The relationship between foreign trade and economic management has always been an important research content of development economists and international economists. Regional economy is an important part of the national economy and a spatial system of the national economy. According to its essence, a regional economy is a national economy with regional characteristics. An international foreign trade is based on regional foreign trade. The comparative advantage and realization model of a country’s participation in international division of labor and foreign trade are based on the regional competitiveness of resources in each region of the country. Therefore, the economic development concept of international trade theory can be used not only for analysis of macroeconomic development, but also for guiding economic practices in different regions within a country. Regional participation in foreign trade within a country is not only conducive to giving play to regional comparative advantages, improving labor efficiency, saving social labor, and increasing social wealth; it also helps to attract competitive mechanisms and introduce foreign advanced technology, production methods, economic systems, equipment, and management experience to generate latecomer advantages and realize the reconstruction of regional comparative advantages.

Therefore, this book analyzes and discusses foreign trade and economic management in detail from the content of seven chapters, hoping to have some help.

前言

对外贸易与经济管理的关系问题一直是发展经济学家和国际经济学家研究的重要内容。区域经济是国民经济的重要组成部分，是一个国家经济的空间系统，按其实质来说，区域经济是具有区域特色的国民经济。一个国际的对外贸易是以地区对外贸易为基础，一个国家参与国际分工和对外贸易的比较优势和实现模式是建立在该国各地区的资源区域竞争力基础之上。因此，国际贸易理论的经济发展观既可以用于宏观经济发展的分析，也可以用于指导一国之内不同地区的经济实践。一国之内的区域参与对外贸易不仅有利于发挥地区比较优势，提高劳动效率，节约社会劳动，增加社会财富;而且有助于引人竞争机制，引进国外先进的技术、生产方式、经济体制、设备和管理经验，产生后发优势，实现区域比较优势的再造。

因此，本书从七章内容对对外贸易与经济管理进行详细的分析和探讨，希望有一定的帮助。

The main content of mineral resources exploration is prospecting, which refers to the working process of using the ore-forming theory and known ore-forming laws, according to the geological conditions of the working area, using remote sensing technology, geology, geochemistry, geophysics and other methods to find deposits. According to the principle of step-by-step and step-by-step, mineral resources exploration can be divided into four stages: pre investigation, general survey, detailed investigation and exploration. Its tasks are respectively to make a prospective evaluation of regional mineral resources, submit the deep exposure point, submit the exploration point and submit the deposit. The work in each stage of mineral exploration should be guided by the analysis and research of the metallogenic geological conditions in the region, and the comprehensive prospecting method should be adopted according to the geological characteristics of the region and local conditions, so as to achieve the goal more scientifically and economically.

Geotechnical engineering is based on the theories of soil mechanics, rock mechanics, engineering geology and basic engineering. It is a marginal discipline formed by the combination of geology, mechanics, civil engineering, material science and other disciplines. At the same time, it is also a discipline closely combined with geology and engineering. It mainly solves the engineering and technical problems of rock and soil in various projects. As far as its connotation and attribute are concerned, it belongs to the category of civil engineering and plays an important role in civil engineering.

As special engineering materials, rock and soil are different from concrete, steel and other artificial materials. It is the product of nature. It is different with different natural environment, so it shows different engineering characteristics. This leads to the complexity and variability of geotechnical engineering, and the larger the scale of civil engineering, the more prominent and complex the geotechnical engineering problems. In practical projects, geotechnical problems and foundation problems are often the main factors that affect investment and limit construction period. If they did not handled properly, they may bring disastrous consequences. With the continuous expansion of the scale of civil engineering, geotechnical engineering has different branches, and geotechnical investigation is an important branch of geotechnical engineering.

The major of geological engineering includes the traditional engineering geology and prospecting engineering. It is an indispensable major in the national economic construction of our country. With the development of human society and technological progress, its position is becoming more and more important, and its application field is becoming more and more extensive. In addition to serving the traditional geological prospecting, geological engineering is also widely used in industrial and civil buildings, major infrastructure construction, geological disaster prevention, unconventional oil and gas resources development, marine resources investigation and other fields, which is closely related to people's production and life.

前言

矿产资源勘察的主要内容是找矿，找矿是指运用矿床成矿理论及已知成矿规律，根据工作地区地质条件，采用遥感技术与地质学、地球化学、地球物理学等方法寻找矿床的工作过程。矿产资源勘查按照循序渐进、逐步深入的原则划分为：预查、普查、详查和勘探四个阶段。其任务分别是对区域矿产资源作出远景评价、提交深部揭露点、提交勘探点和提交矿床。矿产勘查各阶段的工作，都应以该区域成矿地质条件的分析研究为指导，根据区内地质特征因地制宜釆用综合找矿方法，才能更科学、更经济地达到目的。

岩土工程是以土力学、岩石力学、工程地质学和基础工程学的理论为基础，由地质学、力学、土木工程、材料科学等多学科相结合形成的边缘学科，同时又是一门地质与工程紧密结合的学科。主要解决各类工程中关于岩石、土的工程技术问题。就其学科的内涵和属性来说，属于土木工程的范畴，在土木工程中占有重要的地位。

岩土体作为一种特殊的工程材料，不同于混凝土、钢材等人工材料。它是自然的产物，随着自然环境的不同而不同，从而表现出不同的工程特性。这就造成了岩土工程的复杂性和多变性，而且土木工程的规模越大，岩土工程问题就越突出、越复杂。在实际工程中，岩土问题、地基问题往往是影响投资和制约工期的主要因素，如果处理不当，就可能会带来灾难性的后果。随着人类土木工程规模的不断扩大，岩土工程有了不同的分支学科，岩土工程勘察就是岩土工程学科的一门重要的分支学科。

地质工程专业包括传统的工程地质与探矿工程两个专业方向，它是我国国民经济建设不可缺少的专业。随着人类社会的发展和技术进步，其地位愈加重要，应用领域也日益广泛。地质工程专业除了为传统的地质找矿服务外，当前还广泛应用于工业与民用建筑、重大基础设施建设、地质灾害防治、非常规油气资源开发、海洋资源调查等领域，与人们的生产和生活密切相关。

With the smooth advancement of the construction of a new socialist countryside and the development of modern animal husbandry, livestock and poultry farming has not only gradually embarked on the road of scale, standardization and industrialization, but also has become one of the important pillar industries that increase farmers’ income. However, some problems still restrict the development of animal husbandry to a certain extent, such as unfavorable increase in the penetration rate of good breeds in livestock and poultry production, poor popularization rate of scientific breeding methods, and the insufficient implementation of disease control systems. Therefore, based on many years of production and teaching practical experience, from the practical, practical and effective point of view, in the sf serving the countryside, farmers andpirit o agriculture, the author has compiled “Technology of Animal Husbandry and Breeding Safety”.

In the preparation of this book, new production technologies in this field have been absorbed and adopted, especially in accordance with the actual production process of livestock and poultry breeding and with reference to relevant national vocational qualification standards, the learning content has been restructured and the learning sequence has been reorganized in order to make learning content and the learning process more close to the actual production, so as to cultivate the ability of learners to scientifically organize livestock production and solve practical problems in production.

The writing of the series fully considers the learner’s knowledge background, learning habits, and cognitive ability. The explanation of theoretical knowledge is concise and easy to explain. The skill training is based on the main task of breeding and production. It is close to production and targeted. It has strong practicality, scientificity and advancedness.

This book emphasizes the people-oriented concept and follows the principle of replacing the standard theory teaching mode with flexible and changeable training forms, which is characterized by the combination of theory and practice. It covers a wide range of contents, allowing learners to master as much useful information as possible with limited energy and time. Based on the present and the future; this book strives to be easy to understand. The author sincerely hopes that this book will become a good teacher and friend for learners to seek a skill, improve their skills, understand the development of the agricultural industry.

This book can provide production guidance for animal husbandry and veterinary technicians of various scale breeding farms, and a large number of breeding professional farmers. It can also be used as a teaching book for vocational education of animal husbandry and veterinary majors, as well as professional training materials for professional farmers and college student village officials.

The compilation of this book has been enthusiastically guided and assisted by the production line technical experts of many production enterprises, and I would like to express my thanks here.

Due to the limited level and ability of the author, the shortcomings are inevitable. Suggestions for improvement will be gratefully received.

前言 

随着社会主义新农村建设的顺利推进以及现代畜牧业的发展，畜禽养殖不仅逐步走上了规模化、标准化和产业化的道路，而且成为增加农民收入的重要支柱产业之一。但是，畜禽生产中良种普及率的提高不快、科学养殖方法的普及不广、疫病防治制度的落实不够等问题仍然在一定程度上制约着畜牧业的发展。为此，编者结合多年生产和教学实践经验，从实际、实用、实效出发，本着服务农村、服务农民、服务农业的精神编写了这本《畜牧安全养殖技术》。

本书编写中吸收和采用了本领域的生产新技术，尤其是根据畜禽养殖的实际生产过程并参照国家相关的职业资格标准，重构了学习内容和编排了学习顺序，以期使学习内容和学习过程更加贴近生产实际，以培养学习者科学组织畜禽生产以及解决生产中实际问题的能力。

丛书的编写充分考虑了学习者的知识背景、学习习惯、认知能力。理论知识的阐述简明扼要，深入浅出，技能培养以养殖生产任务为主线，贴近生产，针对性强，具有很强的实用性、科学性和先进性。

本书强调以人为本的理念，遵循以灵活多变的培训形式取代规范理论教学模式的原则，具有理论与实践相结合的特点；内容涉及范围极可能广，让学习者在有限的精力和时间内掌握尽可能多的有益信息；既立足于现在，又着眼于未来；本书力求通俗易懂。真心希望本本书能够成为学习者谋求一技之长，提高技能水平，了解农业产业发展形势，进而发家致富的良师益友。

本书可为各类规模养殖场畜牧兽医技术人员、广大养殖专业户提供生产指导，也可作为职业教育畜牧兽医类专业的教学用书，还可以作为职业农民以及大学生村官的专业培训教材使用。

本书的编写得到了诸多生产企业的生产一线技术专家的热情指导和帮助，在此一并表示感谢。

由于编者的水平与能力有限，不足之处在所难免，敬请指正。

The process of water resource development and utilization is nothing more than the process of open source, throttling, pollution reduction, and efficient allocation. In this process, science and technology play a vital role. Urbanization refers to a historical process in which the rural population is constantly shifting to towns, and the secondary and tertiary industries are converging to towns, thereby increasing the number of towns and expanding the size of towns. Its main manifestations are that with the development of social productivity in a country or region, the advancement of science and technology, and the adjustment of the industrial structure, the migration of rural residents to urban areas and the transfer of rural labor employment to urban secondary and tertiary industries. The process of urbanization is also a reflection of the social changes experienced by various countries in the process of industrialization and modernization.                         

Urbanization is not only an increase in the population and number of cities, but also the further socialization of cities and the intensification of resources. It is a complex process of spatial changes and social and economic development.

Urban water supply project is an important infrastructure to protect urban residents ’living and ecological environment. The scientific operation of urban water supply system is directly related to the quality of life of residents and the effective use of water resources. In the design and construction of urban water supply projects, the overall scientific planning and rational design are necessary.

Therefore, the content of this book provides a comprehensive description of water resources utilization and urban water supply projects, hoping to help the work of relevant staff.

前言

水资源开发利用的过程不外乎开源、节流、减污降排和高效配置的过程，在这个过程中，科学技术起着至关重要的作用。城镇化是指农村人口不断向城镇转移，第二、三产业不断向城镇聚集，从而使城镇数量增加，城镇规模扩大的一种历史过程。其主要表现为随着一个国家或地区社会生产力的发展、科学技术的进步以及产业结构的调整，其农村人口居住地点向城镇的迁移和农村劳动力从事职业向城镇二、三产业的转移。城镇化的过程也是各个国家在实现工业化、现代化过程中所经历社会变迁的一种反映。城镇化不仅是城市人口和城市数量的增加，也包括城市的进一步社会化和资源的集约化，是一个复杂的空间形态变化和社会、经济发展过程。

城镇供水工程是保障城市居民生活和生态环境绿化用水的重要基础设施，城镇供水工程系统的科学运行直接关系居民的生活质量和水资源的有效利用，在城市供水工程设计施工中，需要做到整体规划科学和设计合理。

因此，本书内容对水资源利用及城镇供水工程进行全面的阐述，希望能够有助于相关工作人员的工作开展。

The traditional water conservancy economic management system is not suitable for operation in the new historical environment. In order to improve the quality of modern high water conservancy projects and improve the economic benefits of water conservancy projects, the water conservancy economic management unit needs to improve the previous management system, extract its essence and remove its dregs. The old management system is not useless. When constructing a new system, we should learn from the advantages of the previous system construction, combine with the characteristics of new China's water conservancy project construction, abandon the "people-oriented" standard in the old system, and build Xi Jinping as the core, the new "party-based" water conservancy economic management system led by the Communist Party of China.

Based on the existing water conservancy economic management system, the water conservancy economic management department shall establish a strict personnel supervision and performance reward and punishment system. In the process of project construction, there are many aspects of personnel coordination and scheduling. In order to improve the enthusiasm of economic managers, the implementation of performance system can effectively mobilize the enthusiasm of managers. Due to the uneven working level of economic managers, Inadequate personnel strive to improve management. A complete responsibility tracking system should be established. Various risk items will appear in each link of the hydraulic engineering process. Effective responsibility tracking can enable each water conservancy economic manager to treat each construction link seriously and responsibly.

The content of this book explains and analyzes the construction and management of water conservancy economy and water conservancy projects. The water conservancy economic management department should strengthen the supervision of daily work. In the daily work, avoid unnecessary risks and make the water conservancy economic management work more formal. The entire construction process of water conservancy projects is more specialized, thereby increasing the economic benefits of water conservancy projects.

前言

传统的水利经济管理体制不适合在新的历史环境下运行，为提现代高水利工程质量，提升水利工程的经济收益，水利经济管理单位需要完善之前的管理体制，取其精华，去其糟粕。旧的管理体制并不是一无是处，在建设新的体制时，应借鉴之前体制建设的优点，结合新中国水利工程建设的特色，摒弃旧体制中“以人为治”的标准，建设以习近平为核心的中国共产党领导的新的“以党为治”水利经济管理体制。

水利经济管理部门应在现有水利经济管理制度的基础上，建立严格的人员监督和绩效奖惩制度。在工程建设的过程中需要多方面的人员协调和调度，为提高经济管理人员的工作积极性，实行绩效制度能够有效调动管理人员的工作热情，由于经济管理人员工作水平参差不齐，还能够让原本能力不足的人员努力提高管理水平。应建立完整的责任追踪系统，在水利工程过程的各个环节中会出现各种各样的风险项目，有效地责任追踪，能够让每个水利经济管理人员认真负责地对待每个施工环节。

本书内容对水利经济与水利工程建设管理进行阐述与分析，水利经济管理部门应加强日常工作的监管力度，在日常的工作当中，规避一些不必要的风险，使水利经济管理工作更加正规化，整个水利工程建设过程更加专业化，进而增加水利工程项目的经济收益。