Water is an indispensable and important material for human beings and all living things. It is also an irreplaceable and precious natural resource for industrial and agricultural production, economic development and environmental improvement. However, the shortage of water resources, flood disasters and water environment pollution are becoming increasingly serious, which forces human beings to pay attention to the protection and utilization of water resources and water environment. Water environment is one of the basic elements of the environment, is an important place for the survival and development of human society, and is also the most seriously disturbed and damaged area by human beings. At present, based on the evaluation of regional water resources, scientific researchers begin to study the rational planning, scientific management and effective protection of water resources from the perspective of optimizing the benefits of water resources system, so as to coordinate the water demand of water resources with the water resources carrying capacity of regional environment, and realize the sustainable utilization and coordinated development of water resources.
    This book mainly describes the related knowledge of hydrology and water resources, and introduces the development, management and protection of water environment. The development of national economy and the improvement of human living standards are restricted by the state of water resources. The reasonable development and utilization, effective protection and management of water resources is an important guarantee to maintain the sustainable utilization and virtuous cycle of water resources, and also the key to maintain social progress and sustainable development of national economy. In the past decade, the situation of water resources in the world has been deteriorating, the shortage of water resources is serious, and the contradiction between supply and demand has become increasingly prominent. The direct causes are the blind and disorderly development and utilization of water resources, the unreasonable layout of development and utilization projects, especially the uncontrolled expansion of exploitation and utilization, poor management, and ineffective protection measures. Effective and rational use of water resources, protection and management of water resources has become an important research topic in the field of world water resources research.

前 言

水是人类及一切生物赖以生存的不可缺少的重要物质，也是工农业生产、经济发展和环境改善不可替代的极为宝贵的自然资源。但目前水资源短缺、洪涝灾害、水环境污染等问题日益严重，这迫使人类必须重视水资源与水环境的保护与利用。水环境是构成环境的基本要素之一，是人类社会赖以生存和发展的重要场所，也是受人类干扰和破坏最严重的领域。当前科研人员在评价区域水资源的基础上，从水资源系统发挥的效益最佳化角度出发，开始研究水资源的合理规划、科学管理和有效保护，使水资源的用水需求尽量与区域环境的水资源承载能力相协调，实现水资源的可持续利用与协调发展。
        本文主要讲述了水文水资源的相关知识，介绍了水环境的开发、管理与保护的内容。国民经济的发展和人类生活水平的提高受水资源状态的制约。水资源的合理开发利用、有效保护与管理是维持水资源可持续利用、良性循环的重要保证，也是维持社会进步、国民经济可持续发展的关键所在。近十几年来，世界范围内水资源状况不断恶化，水资源短缺严重，供需矛盾日益突出，产生的直接原因是盲目和无序地开发利用水资源， 开发利用工程布置不合理， 尤其是无节制地扩大开采利用量、管理不善、保护措施不力。有效合理地利用水资源、保护和管理水资源成为世界水资源研究领域的重要研究课题。

Water resource is a very important and special natural resource. It is an indispensable precious resource for human beings and all living things. It is an important condition to support the normal operation of life system and non life environment system. At the same time, it is also an important natural resource and material basis for the economic construction and social development of a country or region. If there is less water or no water, it will not be able to maintain the vitality of the earth and the ecological and biological diversity, and it will not be able to carry out various social and economic activities. Therefore, the abundant and dry water resources and the development and utilization of water resources affect the economic development and ecological balance of a region to a great extent, and the sustainable development of water resources is one of the components of the sustainable development of the whole society.
      The sustainable development of water resources refers to the sharing of water resources not only with the present era, but also with future generations. It is not only the sharing of water resources by people, but also the sharing of water resources by people and the environment. It is an important guarantee to realize the sustainable development of water resources to reasonably and comprehensively consider the relationship among water resources, social economy and ecological environment, and reasonably allocate water resources.
    Environment, including natural environment and human environment. Natural environment, composed of biosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere and lithosphere, is the necessary geological condition for people's survival and development, and the sum of various natural factors around human beings. Human activities have a great impact on geology and environment, especially a series of reactions caused by over exploitation of groundwater. This book analyzes and discusses this.

前 言

水资源是一种十分重要而又特殊的自然资源，是人类和一切生物赖以生存的不可缺少的一种宝贵资源，是支撑生命系统、非生命环境系统正常运转的重要条件，同时也是一个国家或地区经济建设和社会发展的重要自然资源和物质基础。如果缺水或无水，将无法维持地球的生命力和生态、生物的多样性，将无法开展各项社会经济活动，因此，水资源的丰枯以及开发利用情况在很大程度上影响着一个地区的经济发展与生态平衡， 水资源的可持续发展是整个社会可持续发展的组成部分之一。
       水资源的可持续发展， 指水资源不仅要实现当今时代的共享， 还要与后代共享，不仅是人对水资源的共享，还有人与环境对水资源的共享，合理全面考虑水资源、社会经济和生态环境之间的关系，进行水资源的合理配置，是实现水资源可持续发展的重要保证。
       环境，包括自然环境和人类环境。自然环境，由生物圈、大气圈、水圈和岩石圈组成， 是人们赖以生存和发展的必要地质条件， 是人类周围各种自然因素的总和。人类活动对地质与环境产生了非常大的影响，尤其对地下水的过度开发所引起的一系列反应。本书对此展开分析与探讨。

Children are the future masters of the world and a new generation of human beings moving towards more enlightened and civilized. Pediatrics carries a good hope and continuously explore the mysteries of life science together with other medical disciplines hoping to be more substantial and perfect. Therefore, with the developing pediatrics to ensure the healthy growth of children, we can better cultivate the pillars of the country and millions of talents and then make the country strong and prosperous.
  From childhood to adulthood, a person’s growth and development follow certain regular patterns. Parents and pediatric workers who master the regular patterns will know how to nurture, teach and protect children in order to let it grow strongly and how to prevent and treat diseases and make them recover as soon as possible. The former one is a vital event that parents pay close attention to and are willing to pay love for; the latter one is a good prescription that medical workers must understand, master and flexibly use. In short, careful care of children is a problem of the whole society.
  In recent years, pediatrics has made great progress in basic research and clinical application. New technology, new methods and new medicine emerges continuously. If children’s common diseases are not diagnosed and treated timely and accurately, the best treatment opportunity will be missed, which leads to serious complications and (or) sequelae and even threaten children’s lives. Therefore, how to make early diagnosis and organize treatment becomes the key to the problem.

前 言

儿童是世界未来的主人，是人类走向更进步、更文明的新一代。儿科学载负着美好的希望与其他医学学科不断探索生命科学的奥秘，祈求更充实、更完善。因此，有了保障儿童健康成长不断发展的儿科学，就能更好地培养国家的栋梁，培育百千万英才，造就国家的强盛和兴旺发达。
      人呱呱坠地，从孩童到成年，生长发育遵循一定的规律，父母们、儿科医护工作者掌握了这个规律，便会知道如何哺育、教养、保健，使之苗壮成长;又如何防病治病，使之尽快康复等等问题。前者，是为人父母所密切关注的，并愿为之付出爱心的切身大事：后者，是广大医务工作者必须了解、掌握和灵活运用的济世良方。概而言之，仔细呵护儿童是全社会问题。
       近年来，儿科学取得了重大突破，在基础研究与临床应用方面均取得了较大进展，新技术、新方法、新药物不断涌现。小儿常见疾病若得不到及时、正确的诊断和治疗，将会错过最佳的治疗时机，导致严重的并发症和(或)后遗症，重者或威胁患儿的生命。因此，如何早期诊断并组织治疗，就成为问题的关键。

With the rapid development of economy, China’s oil gradually appears in short supply. In order to meet the current situation of insufficient oil supply in China, we should not only base ourselves on the exploitation of surface oil fields, but also devote ourselves to the development of offshore oil operations. China is rich in marine resources, offshore oil reserves account for the vast majority of China’s oil reserves, so the development of offshore oil is the focus of China’s oil development.
  In the process of oil exploitation, people began to attach great importance to the economy and environmental protection of resource exploitation, with the help of advanced technology to enhance the comprehensive benefits of oil exploitation. In the background of this era, people need to actively study the problems of oil technology in oil exploitation engineering and develop specific measures. Among them, there is a shortage of oil resources in our country. In order to save and exploit oil resources better and ensure more operation benefits, we need to pay more attention to oil extraction technology, promote the efficient development of oil extraction technology, and provide more reliable guarantee for the smooth progress of oil extraction engineering.
  As an important energy in our daily life, petroleum energy has brought us a lot of convenience. However, we need to pay attention to the fact that petroleum energy is not inexhaustible energy and its reserves are limited. Therefore, we should pay special attention to petroleum exploitation and strive to improve the exploitation efficiency of petroleum energy. But at present, the efficiency of oil energy exploitation is only between 35% and 45%, which shows that the efficiency of oil exploitation is very low, and it is a waste of oil exploitation that there is not enough oil exploitation. With the acceleration of economic globalization, the development of China’s economy and science and technology has also promoted the development of oil exploitation industry. The oil exploitation engineering technology directly affects the development of the oil industry, and also directly affects the efficient development and utilization of oil. Generally speaking, through the continuous innovation and development of oil exploitation engineering technology, it also promotes the continuous development of China’s economy.

前 言

随着经济的迅速发展，我国的石油逐渐出现了供不应求的现象。为了满足我国目前这种供给不足的石油现状，我们不仅要立足于地面油田的开采工作，更要致力于大力发展海上石油作业。我国的海洋资源丰富，海上石油储量是在我国石油储量中占绝大多数，于是发展海上石油是我国石油开发的重点。
        在进行石油开采的时候，人们开始高度重视资源开采的节约性以及环保性，借助先进的技术来提升石油开采的综合效益。在这个时代背景中，人们需要积极地研究石油开采工程中技术石油的问题和发展具体措施。其中我们国家石油资源存在短缺的问题， 要想能够更好地节约以及开采石油资源， 确保可以获得更多的作业效益，就需要增强对于采油技术的重视，促进采油技术的高效化发展，为石油开采工程的顺利进行提供更加可靠的保障。
        作为我们日常生活中的重要能源，石油能源为我们的生活带来了非常多的便利，但是我们需要注意的一点是，石油能源并不是取之不竭的能源，储量有限，因此我们在进行石油开采的时候要格外重视，努力提升石油能源的开采效率。但是目前石油能源的开采效率仅仅达到了 35%到 45%之间，这样就说明目前的石油开采效率非常低下，没有充分的对石油进行开采， 是一种浪费形式的石油开采。随着经济全球化进程的加快，我国经济和科技的发展，也推动了石油开采行业的发展。而石油开采工程技术直接影响石油行业的开发，也直接影响石油的高效开发以及利用。总体来说，通过石油开采工程技术的不断创新和发展，也推动了我国经济的不断发展。

This book comprehensively and systematically expounds the basic research of social security and statistics, combines the reality of the development and reform of social security at home and abroad, starts from the theory and reality of social security, and analyzes relevant cases and reflects the new progress of the theory and practice of social security. On the basis of giving consideration to the unity of theory and practice, the book highlights the applicability and uses more chapters to elaborate the current social security system and its operation. Social statistics is a macro methodological statistical discipline corresponding to economic statistics. On the basis of integrity and practicability, it emphasizes timeliness and practicability, attaches great importance to the updating of data and information and further reflect the guiding role of social statistics on social phenomena.

前 言

本书全面系统地阐述了社会保障与统计基础研究， 结合国内外社会保障发展与改革的实际，从社会保障理论和实际出发，通过相关案例进行了分析，反映了社会保障理论与实践的新进展。在兼顾理论性与实践性统一的基础上，更加突出应用性，将更多章节用于阐述我国现行的社会保障制度及其运行。 社会统计学是与经济统计学相对应的宏观性方法论统计学科。在完整性与实用性的基础上，更强调时效性与实用性，非常注重数据与资料的更新。进一步体现社会统计学对社会现象的指导作用。