of foundation pits becomes larger and larger, and excavation depth deeper and deeper (some exceeds 30m).
   The foundation pits of high-rise buildings are usually excavated between dense urban building groups. The narrowness of the construction site and the technical difficulties of construction are unprecedented. In addition to ensuring the stability of the foundation pit itself, the excavation of foundation pits must also ensure the safety of adjacent buildings. Therefore, excavating foundation pits in a narrow site will not only bring great difficulties to the design of support, but will also post a great threat to the safe use of adjacent buildings.

   Foundation pit engineering is a highly comprehensive systematic engineering, involving three basic topics of stability, deformation and seepage around soil mechanics. The three, combined together, require comprehensive treatment. It needs not only to study the strength, deformation and stability of soil, but also to study the interaction between soil and structure. At the same time, it is also necessary to study the impact and restriction of construction methods and construction process on rock and soil mass, the control of deformation feedback on structure design, design methods and calculation methods and other important issues. Due to the complexity and uncertainty of foundation pit engineering, information-based construction is very important. Through the real-time detection of construction site, designers can timely modify the deficiencies in the plan based on feedback information, and take active and effective remedial measures. Foundation pit engineering has become a hot issue in the field of geotechnical engineering, while supporting technology a difficult issue.

前 言

随着我国城市建设的快速发展，特别是 20 世纪 90 年代之后，高层和超高层建筑项目日益增多，与之相伴的是基坑开挖面积越来越大、开挖深度越来越深(部分深基坑超过 30m)。
       高层建筑的基坑通常在城市密集的建筑群之间开挖，其场地之狭窄，施工技术难度之大是前所未有的。基坑开挖除要保证基坑自身的稳定外，还必须保证邻近建筑设施的安全，因此在狭窄的场地内开挖基坑不仅会给支护设计带来很大困难。也会对邻近建筑的安全使用造成很大威胁。
       基坑工程一个综合性很强的系统工程，涉及土力学中稳定性、变形及渗流三个基本课题，三者结合在一起，需要综合处理。不但要研究土的强度、变形、稳定性问题，还要研究土与结构的相互作用。与此同时，还需要研究施工方法及施工过程对岩土体的影响和制约，变形反馈对结构设计的控制，设计方法和计算方法等重要问题。由于基坑工程的复杂性和不确定性，信息化施工就显得十分重要，通过对现场的实时检测，设计人员可以根据反馈信息及时修改方案中的不足，采取积极有效的补救措施。基坑工程已成为岩土工程界的热点问题，支护技术则成为难点问题。

Training and development are becoming more and more important for enterprises. More and more enterprises pay more attention to two new purposes than the training and development of certain professional skills: first, to train the employees with other more general skills, making the employees convert from single-skill to multiskilled, in order to adapt to the changing customer needs and organizational development needs, such as the skills to proactively address customer needs, effective communication skills, teamwork skills and learning skills; second, to use training and development to strengthen employees’ identification with the organization, increase their loyalty, cultivate their awareness of customer service, improve their adaptability and flexibility, and enable employees to grow in line with the organization.
   In modern society, almost everyone’s life is closely related to their career, and everyone will consciously or unconsciously design their own career path. Without a clear career development plan, drifting through life, chasing small profits, but losing the right direction, all of which should be the important reasons for many people’s unsatisfactory careers in the first half of their career lives. Also there are many legendary experiences that come from far behind to win that tells us careers can be planned and changed. Therefore, each of us should pay high attention to and effectively design and manage our career.

前 言

培训与开发对企业的意义越来越重要。越来越多的企业对员工能力的培训与开发，已经超越某一项专业技能的培训与开发，而更多着重于两个新的目的：一是向员工传授其他更为广泛的技能，使员工的技能由单一技能向多重技能转换，以适应不断变化的客户需求与组织发展的需要，如主动解决客户需求的技能、有效的沟通技能、团队合作技能及学习技能；二是利用培训与开发来强化员工对组织的认同，提高员工的忠诚度，培养员工的客户服务意识，提高员工的适应性和灵活性，使员工与组织同步成长。
       在现代社会，几乎每个人的生活都与职业息息相关，每个人都会自觉或不自觉地设计自己的职业生涯之路。没有明确的职业发展规划，随波逐流，顾小利而失大方向应该是很多人前半生职业不如意的重要原因，而同样有很多后来居上的传奇经历也告诉我们职业生涯是可以规划和改变的。因此，我们每个人都应该高度重视并有效设计与管理自己的职业生涯。

In recent years, with the acceleration of urbanization, construction land has become more and more scarce. With the development of urbanization, more people are transferred to large cities, which increases the overall demand for construction land. If architectural designers blindly increase the total building area of the city and increase the energy consumption per unit area, it will deviate from the idea of green environmental protection, and it is also not conducive to the improvement of the comprehensive level of the construction industry. Compared with traditional buildings, green buildings, from the comprehensive consideration of energy saving, low-carbon, environmental protection and other aspects, provide people with healthy, applicable and efficient use space, achieve harmonious coexistence with nature, in essence, keep in line with the concept of environmental protection, and are conducive to the implementation of the fundamental goal of emission reduction and energy conservation, and green buildings are the concrete embodiment of the concept of sustainable development in architecture. At present, both design and technology of green buildings are used more and more widely in the construction industry. They not only further improve the defects of modern buildings in environmental protection, but also reflect the new requirements of the continuous development of the social era for buildings.

   This book is divided into six chapters. It conducted a detailed analysis and elaboration from the design and technical point of view of green building, found that there are various problems, and put forward the corresponding suggestions, measures and methods, so as to contribute to the development of China’s construction industry.

前 言

近些年来，城市化进程逐步加快，建筑用地也变得更加紧缺。在城市化的推进下，更多人口转移至大型城市，因此也增加了建筑用地的整体需要。建筑设计人员如果盲目增加城市的总建筑面积，增加单位面积的能耗，那么将会背离绿色环保的思想理念，同时也不利于建筑业综合水准的提高。相比于传统建筑，绿色建筑从节能、低碳、环保等方面的综合考虑，为人们提供健康、适用、高效的使用空间，做到与自然的和谐共生，在本质上符合了环保理念，有利于落实减排与节能的根本目标，是可持续发展理念在建筑方面的具体体现。目前，绿色建筑不管是设计还是技术，在建筑行业运用越来越广泛，它们不仅进一步完善了现代建筑在环境保护方面的缺陷，更体现出社会时代的不断发展对于建筑的新要求。
       本书分为六个章节，从设计和技术角度对绿色建筑进行了详细的分析与阐述，发现其中存在的各种问题，并提出了相应的建议、措施和方法，从而为中国建筑行业发展贡献一份力量。